The frequency of HIV-I drug resistance mutations among treatment-naïve individuals at a tertiary care centre in south India

International Journal of STD and AIDS

Volumn 20, Issue 8, 2008, Pages 522-526

  Kandathil, A J ^a,b   Kannangai, R ^a,b   Abraham, O C ^a   Rupali, P ^a   Pulimood, S A ^a   Verghese, V P ^a   Grant, P ^b   Pillay, D ^b   Sridharan, G ^a  

^a CHRISTIAN MEDICAL COLLEGE   (India)

^b UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Drug resistance; Genotyping testing; HIV 1; India; Non clade B

Indexed keywords

ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT; PROTEINASE; RNA DIRECTED DNA POLYMERASE;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AMINO ACID SUBSTITUTION; ARTICLE; CHILD; CLADISTICS; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; GENE SEQUENCE; GENOTYPE; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; INDIA; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; NONHUMAN; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; PHYLOGENETIC TREE; PREDICTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUALITY CONTROL; SCHOOL CHILD; SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM; TERTIARY HEALTH CARE; VIRUS MUTATION;

ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AMINO ACID SUBSTITUTION; BASE SEQUENCE; CHILD; DRUG RESISTANCE, VIRAL; FEMALE; GENOTYPE; HIV PROTEASE; HIV REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE; HIV-1; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; MUTATION;

EID: 70349251346     PISSN: 09564624     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1258/ijsa.2008.008403     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Technical Report India HIV estimates 2006. http://www.nacoonline.org/ facts (last accessed 27 May 2008)
2. Kannangai R, Ramalingam S, Vijayakumar TS, David S, Sridharan G. Is the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic slowing down in India? Natl Med J India 2006;19:38-39
3. Kumar R, Jha P, Arora P, et al. Trends in HIV-1 in young adults in south India from 2000 to 2004: a prevalence study. Lancet 2006;367:1164-1172
4. Little SJ, Holte S, Routy JP, et al. Antiretroviral - drug resistance among patients recently infected with HIV. N Engl J Med 2002;347:385-394 (Pubitemid 34851830)
5. Kantor R, Katzenstein DA, Efron B, et al. Impact of HIV-1 subtype and antiretroviral therapy on protease and reverse transcriptase genotype: Results of a global collaboration. PLoS Med 2005;2:e112 (Pubitemid 40721078)
6. Balakrishnan P, Kumarasamy N, Kantor P, et al. HIV type 1 genotypic variation in an antiretroviral treatment-naive population in southern India. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2005;21:301-305 (Pubitemid 40632362)
7. Arora SK, Gupta S, Toor JS, Singla A. Drug resistance-associated genotypic alterations in the pol gene of HIV type 1 isolates in ART-naive individuals in North India. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2008;24:125-130 (Pubitemid 351282103)
8. Guidelines for surveillance of HIV drug resistance (2003). www.who.int/3by5/publications/guidelines/en/resisguide12-12.pdf (last accessed December 2007)
9. Kandathil AJ, Kannangai R, David S, et al. CD4+ and CD8+ T cell estimation by a micro-capillary cytometry technology compared with flow cytometry. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2005;12:1006-1009
10. Kannangai R, Kandathil AJ, Ebenezer DL, et al. Evidence for lower CD4+ T cell and higher viral load in asymptomatic HIV-1 infected individuals of India (south): Implications for therapy initiation. Indian J Med Microbiol 2008;26:217-221
11. Hall TA. BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symp Ser 1999;41:95-98
12. Tamura K, Dudley J, Nei M, Kumar S. MEGA4: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. Mol Biol Evol 2007;24:1596-1599 (Pubitemid 47236692)
13. Spira S, Wainberg MA, Loemba H, Turner D, Brenner BG. Impact of clade diversity on HIV-1 virulence, antiretroviral drug sensitivity and drug resistance. J Anti Chemother 2003;51:229-240 (Pubitemid 36231141)
14. Kantor R, Katzenstein D. Drug resistance in non-subtype B HIV-1. J Clin Vir 2004;29:152-159
15. Wu TD, Schiffer CA, Gonzales MJ, et al. Mutation patterns and structural correlates in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease following different protease inhibitor treatments. J Virol 2003;77:4836-4847
16. Ode H, Matsuyama S, Hata M, et al. Computational characterization of structural role of the non-active site mutation M36I of human immunodeficiency virus type I protease. J Mol Biol 2007;370:598-607 (Pubitemid 46901071)
17. Turner D, Schapiro JM, Brenner BG, Wainberg MA. The influence of protease inhibitor resistance profiles on selection of HIV therapy in treatment-naïve patients. Antivir Ther 2004;9:301-314 (Pubitemid 38878746)
18. King RW, Winslow DL, Garber S, et al. Identification of a clinical isolate of HIV-1 with an isoleucine at position 82 of the protease which retains susceptibility to protease inhibitors. Antivir Res 1995;28:13-24
19. Deshpande A, Recordon-Pinson P, Deshmukh R, et al. Molecular characterization of HIV type 1 isolates from untreated patients of Mumbai (Bombay), India, and detection of rare resistance mutations. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2004;20:1032-1035 (Pubitemid 39369712)
20. Hira SK, Panchal K, Parmar PA, Bhatia VP. High resistance to antiretroviral drugs: the Indian experience. Int J STD AIDS 2004;15:173-177 (Pubitemid 38647179)
21. Kandathil AJ, Kannangai R, Abraham OC, Sudarsanam TD, Pulimood SA, Sridharan G. Genotypic resistance profile of HIV-1 protease gene: a preliminary report from Vellore, South India. Indian J Med Microbiol 2008;26:151-154 (Pubitemid 351652297)
22. Meiselbach H, Horn AH, Harrer T, Sticht H. Insights into amprenavir resistance in E35D HIV-1 protease mutation from molecular dynamics and binding free-energy calculations. J Mol Model 2007;13:297-304 (Pubitemid 46189159)
23. Kellam P, Boucher CA, Larder BA. Fifth mutation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase contributes to the development of high-level resistance to zidovudine. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1992;89:1934-1938
24. Clavel F, Hance AJ. HIV drug resistance. N Engl J Med 2004;250:1023-1035
25. Larder BA. 3′-Azido-3′-deoxythymidine resistance suppressed by a mutation conferring human immunodeficiency virus type 1 resistance to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1992;36:2664-2669
26. Sahfer RW. Genotypic testing for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 drug resistance. Clin Microbiol Rev 2002;15:247-277 (Pubitemid 34303765)
27. Keulen W, Back NK, van Wijk A, Boucher CA, Berkhout B. Initial appearance of the 184Ile variant in lamivudine-treated patients is caused by the mutational bias of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase. J Virol 1997;71:3346-3350 (Pubitemid 27121581)
28. Parkin NT, Gupta S, Chappey C, Petropoulos CJ. The K101P and K103R/V179D mutations in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase confer resistance to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006;50:351-354 (Pubitemid 43042944)
29. Kandathil AJ, Ramalingam S, Kannangai R, David S, Sridharan G. Molecular epidemiology of HIV. Indian J Med Res 2005;121:333-344
30. Domingo E, Martinez-Salas E, Sobrino F, et al. The quasispecies (extremely heterogeneous) nature of viral RNA genome populations: biological revelance - a review. Gene 1985;40:1-8 (Pubitemid 16132020)
31. Dykes C, Demeter LM. Clinical significance of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication fitness. Clin Microbiol Rev 2007;20:550-578 (Pubitemid 47623768)
32. Sen S, Tripathy SP, Chimanpure VM, Patil AA, Bagul RD, Paranjape RS. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 drug resistance mutations in peripheral blood mononuclear cell proviral DNA among antiretroviral treatment-naive and treatment-experienced patients from Pune, India. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2007;23:489-497 (Pubitemid 46700880)
33. Protocol for evaluation of transmitted HIV drug resistance using specimens from HIV sentinel serosurveys in resource-limited settings. www.who.int/entity/hiv/drug-resistance/protocol-HIVDRevaluation.pdf (last accessed December 2007)