Observations of speciated atmospheric mercury at three sites in Nevada: Evidence for a free tropospheric source of reactive gaseous mercury

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

Volumn 114, Issue 14, 2009, Pages

  Weiss Penzias, Peter ^a   Gustin, Mae Sexauer ^b   Lyman, Seth N ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CONCENTRATION (PROCESS); OZONE; RURAL AREAS; TROPOSPHERE;

ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; BACK TRAJECTORIES; DEWPOINT TEMPERATURE; DIEL PATTERNS; FREE TROPOSPHERE; FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTIONS; HIGH ALTITUDE; INTERSITE CORRELATION; LONG RANGE TRANSPORT; NEVADA , USA; POINT SOURCES; REACTIVE GASEOUS; REACTIVE GASEOUS MERCURY; RESIDENCE TIME; WESTERN UNITED STATES;

MERCURY (METAL);

ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION; DIEL VARIATION; LONG RANGE TRANSPORT; MERCURY (ELEMENT); OZONE; POLLUTANT SOURCE; POLLUTANT TRANSPORT; SPECIATION (CHEMISTRY); TRAJECTORY;

EID: 68849111972     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2008JD011607     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Abbott, M., C.-J. Lin, P. Martian, and J. Einerson (2008), Atmospheric mercury near Salmon Creek Falls Reservoir in southern Idaho, Appl. Geochem., 23, 438-453, doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.12.012.
2. Caldwell, C. A., P. Swartzendruber, and E. Prestbo (2006), Concentration and dry deposition of mercury species in arid south central New Mexico (2001-2002), Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 7535-7540, doi:10.1021/es0609957.
3. Coolbaugh, M., M. S. Gustin, and J. Rytuba (2002), Annual emissions of mercury to the atmosphere from natural sources in Nevada and California, Environ. Geol., 42, 338-349, doi:10.1007/s00254-002-0557-4. (Pubitemid 36052993)
4. Draxler, R. R., and G. D. Hess (1997), Description of the Hysplit 4 modeling system, NOAA Tech. Memo. ERL ARL-224, 24 pp.
5. Engle, M. A., and M. S. Gustin (2002), Scaling of atmospheric mercury emissions from three naturally enriched areas: Flowery Peak, Nevada; Peavine Peak, Nevada; and Long Valley Caldera, California, Sci. Total Environ., 290, 91-104, doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(01)01068-3.
6. Engle, M. A., M. S. Gustin, and H. Zhang (2001), Quantifying natural source mercury emissions from the Ivanhoe Mining District, north-central Nevada, USA, Atmos. Environ., 35, 3987-3997, doi: 10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00184-4.
7. Gabriel, M. C., D. G. Williamson, S. Brooks, and S. Lindberg (2005), Atmospheric speciation of mercury in two contrasting southeastern US airsheds, Atmos. Environ., 39, 4947-4958.
8. Garside, L. J., and J. H. Schilling (1979), Thermal waters of Nevada, Nev. Bur. Mines Geol. Bull., 91, 163 pp.
9. Gustin, M. S., and J. Stamenkovic (2005), Mercury emissions from soils: Effect of watering and soil water content, Biogeochemistry, 76, 215-232, doi:10.1007/s10533-005-4566-8.
10. Gustin, M. S., et al. (2003), Atmospheric mercury emissions from mine wastes and surrounding geologically enriched terrains, Environ. Geol., 43, 339-351.
11. Hall, B. D., M. L. Olson, A. P. Rutter, R. R. Frontiera, D. P. Krabbenhoft, D. S. Gross, M. Yuen, T. M. Rudolph, and J. J. Schauer (2006), Atmospheric mercury speciation in Yellowstone National Park, Sci. Total Environ., 367, 354-366, doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.12.007. (Pubitemid 44067179)
12. Kaiser, A., H. Sheifinger, W. Spangl, A. Weiss, S. Gilge, W. Fricke, L. Ries, D. Cemas, and B. Jesenovec (2007), Transport of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and ozone to the Alpine Global Atmosphere Watch stations Jungfraujoch (Switzerland), Zugspitze and Hohenpeissenberg (Germany), Sonnblick (Austria) and Mt. Krvavec (Slovenia), Atmos. Environ., 41, 9273-9287, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv. 2007.09.027. (Pubitemid 350167532)
13. Kellerhals, M., et al. (2003), Temporal and spatial variability of total gaseous mercury in Canada: Results from the Canadian atmospheric Mercury Measurement Network (CAMNet), Atmos. Environ., 37, 1003-1011, doi:10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00917-2. (Pubitemid 36194468)
14. Krabbenhoft, D. P., B. A. Branfireun, and A. Heyes (2005), Biogeochemical cycles affecting the speciation, fate and transport of mercury in the environment, in Mercury-Sources, Measurements, Cycles and Effects, edited by M. B. Parsons and J. B. Percival, pp. 139-156, Mineral. Assoc. of Can., Ottawa, Ont., Canada.
15. Landis, M. S., R. K. Stevens, F. Schaedlich, and E. M. Prestbo (2002), Development and characterization of annular denuder methodology for the measurement of divalent inorganic reactive gaseous mercury in ambient air, Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 3000-3009, doi:10.1021/es015887t.
16. Landis, M. S., G. J. Keeler, K. I. Al-Wali, and R. K. Stevens (2004), Divalent inorganic reactive gaseous mercury emissions from a mercury cell chlor-alkali plant and its impact on near-field atmospheric dry deposition, Atmos. Environ., 38, 613-622, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.09.075.
17. Laurier, F., and R. Mason (2007), Mercury concentration and speciation in the coastal and open ocean boundary layer, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D06302, doi:10.1029/2006JD007320. (Pubitemid 46824908)
18. Lin, C.-H. (2008), Impact of downward-mixing ozone on surface ozone accumulation in Southern Taiwan, J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 58, 562-579.
19. Lin, C., and S. O. Pehkonen (1999), The chemistry of atmospheric mercury: A review, Atmos. Environ., 33, 2067-2079, doi:10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00387-2.
20. Lindberg, S. E., et al. (1999), Increases in mercury emissions from desert soils in response to rainfall and irrigation, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 21,879-21,888, doi:10.1029/1999JD900202.
21. Liu, B., G. J. Keeler, J. T. Dvonch, J. A. Barres, M. M. Lynam, F. J. Marsick, and J. T. Morgan (2007), Temporal variability of mercury speciation in urban air, Atmos. Environ., 41, 1911-1923, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.10.063. (Pubitemid 46150190)
22. Lyman, S. N., and M. S. Gustin (2008), Speciation of atmospheric mercury at two sites in northern Nevada, USA, Atmos. Environ., 42, 927-939, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.10.012.
23. Lynam, M. M., and G. J. Keeler (2005), Automated speciated mercury measurements in Michigan, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 9253-9262, doi:10.1021/es040458r.
24. Malcolm, E. G., G. J. Keeler, and M. S. Landis (2003), The effects of the coastal environment on the atmospheric mercury cycle, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D12), 4357, doi:10.1029/2002JD003084.
25. Nadim, F., C. Perkins, S. Liu, R. J. Carley, and G. E. Hoag (2001), Long term investigation of atmospheric Hg contamination in Connecticut, Chemosphere, 45, 1033-1043, doi:10.1016/S0045-6535(01)00011-X. (Pubitemid 32947767)
26. Pal, B., and P. A. Ariya (2004), Studies of ozone initiated reactions of gaseous mercury: Kinetics, product studies, and atmospheric implications, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 6, 572-579, doi:10.1039/b311150d.
27. Peterson, C., M. S. Gustin, and S. N. Lyman (2009), Atmospheric mercury concentrations and speciation measured from 2004 to 2007 in Reno, Nevada, USA, Atmos. Environ., doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.04.053, in press.
28. Poissant, L., M. Pilote, C. Beauvais, P. Constant, and H. H. Zhang (2005), A year of continuous measurements of three atmospheric mercury species (GEM, RGM and Hgp) in southern Québec, Canada, Atmos. Environ., 39, 1275-1287, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.11.007. (Pubitemid 40249387)
29. Schroeder, W. H., and J. Munthe (1998), Atmospheric mercury - an overview, Atmos. Environ., 32, 809-822, doi:10.1016/S1352-2310(97)00293-8.
30. Seigneur, C., K. Vijayaraghavan, K. Lohman, P. Karamchandani, and C. Scott (2004), Global source attribution for mercury deposition in the United States, Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 555-569, doi:10.1021/es034109t. (Pubitemid 38095487)
31. Selin, N. E., D. J. Jacob, R. J. Park, R. M. Yantosca, S. Strode, L. Jaeglé, and D. Jaffe (2007), Chemical cycling and deposition of atmospheric mercury: Global constraints from observations, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D02308, doi:10.1029/2006JD007450.
32. Selin, N. E., D. J. Jacob, R. M. Yantosca, S. Strode, L. Jaeglé, and E. M. Sunderland (2008), Global 3-D land-ocean-atmosphere model for mercury: Present-day versus preindustrial cycles and anthropogenic enrichment factors for deposition, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 22, GB2011, doi:10.1029/2007GB003040.
33. Sheu, G.-R., R. P. Mason, and N. M. Lawson (2002), Speciation and distribution of atmospheric mercury over the northern Chesapeake Bay, ACS Symp. Ser., 806, 223-242.
34. Sigler, J. M., and X. Lee (2006), Recent trends in anthropogenic mercury emission in the northeast United States, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D14316, doi:10.1029/2005JD006814.
35. Sillman, S. (2003), Tropospheric ozone and photochemical smog, in Environmental Geochemistry, Treatise on Geochem. Ser., vol.9, edited by B. S. Lollar, pp. 407-432, Elsevier, Oxford, U. K.
36. Sillman, S., F. J. Marsik, K. I. Al-Wali, G. J. Keeler, and M. S. Landis (2007), Reactive mercury in the troposphere: Model formation and results for Florida, the northeastern United States, and the Atlantic Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D23305, doi:10.1029/2006JD008227.
37. Slemr, F., R. Ebinghaus, P. G. Simmonds, and S. G. Jennings (2006), European emissions of mercury derived from long-term observations at Mace Head, on the western Irish coast, Atmos. Environ., 40, 6966-6974, doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.06.013. (Pubitemid 44416613)
38. Stamenkovic, J., S. N. Lyman, and M. S. Gustin (2007), Seasonal and diel variation of atmospheric mercury concentrations in the Reno (Nevada, USA) airshed, Atmos. Environ., 41, 6662-6672, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.04.015. (Pubitemid 47314323)
39. Stohl, A. (1998), Computation, accuracy and applications of trajectories - a review and bibliography, Atmos. Environ., 32, 947-966, doi:10.1016/S1352- 2310(97)00457-3.
40. Stohl, A., C. Forster, S. Eckhardt, N. Spichtinger, H. Huntrieser, J. Heland, H. Schlager, S. Wilhelm, F. Arnold, and O. Cooper (2003), A backward modeling study of intercontinental pollution transport using aircraft measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D12), 4370, doi:10.1029/2002JD002862. (Pubitemid 38143797)
41. Swartzendruber, P., D. A. Jaffe, E. M. Prestbo, J. E. Smith, P. Weiss-Penzias, N. E. Selin, D. J. Jacob, R. J. Park, S. Strode, and L. Jaegle (2006), Observations of reactive gaseous mercury at the Mt. Bachelor Observatory, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D24301, doi:10.1029/2006JD007415.
42. Temme, C., R. Ebinghaus, J. W. Einax, A. Steffen, and W. H. Schroeder (2004), Time series analysis of long-term data sets of atmospheric mercury concentrations, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 380, 493-501, doi:10.1007/s00216-004-2715- x.
43. Valente, R. J., C. Shea, K. Lynn Humes, and R. L. Tanner (2007), Atmospheric mercury in the Great Smoky Mountains compared to regional and global levels, Atmos. Environ., 41, 1861-1873, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.10.054.
44. Weiss-Penzias, P., D. Jaffe, A. McClintick, E. Prestbo, and M. Landis (2003), Gaseous elemental mercury in the marine boundary layer: Evidence for rapid removal in anthropogenic pollution, Environ. Sci. Technol., 37, 3755-3763, doi:10.1021/es0341081. (Pubitemid 37071584)
45. Weiss-Penzias, P., D. A. Jaffe, P. Swartzendruber, J. B. Dennison, D. Chand, W. Hafner, and E. Prestbo (2006), Observations of Asian air pollution in the free troposphere at Mount Bachelor Observatory during the spring of 2004, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D10304, doi:10.1029/2005JD006522. (Pubitemid 44043254)
46. Weiss-Penzias, P., D. A. Jaffe, P. Swartzendruber, W. Hafner, D. Chand, and E. Prestbo (2007), Quantifying Asian and biomass burning sources of mercury using the Hg/CO ratio in pollution plumes observed at the Mount Bachelor Observatory, Atmos. Environ., 41, 4366-4379, doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.01. 058. (Pubitemid 46777417)