Eye movements when reading spaced and unspaced Thai and English: A comparison of Thai-English bilinguals and English monolinguals

Journal of Memory and Language

Volumn 61, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 339-351

  Winskel, Heather ^a   Radach, Ralph ^b   Luksaneeyanawin, Sudaporn ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN SYDNEY   (Australia)

^b FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY   (Thailand)

Author keywords

Bilinguals; Eye movements; Interword spaces; Reading; Thai

Indexed keywords

EID: 69649087835     PISSN: 0749596X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2009.07.002     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Baayen, R. H., Piepenbrock, R., & Gulikers, L., (1995). The CELEX lexical database (Release 2) [CD-ROM]. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania, Linguistic Data Consortium.
2. Bai X., Yan G., Liversedge S.P., Zang C., and Rayner K. Reading spaced and unspaced Chinese text: Evidence from eye movements. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 34 (2008) 1277-1287
3. Bertram R., and Hyönä J. The length of a complex word modifies the role of morphological structure: Evidence from reading short and long Finnish compounds. Journal of Memory and Language 48 (2003) 615-634
4. Bertram R., Pollatsek A., and Hyönä J. Morphological parsing and the use of segmentation cues in reading Finnish compounds. Journal of Memory and Language 51 (2004) 325-345
5. Engbert R., Nuthmann A., Richter E., and Kliegl R. SWIFT: A dynamical model of saccade generation during reading. Psychological Review 112 (2005) 777-813
6. Genesee, F., Geva, E., Dressler, C., & Kamil, M. L. (2006). Synthesis: Cross-linguistic relationships. In D. August & T. Shanahan (Eds.), Developing literacy in second-language learners: Report of the National Literacy Panel on language-minority children and youth (pp. 153-183). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
7. Hsu S.-H., and Huang K.-C. Effects of word spacing on reading Chinese text from a video display terminal. Perceptual & Motor Skills 90 (2000) 81-92
8. Hsu S.-H., and Huang K.-C. Interword spacing in Chinese text layout. Perceptual & Motor Skills 91 (2000) 355-365
9. Hyönä J. Do irregular letter combinations attract readers' attention? Evidence from fixation locations in words. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 21 (1995) 68-81
10. Inhoff A.W., and Radach R. Definition and computation of oculomotor measures in the study of cognitive processes. In: Underwood G. (Ed). Eye guidance in reading and scene perception (1998), Elsevier, Oxford 29-54
11. Inhoff A.W., and Radach R. The role of spatial information in the reading of complex words. Comments on Theoretical Biology 7 (2002) 121-138
12. Inhoff A., Radach R., and Heller D. Complex compounds in German: Interword spaces facilitate segmentation but hinder assignment of meaning. Journal of Memory and Language 42 (2000) 23-50
13. Juhasz B.J., White S.J., Liversedge S.P., and Rayner K. Eye movements and the use of parafoveal word length information in reading. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 34 (2008) 1560-1579
14. Juhasz B.J., Inhoff A.W., and Rayner K. The role of interword spaces in the processing of English compound words. Language and Cognitive Processes 20 (2005) 291-316
15. Koda K. Reading and language learning: Cross-linguistic constraints on second language reading development. Language Learning 57 (2007) 1-44
16. Kohsom C., and Gobet F. Adding spaces to Thai and English: Effects on reading. Proceedings of the Cognitive Science Society 19 (1997) 388-393
17. Lee H.-W., Rayner K., and Pollatsek A. The relative contribution of consonants and vowels to word identification during reading. Journal of Memory and Language 44 (2001) 189-205
18. Luksaneeyanawin S. Thai word frequency based on two million word corpus of written genre texts (2004), Center for Research in Speech and Language Processing. Faculty of Arts. Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
19. McConkie G.W., Kerr P.W., Reddix M.D., and Zola D. Eye movement control during reading, I. The location of initial eye fixations on words. Vision Research 28 (1988) 1107-1118
20. Morris R.K., Rayner K., and Pollatsek A. Eye movement guidance in reading: The role of parafoveal letter and space information. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 16 (1990) 268-281
21. O'Reagan, J.K. (1990). Eye movements and reading. In E. Kowler (Ed.), Reviews of oculomotor research, vol. 4: Eye movements and their role in visual and cognitive processes (pp. 395-453). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
22. Perfetti C.A., Liu Y., Fiez J., Nelson J., Bolger D.J., and Tan L.-H. Reading in two writing systems: Accommodation and assimilation of the brain's reading network. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 10 (2007) 131-146
23. Pollatsek A., and Rayner K. Eye movement control in reading: The role of word boundaries. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 8 (1982) 817-833
24. Radach R., Inhoff A.W., and Heller D. Orthographic regularity gradually modulates saccade amplitudes in reading. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology 16 (2004) 27-51
25. Radach R., and Kennedy A. Theoretical perspectives on eye movements in reading. Past controversies, current deficits and an agenda for future research. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology 16 (2004) 3-26
26. Radach R., and McConkie G.W. Determinants of fixation positions in words during reading. In: Underwood G. (Ed). Eye guidance in reading and scene perception (1998), Elsevier, Oxford 77-100
27. Radach R., Reilly R., and Inhoff A.W. Models of oculomotor control in reading: Towards a theoretical foundation of current debates. In: van Gompel R., Fischer M., Murray W., and Hill R. (Eds). Eye movements: A window on mind and brain (2007), Elsevier, Oxford
28. Rayner K. Eye guidance in reading: Fixation locations in words. Perception 8 (1979) 21-30
29. Rayner K. Eye movements in reading and information processing: 20 years of research. Psychological Bulletin 124 (1998) 372-422
30. Rayner K., Fischer M.H., and Pollatsek A. Unspaced text interferes with both word identification and eye movement control. Vision Research 38 (1998) 1129-1144
31. Rayner K., Li X., Juhasz B.J., and Yan G. The effect of word predictability on the eye movements of Chinese readers. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 12 (2005) 1089-1093
32. Rayner K., Li X., and Pollatsek A. Extending the E-Z reader model of eye movement control to Chinese readers. Cognitive Science 31 (2007) 1021-1034
33. Reichle E.D., and Laurent P.A. Using reinforcement learning to understand the emergence of intelligent eye movement behaviour during reading. Psychological Review 113 (2006) 390-408
34. Reichle E.D., Rayner K., and Pollatsek A. The E-Z reader model of eye movement control in reading: Comparisons to other models. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 26 (2003) 445-476
35. Reilly, R. G., Radach, R., Corbic, D., & Luksaneeyanawin, S. (2005). Comparing reading in English and Thai - The role of spatial word unit segmentation in distributed processing and eye movement control. In Proceedings of the 13th European conference on eye movements, University of Bern, Switzerland, August 14-18, 2005.
36. Sainio M., Hyönä J., Bingushi K., and Bertram R. The role of interword spacing in reading Japanese: An eye movement study. Vision Research 47 (2007) 2575-2584
37. Spragins A.B., Lefton L.A., and Fischer D.F. Eye movements while reading and searching spatially transformed text: A developmental perspective. Memory & Cognition 4 (1976) 36-42
38. Tsai J.-L., and McConkie G.W. Where do Chinese readers send their eyes?. In: Hyönä J., Radach R., and Deubel H. (Eds). The mind's eye, cognitive and applied aspects of eye movement research (2003), Elsevier, Amsterdam
39. Wang J., Inhoff A.W., and Chen H.-C. Reading Chinese script. A cognitive analysis (1999), Erlbaum, Mahway, NJ
40. Winskel, H. (under review). Orthographic and phonological parafoveal processing of consonants, vowels, and tones when reading Thai. Applied Psycholinguistics.
41. Woodcock, R. W. (1998). Woodcock reading mastery test - Revised (WRMT-R). American Guidance Service.
42. Yan, M., Richter, E. M., Shu, H., & Kliegl, R. (2007). Reading Chinese script - The Beijing sentence corpus. In Paper presented at the 14th European conference on eye movements, Potsdam, Germany (August).
43. Yan G., Tian H., Bai X., and Rayner K. The effect of word and character frequency on the eye movements of Chinese readers. British Journal of Psychology 97 (2006) 259-268
44. Yang H.M., and McConkie G.W. Reading Chinese: Some basic eye movement characteristics. In: Wang J., Inhoff A., and Chen H.C. (Eds). Reading Chinese script: A cognitive analysis (1999), Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ 207-222