How retirees work: Predictors of different types of bridge employment

Journal of Organizational Behavior

Volumn 30, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 401-425

  Gobeski, Kirsten T ^a   Beehr, Terry A ^a  

^a CENTRAL MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 67749129079     PISSN: 08943796     EISSN: 10991379     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/job.547     Document Type: Article

References (79)

1. Adams, G. A. (1999). Career-related variables and planned retirement age: An extension of Beehr's model. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 55, 221-235.
2. Adams, G. A., & Beehr, T. A. (1998). Turnover and retirement: A comparison of their similarities and differences. Personnel Psychology, 51, 643-665.
3. Adams, G. A., & Rau, B. L. (2004). Job seeking among retirees seeking bridge employment. Personnel Psychology, 57, 719-744.
4. Atchley, R. C. (1977). The social forces in later life (2nd ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
5. Atchley, R. C. (1989). A continuity theory of normal aging. The Gerontologist, 29, 183-190.
6. Atchley, R. C. (1999). Continuity and adaptation in aging: Creating positive experiences. Baltimore, MD: John Hopkins University Press.
7. Banks, M., Clegg, C., Jackson, P., Kemp, N., Stafford, E., & Wall, T. (1980). The use of the general health questionnaire as an indicator of mental health in occupational studies. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 53, 187-194.
8. Bass, S. A. (2005). New models for post-retirement employment. In P. T. Beatty, & R. M. S. Visser (Eds.), Thriving on an aging workforce: Strategies for organizational and systematic change (pp. 161-169). Malabar, FL: Krieger.
9. Beehr, T. A. (1986). The process of retirement: A review and recommendation for future investigation. Personnel Psychology, 39, 31-55.
10. Beehr, T. A., Glaser, K. M., Canali, K. G., & Wallwey, D. A. (2001). Back to basics: Re-examination of demandcontrol theory of occupational stress. Work and Stress, 15, 115-130.
11. Beehr, T. A., Glazer, S., Nielson, N. L., & Farmer, S. J. (2000). Work and nonwork predictors of employees' retirement ages. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 57, 206-225.
12. Beehr, T. A., & Nielson, N. L. (1995). Descriptions of job characteristics and retirement activities during the transition to retirement. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 16, 681-690.
13. Bell, B. D. (1978-1979). Life satisfaction and occupational retirement beyond the impact year. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 9, 31-50.
14. Bennett, M. M., Beehr, T. A., & Lepisto, L. R. (2005, April). Working after retirement: Predictors of bridge employment. Poster Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Los Angeles.
15. Blau, G. (1985). The measurement and prediction of career commitment. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 58, 277-288.
16. Blau, G. (2003). Testing for a four-dimensional structure of occupational commitment. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 76, 469-488.
17. Blau, G., & Ryan, J. (1997). On measuring work ethic: A neglected work commitment facet. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 51, 435-448.
18. Blood, M. R. (1969). Work values and job satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 53, 456-459.
19. Borawski, E. A., Kinney, J. M., & Kahana, E. (1996). The meaning of older adults' health appraisals: Congruence with health status and determinant of mortality. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences, 51B, S157-S170.
20. Bowling, N. A., Watson, C. A., & Beehr, T. A. (2004, April). Situational and dispositional factors in job and life satisfaction. Paper Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Chicago.
21. Cahill, K. E., Giandrea, M. D., & Quinn, J. F. (2005). Are traditional retirements a thing of the past? New evidence on retirement patterns and bridge jobs. U.S. Department of Labor Working Paper 384. Washington DC: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
22. Davis, M. A. (2003). Factors related to bridge employment participation among private sector early retirees. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 63, 55-71.
23. DeMaris, A. (2003). Logistic regression. In J. A. Schinka (Ed.), Handbook of research methods in psychology (pp. 509-532). New York: Wiley.
24. Department of Labor. (2005). Occupational information network [O NET Online]. Retrieved 22 October 2005, from http://www.onetcenter.org
25. Doeringer, P. B. (1990). Bridges to retirement: Older workers in a changing labor market. Ithaca, NY: ILR Press.
26. Eaton, S. C. (2003). If you can use them: Flexibility policies, organizational commitment, and perceived performance. Industrial Relations, 42, 145-167.
27. Ellemers, N., de Gilder, D., & van den Heuvel, H. (1998). Career-oriented versus team-oriented commitment and behavior at work. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83, 717-730.
28. Feldman, D. C. (1994). The decision to retire early: A review and conceptualization. Academy of Management Review, 19, 285-311.
29. Gall, T. L., Evans, D. R., & Howard, J. (1997). The retirement adjustment process: Changes in the well-being of male retirees across time. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 52B, P110-P117.
30. George, L. K., Fillenbaum, G. G., & Palmore, E. (1984). Sex differences in the antecedents and consequences of retirement. Journal of Gerontology, 39, 364-371.
31. Goldberg, D. P. (1972). The detection of psychiatric illness by questionnaire: A technique for the identification and assessment of non-psychotic psychiatric illness. London: Oxford University Press.
32. Gustman, A. L., & Steinmeier, T. L. (1984). Partial retirement and the analysis of retirement behavior. Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 37, 403-415.
33. Hackman, J. R., & Oldham, G. R. (1975). Development of the job diagnostic survey. Journal of Applied Psychology, 60, 159-179.
34. Hackman, J. R., & Oldham, G. R. (1976). Motivation through the design of work: Test of a theory. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 16, 250-279.
35. Hanisch, K. A., & Hulin, C. L. (1990). Job attitudes and organizational withdrawal: An examination of retirement and other voluntary withdrawal behaviors. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 37, 60-78.
36. Hansson, R. O., DeKoekkoek, P. D., Neece, W. M., & Patterson, D. W. (1997). Successful aging at work: Annual review, 1992-1996, the older worker and transitions to retirement. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 51, 202-233.
37. Haveman, H. A., & Cohen, L. E. (1994). The ecological dynamics of careers: The impact of organizational founding, dissolution, and merger on job mobility. American Journal of Sociology, 100, 104-152.
38. Heindel, R. A., Adams, G. A., & Lepisto, L. (1999, April). Predicting bridge employment: A test of Feldman's (1994) hypothes. Poster Presented at the Annual Conference of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Atlanta, GA.
39. Holmes, T. H., & Rahe, R. H. (1967). The social readjustment scale. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 11, 213-218.
40. Kahn, R. L., & Byosiere, P. (1990). Stress in organizations. In M. D. Dunnette, & L. Hough (Eds.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology (pp. 571-650). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
41. Kasl, S. V. (1980). The impact of retirement. In C. L. Cooper, & R. Payne (Eds.), Current concerns in occupational stress (pp. 137-186). Chichester, England: Wiley.
42. Kim, H., & DeVaney, S. A. (2003). The expectation of partial retirement among family business owners. Family Business Review, 16, 199-210.
43. Kim, S., & Feldman, D. C. (2000). Working in retirement: The antecedents of bridge employment and its consequences for quality of life in retirement. Academy of Management Journal, 43, 1195-1210.
44. Lee, K., Carswell, J., & Allen, N. (2000). A meta-analytic review of occupational commitment: Relations with person and work-related variables. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, 799-811.
45. Lerner, R. M. (2002). Concepts and theories of human development (3rd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
46. Levinson, D. J. (1986). A conception of adult development. American Psychologist, 41, 3-13.
47. McCune, J. T., & Schmitt, N. (1981). The relationship between job attitudes and the decision to retire. Academy of Management Journal, 24, 795-802.
48. Midanik, L. T., Soghikian, K., Ransom, L. J., & Tekawa, I. S. (1995). The effect of retirement on mental health and health behaviors: The Kaiser permanent retirement study. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences, 50B, S59-S61.
49. Morrow, P. (1983). Concept redundancy in organizational research: The case of work commitment. Academy of Management Review, 8, 486-500.
50. Parnes, H. S., & Sommers, D. G. (1994). Shunning retirement: Work experience of men in their seventies and early eighties. Journal of Gerontology, 49, 117-124.
51. Pienta, A. M., & Hayward, M. D. (2002). Who expects to continue working after age 62? The retirement plans of couples. Journal of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 57, S199-S208.
52. Quick, H. E., & Moen, P. (1998). Gender, employment, and retirement quality: A life course approach to the differential experiences of men and women. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 3, 44-64.
53. Quinn, J. F. (1977). Microeconomic determinants of early retirement: A cross-sectional view of white married men. Journal of Human Resources, 12, 329-346.
54. Quinn, J. F., & Kozy, M. (1996). The role of bridge jobs in the retirement transition: Gender, race, and ethnicity. The Gerontologist, 36, 363-372.
55. Raymo, J. M., Liang, J., Sugisawa, H., Kobayashi, E., & Sugihara, Y. (2004). Work at older ages in Japan: Variation by gender and employment status. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 59B, S154-S163.
56. Raymo, J. M., & Sweeney, M. M. (2006). Work-family conflict and retirement preferences. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences, 61B, S161-S169.
57. Reitzes, D. C., Mutran, E. J., & Fernandez, M. E. (1998). The decision to retire: A career perspective. Social Science Quarterly, 79, 607-619.
58. Richardson, V., & Kilty, K. M. (1991). Adjustment to retirement: Continuity vs. discontinuity. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 33, 151-169.
59. Ruhm, C. J. (1989). Why older Americans stop working. The Gerontologist, 29, 294-299.
60. Ruhm, C. J. (1990). Bridge jobs and partial retirement. Journal of Labor Economics, 8, 482-501.
61. Ruhm, C. J. (1994). Bridge employment and job stopping: Evidence from the Harris/commonwealth fund survey. Journal of Aging and Social Policy, 6, 73-99.
62. Schmidt, J. A., & Lee, K. (2006). May). Voluntary retirement and organizational turnover intentions: Differential associations with commitment constructs in work and non-work settings. Paper Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Dallas, TX.
63. Shultz, K. S. (2003). Bridge employment: Work after retirement. In G. A. Adams, & T. A. Beehr (Eds.), Retirement: Reasons, processes, and results (pp. 214-241). New York: Springer Publishing Company.
64. Shultz, K. S., & Wang, M. (2007). The changing nature of mid and late careers. In C. Wankel (Ed.), 21st Century management: A reference handbook. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
65. Sterns, H. L., & Sterns, A. A. (2005). Past and future directions for career development theory. In P. T. Beatty, & R. M. S. Visser (Eds.), Thriving on an aging workforce: Strategies fororganizational and systematic change (pp. 81-91).Malabar, FL: Krieger.
66. Sterns, H. L., & Subich, L. M. (2005). Counseling for retirement. In S. D. Brown, & R. W. Lent (Eds.), Career development and counseling (pp. 506-521). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
67. Stetz, T. A., & Beehr, T. A. (2000). Organizations' environment and retirement: The relationship between women's retirement, environmental munificence, dynamism, and local unemployment rate. Journal of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 55B, S213-S221.
68. Super, D. E. (1957). Psychology and careers. New York: Harper & Row.
69. Survey reveals hiring trends for 2008. (30 December 2007). Waterloo Courier, p. D10.
70. Switzer III, F. S., & Roth, P. L. (2002). Coping with missing data. In S. G. Rogelberg (Ed.), Handbook of research methods in industrial and organizational psychology (pp. 310-323). Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.
71. Szinovacz, M. E., DeViney, S., & Davey, A. (2001). Influences of family obligations and relationships on retirement: Variations by gender, race, and marital status. Journal of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 56, S20-S27.
72. Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (1999). Using multivariate statistics (4th ed.) Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
73. Talaga, J. A., & Beehr, T. A. (1995). Are there gender differences in predicting retirement decisions? Journal of Applied Psychology, 80, 16-28.
74. Timmerman, S. (2000). Earlier retirement or longer worklife? Myths, realities, and predictions. Journal of Financial Service Professionals, 54, 34-39.
75. Wang, M. (2007). Profiling retirees in the retirement transition and adjustment process: Examining the longitudinal change patterns of retirees' psychological well-being. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 455-474.
76. Warr, P., Cook, J., & Wall, T. (1979). Scales for the measurement of some work attitudes and aspects of psychological well-being. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 52, 129-148.
77. Weckerle, J. R., & Shultz, K. S. (1999). Influences on the bridge employment decision among older USAworkers. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 72, 317-329.
78. Weiss, H. M., Nicholas, J. P., & Daus, C. S. (1999). An examination of the joint effects of affective experiences and job beliefs on job satisfaction and variations of affective experiences over time. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 78, 1-24.
79. Wolf, G., London, M., Casey, J., & Pufahl, J. (1995). Career experience and motivation as predictors of training behaviors and outcomes for displaced engineers. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 47, 316-331.