Modern pacemakers: Hope or hype?

PACE - Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology

Volumn 32, Issue 9, 2009, Pages 1207-1221

  Das, Mithilesh K ^a   Dandamudi, Gopi ^a   Steiner, Hillel A ^a  

^a INDIANA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALGORITHM; ARTIFICIAL HEART PACEMAKER; ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION; ATRIOVENTRICULAR JUNCTION ARRHYTHMIA; CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY; HEART ARRHYTHMIA; HEART ATRIUM FIBRILLATION; HEART AUTOMATICITY; HEART FAILURE; HEART VENTRICLE ARRHYTHMIA; HEMODYNAMIC MONITORING; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; HYSTERESIS; LONG QT SYNDROME; MORTALITY; PACEMAKER; PR INTERVAL; REVIEW; SENSOR; SINUS NODE DYSFUNCTION; SYNCOPE; TREATMENT INDICATION;

DIAGNOSIS, COMPUTER-ASSISTED; ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; EQUIPMENT FAILURE ANALYSIS; PACEMAKER, ARTIFICIAL; TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT, BIOMEDICAL; THERAPY, COMPUTER-ASSISTED;

EID: 69849097695     PISSN: 01478389     EISSN: 15408159     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8159.2009.02467.x     Document Type: Review

References (72)

1. Pinski S. Marcapasos permanentes. In : Doval HC, Tajer CD, Schwartzman RA (eds Evidencias en Cardiologia: De los Ensayos Clinicos a Las Conductas Terapeuticas, Editorial GEDIC, Buenos Aires, 2001, pp. 366 403.
2. Callaghan JC, Bigelow WG. An electrical artificial pacemaker for standstill of the heart. Ann Surg 1951 134 : 8 17.
3. Chawla NP, Rea W, Shapiro W. The use of an implanted demand pacemaker in bradyarrhythmias. Arch Intern Med 1969 124 : 593 599.
4. Epstein AE, DiMarco JP, Ellenbogen KA, Estes NA, 3rd., Freedman RA, Gettes LS, Gillinov AM, et al. ACC/AHA/HRS 2008 Guidelines for device-based therapy of cardiac rhythm abnormalities: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the ACC/AHA/NASPE 2002 Guideline Update for Implantation of Cardiac Pacemakers and Antiarrhythmia Devices) developed in collaboration with the American Association for Thoracic Surgery and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008 51 : e1 e62.
5. Andersen HR, Thuesen L, Bagger JP, Vesterlund T, Thomsen PE. Prospective randomised trial of atrial versus ventricular pacing in sick-sinus syndrome. Lancet 1994 344 : 1523 1528.
6. Andersen HR, Nielsen JC, Thomsen PE, Thuesen L, Vesterlund T, Pedersen AK, Mortensen PT. Atrioventricular conduction during long-term follow-up of patients with sick sinus syndrome. Circulation 1998 98 : 1315 1321.
7. Masumoto H, Ueda Y, Kato R, Usui A, Maseki T, Takagi Y, Usui M. Long-term clinical performance of AAI pacing in patients with sick sinus syndrome: A comparison with dual-chamber pacing. Europace 2004 6 : 444 450.
8. Brandt J, Anderson H, Fahraeus T, Schuller H. Natural history of sinus node disease treated with atrial pacing in 213 patients: Implications for selection of stimulation mode. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992 20 : 633 639.
9. Morgan JM. Basics of cardiac pacing: Selection and mode choice. Heart 2006 92 : 850 854.
10. Lamas GA, Lee KL, Sweeney MO, Silverman R, Leon A, Yee R, Marinchak RA, et al. Ventricular pacing or dual-chamber pacing for sinus-node dysfunction. N Engl J Med 2002 346 : 1854 1862.
11. Sweeney MO, Bank AJ, Nsah E, Koullick M, Zeng QC, Hettrick D, Sheldon T, et al. Minimizing ventricular pacing to reduce atrial fibrillation in sinus-node disease. N Engl J Med 2007 357 : 1000 1008.
12. Connolly SJ, Sheldon R, Roberts RS, Gent M. The North American Vasovagal Pacemaker Study (VPS). A randomized trial of permanent cardiac pacing for the prevention of vasovagal syncope. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999 33 : 16 20.
13. Sutton R, Brignole M, Menozzi C, Raviele A, Alboni P, Giani P, Moya A. Dual-chamber pacing in the treatment of neurally mediated tilt-positive cardioinhibitory syncope: Pacemaker versus no therapy: A multicenter randomized study. The Vasovagal Syncope International Study (VASIS) Investigators. Circulation 2000 102 : 294 299.
14. Connolly SJ, Sheldon R, Thorpe KE, Roberts RS, Ellenbogen KA, Wilkoff BL, Morillo C, et al. Pacemaker therapy for prevention of syncope in patients with recurrent severe vasovagal syncope: Second Vasovagal Pacemaker Study (VPS II): A randomized trial. JAMA 2003 289 : 2224 2229.
15. Raviele A, Giada F, Menozzi C, Speca G, Orazi S, Gasparini G, Sutton R, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of permanent cardiac pacing for the treatment of recurrent tilt-induced vasovagal syncope. The vasovagal syncope and pacing trial (SYNPACE). Eur Heart J 2004 25 : 1741 1748.
16. Brignole M. International study on syncope of uncertain aetiology 3 (ISSUE 3): Pacemaker therapy for patients with asystolic neurally-mediated syncope: Rationale and study design. Europace 2007 9 : 25 30.
17. Abraham WT, Fisher WG, Smith AL, Delurgio DB, Leon AR, Loh E, Kocovic DZ, et al. Cardiac resynchronization in chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med 2002 346 : 1845 1853.
18. Bristow MR, Saxon LA, Boehmer J, Krueger S, Kass DA, De Marco T, Carson P, et al. Cardiac-resynchronization therapy with or without an implantable defibrillator in advanced chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med 2004 350 : 2140 2150.
19. Cleland JG, Daubert JC, Erdmann E, Freemantle N, Gras D, Kappenberger L, Tavazzi L. The effect of cardiac resynchronization on morbidity and mortality in heart failure. N Engl J Med 2005 352 : 1539 1549. (Pubitemid 40517094)
20. Guerra JM, Wu J, Miller JM, Groh WJ. Increase in ventricular tachycardia frequency after biventricular implantable cardioverter defibrillator upgrade. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2003 14 : 1245 1247.
21. Medina-Ravell VA, Lankipalli RS, Yan GX, Antzelevitch C, Medina-Malpica NA, Medina-Malpica OA, Droogan C, et al. Effect of epicardial or biventricular pacing to prolong QT interval and increase transmural dispersion of repolarization: Does resynchronization therapy pose a risk for patients predisposed to long QT or torsade de pointes? Circulation 2003 107 : 740 746.
22. Mykytsey A, Maheshwari P, Dhar G, Razminia M, Zheutlin T, Wang T, Kehoe R. Ventricular tachycardia induced by biventricular pacing in patient with severe ischemic cardiomyopathy. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2005 16 : 655 658.
23. Kantharia BK, Patel JA, Nagra BS, Ledley GS. Electrical storm of monomorphic ventricular tachycardia after a cardiac-resynchronization-therapy- defibrillator upgrade. Europace 2006 8 : 625 628.
24. Beshai JF, Grimm RA, Nagueh SF, Baker JH 2nd., Beau SL, Greenberg SM, Pires LA, et al. Cardiac-resynchronization therapy in heart failure with narrow QRS complexes. N Engl J Med 2007 357 : 2461 2471.
25. Chung ES, Leon AR, Tavazzi L, Sun JP, Nihoyannopoulos P, Merlino J, Abraham WT, et al. Results of the Predictors of Response to CRT (PROSPECT) trial. Circulation 2008 117 : 2608 2616.
26. Baker CM, Christopher TJ, Smith PF, Langberg JJ, Delurgio DB, Leon AR. Addition of a left ventricular lead to conventional pacing systems in patients with congestive heart failure: Feasibility, safety, and early results in 60 consecutive patients. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2002 25 : 1166 1171.
27. Kindermann M, Hennen B, Jung J, Geisel J, Bohm M, Frohlig G. Biventricular versus conventional right ventricular stimulation for patients with standard pacing indication and left ventricular dysfunction: The Homburg Biventricular Pacing Evaluation (HOBIPACE). J Am Coll Cardiol 2006 47 : 1927 1937.
28. Leon AR, Greenberg JM, Kanuru N, Baker CM, Mera FV, Smith AL, Langberg JJ, et al. Cardiac resynchronization in patients with congestive heart failure and chronic atrial fibrillation: Effect of upgrading to biventricular pacing after chronic right ventricular pacing. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002 39 : 1258 1263.
29. Delnoy PP, Ottervanger JP, Luttikhuis HO, Elvan A, Misier AR, Beukema WP, van Hemel NM. Comparison of usefulness of cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation and heart failure versus patients with sinus rhythm and heart failure. Am J Cardiol 2007 99 : 1252 1257.
30. Connolly SJ, Kerr CR, Gent M, Roberts RS, Yusuf S, Gillis AM, Sami MH, et al. Effects of physiologic pacing versus ventricular pacing on the risk of stroke and death due to cardiovascular causes. Canadian Trial of Physiologic Pacing Investigators. N Engl J Med 2000 342 : 1385 1391.
31. Toff WD, Camm AJ, Skehan JD. Single-chamber versus dual-chamber pacing for high-grade atrioventricular block. N Engl J Med 2005 353 : 145 155.
32. Healey JS, Toff WD, Lamas GA, Andersen HR, Thorpe KE, Ellenbogen KA, Lee KL, et al. Cardiovascular outcomes with atrial-based pacing compared with ventricular pacing: Meta-analysis of randomized trials, using individual patient data. Circulation 2006 114 : 11 17.
33. Dretzke J, Toff WD, Lip GY, Raftery J, Fry-Smith A, Taylor R. Dual chamber versus single chamber ventricular pacemakers for sick sinus syndrome and atrioventricular block. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004 : CD003710.
34. Wilkoff BL, Cook JR, Epstein AE, Greene HL, Hallstrom AP, Hsia H, Kutalek SP, et al. Dual-chamber pacing or ventricular backup pacing in patients with an implantable defibrillator: The dual chamber and VVI implantable defibrillator (DAVID) trial. JAMA 2002 288 : 3115 3123.
35. Hayes JJ, Sharma AD, Love JC, Herre JM, Leonen AO, Kudenchuk PJ. Abnormal conduction increases risk of adverse outcomes from right ventricular pacing. J Am Coll Cardiology 2006 48 : 1628 1633.
36. Naegeli B, Kurz DJ, Koller D, Straumann E, Furrer M, Maurer D, Minder E, et al. Single-chamber ventricular pacing increases markers of left ventricular dysfunction compared with dual-chamber pacing. Europace 2007 9 : 194 199.
37. Andersen HR, Nielsen JC, Thomsen PE, Thuesen L, Mortensen PT, Vesterlund T, Pedersen AK. Long-term follow-up of patients from a randomised trial of atrial versus ventricular pacing for sick-sinus syndrome. Lancet 1997 350 : 1210 1216.
38. Steinberg JS, Fischer A, Wang P, Schuger C, Daubert J, McNitt S, Andrews M, et al. The clinical implications of cumulative right ventricular pacing in the multicenter automatic defibrillator trial II. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2005 16 : 359 365.
39. Gardiwal A, Yu H, Oswald H, Luesebrink U, Ludwig A, Pichlmaier AM, Drexler H, et al. Right ventricular pacing is an independent predictor for ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation occurrence and heart failure events in patients with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. Europace 2008 10 : 358 363.
40. Sweeney MO, Ruetz LL, Belk P, Mullen TJ, Johnson JW, Sheldon T. Bradycardia pacing-induced short-long-short sequences at the onset of ventricular tachyarrhythmias: A possible mechanism of proarrhythmia? J Am Coll Cardiol 2007 50 : 614 622.
41. Viskin S, Glikson M, Fish R, Glick A, Copperman Y, Saxon LA. Rate smoothing with cardiac pacing for preventing torsade de pointes. Am J Cardiol 2000 86 (9A 111K 115K.
42. Wietholt D, Kuehlkamp V, Meisel E, Hoffmann E, Stellbrink C, Neuzner J, Seidl K, et al. Prevention of sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators - the PREVENT study. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2003 9 : 383 389.
43. Friedman PA, Jalal S, Kaufman S, Villareal R, Brown S, Hahn SJ, Lerew DR. Effects of a rate smoothing algorithm for prevention of ventricular arrhythmias: Results of the ventricular arrhythmia suppression trial (VAST). Heart Rhythm 2006 3 : 573 580.
44. Milasinovic G, Sperzel J, Smith TW, Mead H, Brandt J, Haisty WK, Bailey JR, et al. Reduction of RV pacing by continuous optimization of the AV interval. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2006 29 : 406 412.
45. Frohlig G, Gras D, Victor J, Mabo P, Galley D, Savoure A, Jauvert G, et al. Use of a new cardiac pacing mode designed to eliminate unnecessary ventricular pacing. Europace 2006 8 : 96 101.
46. Olshansky B, Day JD, Moore S, Gering L, Rosenbaum M, McGuire M, Brown S, et al. Is dual-chamber programming inferior to single-chamber programming in an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator? Results of the INTRINSIC RV (Inhibition of Unnecessary RV Pacing With AVSH in ICDs) study. Circulation 2007 115 : 9 16.
47. Sweeney MO, Ellenbogen KA, Casavant D, Betzold R, Sheldon T, Tang F, Mueller M, et al. Multicenter, prospective, randomized safety and efficacy study of a new atrial-based managed ventricular pacing mode (MVP) in dual chamber ICDs. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2005 16 : 811 817.
48. Zanon F, Baracca E, Aggio S, Pastore G, Boaretto G, Cardano P, Marotta T, et al. A feasible approach for direct his-bundle pacing using a new steerable catheter to facilitate precise lead placement. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2006 17 : 29 33.
49. Victor F, Mabo P, Mansour H, Pavin D, Kabalu G, de Place C, Leclercq C, et al. A randomized comparison of permanent septal versus apical right ventricular pacing: Short-term results. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2006 17 : 238 242.
50. de Cock CC, Giudici MC, Twisk JW. Comparison of the haemodynamic effects of right ventricular outflow-tract pacing with right ventricular apex pacing: A quantitative review. Europace 2003 5 : 275 278.
51. Stambler BS, Ellenbogen K, Zhang X, Porter TR, Xie F, Malik R, Small R, et al. Right ventricular outflow versus apical pacing in pacemaker patients with congestive heart failure and atrial fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2003 14 : 1180 1186.
52. Tse HF, Yu C, Wong KK, Tsang V, Leung YL, Ho WY, Lau CP. Functional abnormalities in patients with permanent right ventricular pacing: The effect of sites of electrical stimulation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002 40 : 1451 1458.
53. Gasparini M, Bocchiardo M, Lunati M, Ravazzi PA, Santini M, Zardini M, Signorelli S, et al. Comparison of 1-year effects of left ventricular and biventricular pacing in patients with heart failure who have ventricular arrhythmias and left bundle-branch block: The Bi vs Left Ventricular Pacing: An International Pilot Evaluation on Heart Failure Patients with Ventricular Arrhythmias (BELIEVE) multicenter prospective randomized pilot study. Am Heart J 2006 152 : 155 e151 e157.
54. De Lurgio DB, Foster E, Higginbotham MB, Larntz K, Saxon LA. A comparison of cardiac resynchronization by sequential biventricular pacing and left ventricular pacing to simultaneous biventricular pacing: Rationale and design of the DECREASE-HF clinical trial. J Card Fail 2005 11 : 233 239.
55. Sulke N, Silberbauer J, Boodhoo L, Freemantle N, Kamalvand K, O'Nunain S, Hildick-Smith D, et al. The use of atrial overdrive and ventricular rate stabilization pacing algorithms for the prevention and treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: The Pacemaker Atrial Fibrillation Suppression (PAFS) study. Europace 2007 9 : 790 797.
56. Carlson MD, Ip J, Messenger J, Beau S, Kalbfleisch S, Gervais P, Cameron DA, et al. A new pacemaker algorithm for the treatment of atrial fibrillation: Results of the Atrial Dynamic Overdrive Pacing Trial (ADOPT). J Am Coll Cardiol 2003 42 : 627 633.
57. de Voogt W, van Hemel N, de Vusser P, Mairesse GH, van Mechelen R, Koistinen J, Van Den Bos A, et al. No evidence of automatic atrial overdrive pacing efficacy on reduction of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Europace 2007 9 : 798 804.
58. Saksena S, Prakash A, Ziegler P, Hummel JD, Friedman P, Plumb VJ, Wyse DG, et al. Improved suppression of recurrent atrial fibrillation with dual-site right atrial pacing and antiarrhythmic drug therapy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002 40 : 1140 1150 discussion 1151-1142.
59. Lewicka-Nowak E, Kutarski A, Dabrowska-Kugacka A, Rucinski P, Zagozdzon P, Raczak G. A novel method of multisite atrial pacing, incorporating Bachmann's bundle area and coronary sinus ostium, for electrical atrial resynchronization in patients with recurrent atrial fibrillation. Europace 2007 9 : 805 811.
60. Crystal E, Connolly SJ, Sleik K, Ginger TJ, Yusuf S. Interventions on prevention of postoperative atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing heart surgery: A meta-analysis. Circulation 2002 106 : 75 80.
61. Lamas GA, Knight JD, Sweeney MO, Mianulli M, Jorapur V, Khalighi K, Cook JR, et al. Impact of rate-modulated pacing on quality of life and exercise capacity - evidence from the Advanced Elements of Pacing Randomized Controlled Trial (ADEPT). Heart Rhythm 2007 4 : 1125 1132.
62. Gadler F, Linde C, Daubert C, McKenna W, Meisel E, Aliot E, Chojnowska L, et al. Significant improvement of quality of life following atrioventricular synchronous pacing in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. Data from 1 year of follow-up. PIC study group. Pacing In Cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J 1999 20 : 1044 1050.
63. Kappenberger L, Linde C, Daubert C, McKenna W, Meisel E, Sadoul N, Chojnowska L, et al. Pacing in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. A randomized crossover study. PIC Study Group. Eur Heart J 1997 18 : 1249 1256.
64. Maron BJ, Nishimura RA, McKenna WJ, Rakowski H, Josephson ME, Kieval RS. Assessment of permanent dual-chamber pacing as a treatment for drug-refractory symptomatic patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. A randomized, double-blind, crossover study (M-PATHY). Circulation 1999 99 : 2927 2933.
65. Nishimura RA, Trusty JM, Hayes DL, Ilstrup DM, Larson DR, Hayes SN, Allison TG, et al. Dual-chamber pacing for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: A randomized, double-blind, crossover trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997 29 : 435 441.
66. Dorostkar PC, Eldar M, Belhassen B, Scheinman MM. Long-term follow-up of patients with long-QT syndrome treated with beta-blockers and continuous pacing. Circulation 1999 100 : 2431 2436.
67. Castro PF, Concepcion R, Bourge RC, Martinez A, Alcaino M, Deck C, Ferrada M, et al. A wireless pressure sensor for monitoring pulmonary artery pressure in advanced heart failure: Initial experience. J Heart Lung Transplant 2007 26 : 85 88.
68. Pamboukian SV, Smallfield MC, Bourge RC. Implantable hemodynamic monitoring devices in heart failure. Curr Cardiol Rep 2006 8 : 187 190.
69. Lee KL, Lau CP, Tse HF, Echt DS, Heaven D, Smith W, Hood M. First human demonstration of cardiac stimulation with transcutaneous ultrasound energy delivery: Implications for wireless pacing with implantable devices. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007 50 : 877 883.
70. Cho HC, Kashiwakura Y, Marban E. Creation of a biological pacemaker by cell fusion. Circ Res 2007 100 : 1112 1115.
71. Marban E, Cho HC. Creation of a biological pacemaker by gene- or cell-based approaches. Med Biol Eng Comput 2007 45 : 133 144.
72. Kashiwakura Y, Cho HC, Barth AS, Azene E, Marban E. Gene transfer of a synthetic pacemaker channel into the heart: A novel strategy for biological pacing. Circulation 2006 114 : 1682 1686.