African climate variability in the satellite era

Theoretical and Applied Climatology

Volumn 98, Issue 3-4, 2009, Pages 279-291

  Jury, Mark R ^a,b   Mpeta, Emanuel J ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ZULULAND   (South Africa)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO   (Puerto Rico)

^c Tanzanian Meteorological Service   (Tanzania)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE CHANGE; CLIMATE VARIATION; EL NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; RAINFALL; SATELLITE DATA; SEA LEVEL PRESSURE; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE; WIND FIELD;

AFRICA; ATLANTIC OCEAN; CENTRAL AFRICA; EAST AFRICA; GULF OF GUINEA; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA;

EID: 69949110651     PISSN: 0177798X     EISSN: 14344483     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00704-009-0106-0     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Barnett TP (1991) The interaction of multiple timescales in the tropical climate system. J Climate 4:269-285
2. Barnston AG, Thiao W, Kumar V (1996) Long-lead forecasts of seasonal precipitation in Africa using CCA. Wea Forecasting 11:506-520
3. Biasutti M, Held IM, Sobel AH, Giannini A (2008) SST Forcings and Sahel rainfall variability in simulations of the 20th and 21st centuries. J Climate 21:3471-3486
4. Bjerknes J (1969) Atmospheric teleconnections from the equatorial Pacific. Mon Wea Rev 97:163-172
5. Bretherton CS, Smith C, Wallace JM (1992) An intercomparison of methods for finding coupled patterns in climate data. J Climate 5:541-560
6. Camberlin P (1995) June-September rainfall in northeastern Africa and atmospheric signals over the Tropics: A zonal perspective. Int J Climatol 15:773-783
7. Cook KH (2000) The South Indian convergence zone and interannual rainfall variability over southern Africa. J Climate 13:3789-3804
8. d'Abreton PC, Lindesay JA (1993) Water vapour transport over southern Africa during wet and dry early and late summer months. Meteor Atmos Phys 55:47-59
9. Diab RD, Preston-Whyte RA, Washington R (1991) Distribution of rainfall by synoptic type over Natal, South Africa. Int J Climatol 11:877-888
10. Dirmeyer PA, Shukla J (1996) The effect on regional and global climate of expansion of the world's deserts. Quart J Roy Meteor Soc 122:451-482
11. Fauchereau N, Trzaska S, Richard Y, Roucou P, Camberlin P (2003) Sea-surface temperature co-variability in the Southern Atlantic and Indian Oceans and its connections with the atmospheric circulation in the Southern Hemisphere. Int J Climatol 23(6):663
12. Folland CK, Palmer TN, Parker DE (1986) Sahel rainfall and worldwide sea temperatures, 1901-85. Nature 320:602-607
13. Folland CK, Owen JA, Ward MN, Colman AW (1991) Prediction of seasonal rainfall in the Sahel region of Africa using empirical and dynamical methods. J Forecasting 10:2-56
14. Goddard L, Graham NE (1999) Importance of the Indian Ocean for simulating rainfall anomalies over eastern and southern Africa. J Geophys Res 104:19099-19116
15. Goldenburg SB, Shapiro LJ (1996) Physical mechanisms for the association of El Niño and West African rainfall with Atlantic major hurricane activity. J Climate 9:1169-1187
16. Gray W (1984) Atlantic seasonal hurricane frequency. Part I: El Niño and 30 mb quasi-biennial oscillation influences. Mon Wea Rev 112:1649-1668
17. Harrison MSJ (1984) A generalised classification of South African summer rain-bearing synoptic systems. J Climatol 4:547-560
18. Hastenrath S (1984) Interannual variability and annual cycle: Mechanisms of circulation and climate in the tropical Atlantic sector. Mon Wea Rev 112:1097-1107
19. Hastenrath S (1995) Recent advances in tropical climate prediction. J Climate 8:1519-1532
20. Huang B, Shukla J (2007a) Mechanisms for the interannual variability in the tropical Indian ocean. Part I: The role of remote forcing from the tropical Pacific. J Climate 20:2917-2936
21. Huang B, Shukla J (2007b) Mechanisms for the interannual variability in the tropical Indian Ocean. Part II: Regional processes. J Climate 20:2937-2960
22. Huang B, Carlton JA, Shukla J (1995) A numerical simulation of the variability in the Tropical Atlantic Ocean, 1980-88. J Phys Oceanogr 25:835-854
23. Huffman GJ, Adler RF, Arkin PA, Chang A, Ferraro R, Gruber A, Janowiak J, Joyce RJ, McNab A, Rudolf B, Schneider U, Xie P (1997) The Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) combined precipitation data set. Bull Am Meteor Soc 78:5-20
24. Janicot S (1992) Spatiotemporal variability of West African rainfall. Part II: Associated surface and airmass characteristics. J Climate 5:499-511
25. Janicot S, Moron V, Fontaine B (1996) Sahel droughts and ENSO dynamics. Geophys Res Lett 23:515-518
26. Janowiak JE (1988) An investigation of interannual rainfall variability in Africa. J Climate 1:240-255
27. Jury MR (1996) Regional teleconnection patterns associated with summer rainfall over South Africa, Namibia and Zimbabwe. Int J Climatol 16:135-153
28. Jury MR (2009) A comparison of climate factors influencing river flows in southern Angola. Intl J Climatology (in press)
29. Jury MR, Huang B (2004) The Rossby wave as a key mechanism of Indian Ocean climate variability. Deep Sea Res 51:2123-2136
30. Jury MR, Lindesay JA, Wittmeyer I (1993) Flood episodes in central South Africa from satellite and ECMWF data. South Afr J Sci 89:263-269
31. Jury MR, Mulenga H, Rautenbach H (2000) Tropical Atlantic variability and Indo-Pacific ENSO: Statistical analysis and Numerical simulation. Global Atmos Ocean System 7:107-124
32. Kanamitsu M, Ebisuzaki W, Woollen J, Yang SK, Hnilo JJ, Fiorino M, Potter GL (2002) NCEP-DOE AMIP-II Reanalysis (R-2). Bull Am Meteor Soc 83:1631-1643
33. Karoly DJ (1989) Southern Hemisphere circulation features associated with El Niño-Southern Oscillation events. J Climate 2:1239-1252
34. Kiladis GN, Van Loon H (1988) The Southern Oscillation. Part VII: Meteorological anomalies over the Indian and Pacific sectors associated with the extremes of the oscillation. Mon Wea Rev 116:120-136
35. Kiladis GN, Diaz HF (1989) Global climatic anomalies associated with extremes of the Southern Oscillation. J Climate 2:1069-1090
36. Lamb PJ, Peppler RA (1992) Further case studies of tropical Atlantic surface atmospheric and oceanic patterns associated with sub-Saharan drought. J Climate 5:476-488
37. Landsea CW, Gray WM (1992) The strong association between western Sahelian monsoon rainfall and intense Atlantic hurricanes. J Climate 5:435-453
38. Latif M, Dommenget D, Dima M, Grötzner A (1999) The role of Indian Ocean sea surface temperature is forcing East African rainfall anomalies during December-January 1997/98. J Climate 12:3497-3504
39. Lindesay JA (1988) South Africa rainfall, the Southern Oscillation and a Southern Hemisphere semi-annual cycle. J Climatol 8:17-30
40. Lindzen RS, Nigam S (1987) On the role of sea surface temperature gradients in forcing low-level winds and convergence in the tropics. J Atmos Sci 44:2418-2436
41. Lough JM (1986) Tropical Atlantic sea surface temperatures and rainfall variations in Subsaharan Africa. Mon Wea Rev 114:561-570
42. Lyons SW (1991) Origins of convective variability over equatorial southern Africa during austral summer. J Climate 4:23-39
43. Mason SJ, Jury MR (1997) Climatic variability and change over southern Africa: A reflection on underlying processes. Prog Phys Geogr 21:23-50
44. Mason SJ, Lindesay JA, Tyson PD (1994) Simulating drought in southern Africa using sea surface temperature variations. WaterSA 20:203-209
45. Meehl GA (1987) The annual cycle and interannual variability in the tropical Pacific and Indian Ocean regions. Mon Wea Rev 115:27-50
46. Moron V (1997) Trend, decadal and interannual variability in annual rainfall of subequatorial and tropical North Africa (1900-1994). Int J Climatol 17:785-805
47. Mulenga H (1999) Southern African climatic anomalies, summer rainfall and the Angola low. PhD Thesis, University of Cape Town, South Africa, 261 pp
48. Neelin JD, Held IM (1987) Modeling tropical convergence based on the moist static energy budget. Mon Wea Rev 115:3-12
49. Nicholson SE (1989) Rainfall variability in southern Africa and its relationship to ENSO and the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. Preprints, 3rd Conf. S. Hem. Meteor. Oceanogr., Argentina, Am Meteor Soc 366-367
50. Nicholson SE, Palao IM (1993) A re-evaluation of rainfall variability in the Sahel. Part I. Characteristics of rainfall fluctuations. Int J Climatol 4:371-389
51. Nicholson SE, Leposo D, Grist J (2001) The relationship between El Niño and drought over Botswana. J Climate 14:323-335
52. Rasmusson EM, Carpenter TH (1982) Variations in tropical sea surface temperature and surface wind fields associated with the Southern Oscillation/El Niño. Mon Wea Rev 110:354-384
53. Revell MJ, Kidson JW, Kiladis GN (2001) Interpreting low-frequency modes of southern hemisphere atmospheric variability as the rotational response to divergent forcing. Mon Wea Rev 129:2416-2425
54. Rocha A, Simmonds I (1997a) Interannual variability of south-eastern African summer rainfall. Part I: Relationships with air-sea interaction processes. Int J Climatol 17:235-265
55. Rocha A, Simmonds I (1997b) Interannual variability of south-eastern African summer rainfall. Part II: Modelling the impact of sea-surface temperatures on rainfall and circulation. Int J Climatol 17:267-290
56. Ropelewski CF, Halpert MS (1987) Global and regional-scale precipitation patterns associated with the El Niño/Southern Oscillation. Mon Wea Rev 115:1606-1626
57. Ropelewski CF, Halpert MS (1989) Precipitation patterns associated with the high index phase of the Southern Oscillation. J Climate 2:268-284
58. Rowell DP (1996) Further analysis of simulated interdecadal and interannual variability of summer rainfall over tropical North Africa. Reply to Y. C. Sud and W. K.-M. Lau. Quart J Roy Meteor Soc 122:1007-1013
59. Smith TM, Reynolds RW, Peterson TC, Lawrimore J (2008) Improvements to NOAA's historical merged land-ocean surface temperature analysis (1880-2006). J Climate 21:2283-2296
60. Taljaard JJ (1990) The cloud bands of South Africa. S Afr Wea Bur Newsl 493:6-8
61. Torrence C, Compo GP (1998) A practical guide to wavelet analysis. Bull Am Meteor Soc 79:61-78
62. Trenberth KE (1976) Spatial and temporal variations in the Southern Oscillation. Quart J Roy Meteor Soc 102:639-653
63. Vautard R, Ghil M (1989) Singular spectrum analysis in nonlinear dynamics with application to paleoclimatic time series. Physica D 35:395-424
64. Walker ND (1990) Links between South African summer rainfall and temperature variability of the Agulhas and Benguela current systems. J Geophys Res 95:3297-3319
65. Ward MN (1998) Diagnosis and short-lead time prediction of summer rainfall in tropical North Africa at interannual and multidecadal timescales. J Climate 11:3167-3191
66. Washington R, Harrison M, Conway D, Black E, Challinor A, Grimes D, Jones R, Morse A, Kay G, Todd M (2006) African climate change: Taking the shorter route. Bull Am Meteor Soc 87:1355-1366
67. Xue Y, Smith TM, Reynolds RW (2003) Interdecadal changes of 30-yr SST normals during 1871-2000. J Climate 16:1601-1612
68. Yamagata T, Behera S, Luo J, Masson S, Jury M, Rao S (2004) Coupled ocean-atmosphere variability in the tropical Indian Ocean, AGU monograph series, 'Earth Climate: The Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction' eds. Wang, Xie and Carton, pp 189-212
69. Yeshanew A, Jury MR (2007) North African climate variability, part 2: tropical circulation systems. Theor Appl Climatol, doi: 10.1007/ s00704-006-0243-7