Prostate cancer: A newly discovered route for testosterone to reach the prostate: Treatment by super-selective intraprostatic androgen deprivation

Andrologia

Volumn 41, Issue 5, 2009, Pages 305-315

  Gat, Y ^a   Joshua, S ^b   Gornish, M G ^c  

^a WEIZMANN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE   (Israel)

^b TECHNION ISRAEL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (Israel)

^c MAAYANEI HAYESHUA MEDICAL CENTER   (Israel)

Author keywords

Prostate cancer mechanism; Varicocele; Venous drainage of reproductive system

Indexed keywords

PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN; TESTOSTERONE;

ADULT; AGED; ANDROGEN DEPRIVATION THERAPY; ARTICLE; CANCER CELL; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; HUMAN; MALE; PROSTATE; PROSTATE BIOPSY; PROSTATE CANCER; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; REPEAT PROCEDURE; SCLEROTHERAPY; SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION; TESTIS SIZE; VEIN BLOOD FLOW;

AGED; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; ORGAN SIZE; PROSTATE; PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN; PROSTATIC NEOPLASMS; SCLEROTHERAPY; TESTOSTERONE; VARICOCELE;

EID: 70049118470     PISSN: 03034569     EISSN: 14390272     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2009.00972.x     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Bostwick DG, Cooner WH, Denis L, Jones GW, Scardino PT, Murphy GP (1992) The association of benign prostatic hypertrophy and cancer of the prostate. Cancer 70 : 291 301.
2. Canales BK, Zapzalka DM, Ercole CJ, Carey P, Haus E, Aeppli D, Pryor JL (2005) Prevalence and effect of varicocele in an elderly population. Urology 66 : 627 631.
3. Chatterjee B (2003) The role of the androgen receptor in the development of prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer. Mol Cell Biochem 253 : 89 101.
4. Chen CD, Welsbie DS, Tran C, Baek SH, Chen R, Vessella R, Rosenfeld MG, Sawyers CL (2004) Molecular determinants of resistance to antiandrogen therapy. Nat Med 10 : 33 39.
5. Comhaire F, Vermeulen A (1975) Plasma testosterone in patients with varicocele and sexual inadequacy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 40 : 824 829.
6. Feldman BJ, Feldman D (2001) The development of androgen-independent prostate cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 1 : 1 45.
7. Gat Y, Gornish M (2006) Technical investigation including imaging procedures: colour flow Doppler and thermography for the detection of reflux in varicocele. In : Andrology for the Clinician, 1st edn. Schill WB, Comhaire FH, Hargreave TB (eds). Springer, Berlin, pp 447 453.
8. Gat Y, Bachar GN, Zukerman Z, Gornish M 2004a) Varicocele: a bilateral disease. Fertil Steril 81 : 424 429 Editorial Comment, J Urol. 172 : 790 791.
9. Gat Y, Gornish M, Belenky A, Bachar GN (2004b) Elevation of serum testosterone and free testosterone after embolization of the internal spermatic vein for the treatment of varicocele in infertile men. Hum Reprod 19 : 2303 2306. Editorial Comment: J Urol 2005, 173: 2079.
10. Gat Y, Chakraborty J, Zukerman Z, Gornish M (2005) Varicocele, hypoxia and male infertility. Fluid mechanics analysis of the impaired testicular venous drainage system. Hum Reprod 20 : 2614 2619. Editorial Comment: J Urol 2006, 4: 1454.
11. Gat Y, Gornish M, Heiblum M, Joshua S (2008) Reversal of benign prostate hyperplasia by selective occlusion of impaired venous drainage in the male reproductive system: novel mechanism, new treatment. Andrologia 40 : 273 281.
12. Haas GP, Sakr WA (1997) Epidemiology of prostate cancer. CA Cancer J Clin 47 : 273 287.
13. Hoffman MA, DeWolf WC, Morgentaler A (2000) Is low serum free testosterone a marker for high grade prostate cancer? J Urol 163 : 824 827.
14. Huggins C, Hodges CV (1941) Studies on prostatic cancer. I. The effect of castration, of estrogen and of androgen injection on serum phosphatases in metastatic carcinoma of the prostate. Cancer Res 1 : 293 297.
15. Huhtaniemi I, Nikula H, Rannikko S (1985) Treatment of prostatic cancer with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist analog: acute and long term effects on endocrine functions of testis tissue. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1 : 698 704.
16. Huhtaniemi I, Nikula H, Parvinen M, Rannikko S (1987) Pituitary-testicular function of prostatic cancer patients during treatment with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist analog. II. Endocrinology and histology of the testis. J Androl 8 : 363 373. (Pubitemid 18006785)
17. Isaacs JT, Isaacs WB (2004) Androgen receptor outwits prostate cancer drugs. Nature Med 10 : 26 27.
18. Jemal A, Thun MJ, Ries LAG, Howe HL, Weir HW, Canter MM, Ward G, Wu XC, Ehemann C, Anderson R, Ajani VA, Kohler B, Edwards BK (2008) Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1975-2005, featuring trends in lung cancer, tobacco use, and tobacco control. J Natl Cancer Inst 100 : 1672 1694.
19. Klotz L (2005) Active surveillance for prostate cancer: for whom? J Clin Oncol 23 : 8165 8169.
20. Kunnen M, Comhaire F (1992) Nonsurgical cure of the varicocele by transcatheter embolization of the internal spermatic veins with tissue adhesive (histoacryl transparent). In : Interventional Radiology, 2nd edn. Castaneda-Zuniga WR, Tadavarthy SM (eds). Williams&Wilkinson, Baltimore, pp 73 100.
21. Labrie F, Luu TV, Bélanger A, Lin SX, Simard J, Pelletier G, Labrie C (2005) Is dehydroepiandrosterone a hormone? J Endocrinol 187 : 169 196.
22. Levinger U, Gornish M, Gat Y, Bachar GN (2007) Does the prevalence of varicocele increase with age? Andrologia 3 : 77 80.
23. Locke JA, Guns ES, Lubik AA, Adomat HH, Hendy SC, Wood CA, Ettinger SL, Gleave ME, Nelson CC (2008) Androgen levels increase by intratumoral de novo steroidogenesis during progression of castration-resistant prostate cancer. Cancer Res 68 : 6407 6415.
24. Marks LS, Mazer NA, Mostaghel E, Hess DL, Dorey FJ, Epstein JI, Veltri RW, Makarov DV, Partin AW, Bostwick DG, Macairan ML, Nelson PS (2006) Effect of testosterone replacement therapy on prostate tissue in men with late-onset hypogonadism: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 296 : 2351 2361.
25. Morgentaler A, Bruning CO, DeWolf WC (1996) Occult prostate cancer in men with low serum testosterone levels. JAMA 276 : 1904 1906.
26. Mostaghel EA, Page ST, Lin DW, Fazli L, Coleman IM, True LD, Knudsen B, Hess DL, Nelson CC, Matsumoto AM, Bremner WJ, Gleave ME, Nelson PS (2007) Intraprostatic androgens and androgen-regulated gene expression persist after testosterone suppression: therapeutic implications for castration-resistant prostate cancer. Cancer Res 67 : 5033 5041.
27. Page ST, Lin DW, Mostaghel EA, Hess DL, True LD, Amory JK, Nelson PS, Matsumoto AM, Bremner WJ (2006) Persistent intraprostatic androgen concentrations after medical castration in healthy men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91 : 3850 3856.
28. Roddam AW, Allen NE, Appleby P, Key TJ (2008) Endogenous sex hormones and prostate cancer: a collaborative analysis of 18 prospective studies. J Natl Cancer Inst 100 : 170 183.
29. Ross RW, Xie W, Regan MM, Pomerantz M, Nakabayashi M, Daskivich TJ, Sartor O, Taplin ME, Kantoff PW, Oh WK (2008) Efficacy of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in patients with advanced prostate cancer: association between Gleason score, prostate-specific antigen level, and prior ADT exposure with duration of ADT effect. Cancer 112 : 1247 1253.
30. Streeter VL (1971) Fluid Mechanics, 5th edn. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, p 27.
31. Veldhuis JD, King JC, Urban RJ, Rogol AD, Evans WS, Kolp LA, Johnson ML (1987) Operating characteristics of the male hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis: pulsatile release of testosterone and follicle-stimulating hormone and their temporal coupling with luteinizing hormone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 65 : 929 941.
32. Visakorpi T, Hyytinen E, Koivisto P, Tanner M, Keinänen R, Palmberg C, Palotie A, Tammela T, Isola J, Kallioniemi OP (1995) In vivo amplification of the androgen receptor gene and progression of human prostate cancer. Nat Gene 9 : 401 406.
33. Walsh PC (2002) Campbell's Urology, 8th edn. Saunders, Philadelphia, 1245 1249 2566.
34. Zuccolo L, Harris R, Gunnell D, Oliver S, Lane JA, Davis M, Donovan J, Neal D, Hamdy F, Beynon R, Savovic J, Martin RM (2008) Height and prostate cancer risk: a large nested case-control study (ProtecT) and meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 17 : 2325 2336.