Chronic lung disease and developmental delay at 2 years of age in children born before 28 weeks' gestation

Pediatrics

Volumn 124, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 637-648

  Laughon, Matthew ^a,i   O'Shea, Michael T ^b   Allred, Elizabeth N ^c,d,e   Bose, Carl ^a   Kuban, Karl ^f   Van Marter, Linda J ^c,e,g   Ehrenkranz, Richard A ^h   Leviton, Alan ^c,e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b WAKE FOREST SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^d HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^e BOSTON CHILDREN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^f BOSTON MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^g BRIGHAM AND WOMEN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^h YALE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

ⁱ UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA HOSPITALS   (United States)

Author keywords

Lung disease; Neurodevelopmental outcome; Prematurity; Preterm infant

Indexed keywords

CORTICOSTEROID DERIVATIVE;

ARTICLE; ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION; BACTEREMIA; CHILD; CHRONIC LUNG DISEASE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; GESTATIONAL AGE; HUMAN; LUNG DISEASE; LUNG EMPHYSEMA; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MENTAL DEVELOPMENT; NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS; PNEUMOTHORAX; PREMATURITY; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOMOTOR DEVELOPMENT; SINGLE PARENT;

BRONCHOPULMONARY DYSPLASIA; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; COHORT STUDIES; DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HUMANS; INFANT; INFANT, EXTREMELY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT; INFANT, NEWBORN; INFANT, PREMATURE, DISEASES; MALE; MENTAL RETARDATION; NEUROLOGIC EXAMINATION; PREGNANCY; PREGNANCY TRIMESTER, SECOND; RISK FACTORS; STATISTICS AS TOPIC; UNITED STATES;

EID: 67749094888     PISSN: 00314005     EISSN: 10984275     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2008-2874     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. Vohr BR, Wright LL, Dusick AM, et al. Neurodevelopmental and functional outcomes of extremely low birth weight infants in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network, 1993-1994. Pediatrics. 2000;105(6):1216-1226
2. Wood NS, Costeloe K, Gibson AT, Hennessy EM, Marlow N, Wilkinson AR. The EPICure study: associations and antecedents of neurological and developmental disability at 30 months of age following extremely preterm birth. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2005;90(2):F134-F140
3. Fily A, Pierrat V, Delporte V, Breart G, Truffert P. Factors associated with neurodevelopmental outcome at 2 years after very preterm birth: the population-based Nord-Pas-de-Calais EPIPAGE cohort. Pediatrics. 2006;117(2):357-366
4. Singer L, Yamashita T, Lilien L, Collin M, Baley J. A longitudinal study of developmental outcome of infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia and very low birth weight. Pediatrics. 1997;100(6):987-993
5. Hughes CA, O'Gorman LA, Shyr Y, Schork MA, Bozynski ME, McCormick MC. Cognitive performance at school age of very low birth weight infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 1999;20(1):1-8
6. Lewis BA, Singer LT, Fulton S, et al. Speech and language outcomes of children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. J Commun Disord. 2002;35(5):393-406
7. Singer LT, Siegel AC, Lewis B, Hawkins S, Yamashita T, Baley J. Preschool language outcomes of children with history of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and very low birth weight. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2001;22(1):19-26
8. Gray PH, O'Callaghan MJ, Rogers YM. Psychoeducational outcome at school age of preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. J Paediatr Child Health. 2004;40(3):114-120
9. Short EJ, Klein NK, Lewis BA, et al. Cognitive and academic consequences of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and very low birth weight: 8-year-old outcomes. Pediatrics. 2003;112(5). Available at: www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/ full/112/5/e359
10. Bozynski ME, Nelson MN, Matalon TA, et al. Prolonged mechanical ventilation and intracranial hemorrhage: impact on developmental progress through 18 months in infants weighing 1 200 grams or less at birth. Pediatrics. 1987;79(5):670-676
11. Laptook AR, O'Shea TM, Shankaran S, Bhaskar B, NICHD Neonatal Network. Adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes among extremely low birth weight infants with a normal head ultrasound: prevalence and antecedents. Pediatrics. 2005;115(3):673-680
12. Robertson CM, Etches PC, Goldson E, Kyle JM. Eight-year school performance, neurodevelopmental, and growth outcome of neonates with bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a comparative study. Pediatrics. 1992;89(3):365-372
13. Anderson PJ, Doyle LW. Neurodevelopmental outcome of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Semin Perinatol. 2006;30(4):227-232
14. Ehrenkranz RA, Walsh MC, Vohr BR, et al. Validation of the National Institutes of Health consensus definition of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Pediatrics. 2005;116(6):1353-1360
15. Short EJ, Kirchner HL, Asaad GR, et al. Developmental sequelae in preterm infants having a diagnosis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia: analysis using a severity-based classification system. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2007;161(11):1082-1087
16. Jeng SF, Hsu CH, Tsao PN. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia predicts adverse developmental and clinical outcomes in very-low-birth weight infants. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2008;50(1):51-57
17. Marshall DD, Kotelchuck M, Young TE, et al. Risk factors for chronic lung disease in the surfactant era: a North Carolina population-based study of very low birth weight infants. Pediatrics. 1999;104(6):1345-1350
18. Van Marter LJ, Dammann O, Allred EN, et al. Chorioamnionitis, mechanical ventilation, and post-natal sepsis as modulators of chronic lung disease in preterm infants. J Pediatr. 2002;140(2):171-176
19. Schmidt B. Methylxanthine therapy for apnea of prematurity: evaluation of treatment benefits and risks at age 5 years in the international Caffeine for Apnea of Prematurity (CAP) trial. Biol Neonate. 2005;88(3):208-213
20. Schmidt B, Roberts RS, Davis P, et al. Long-term effects of caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity. N Engl J Med. 2007;357(19):1893-1902
21. Tyson JE, Wright LL, Oh W, et al. Vitamin A supplementation for extremely-low-birth-weight infants. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. N Engl J Med. 1999;340(25):1962-1968
22. Ambalavanan N, Tyson JE, Kennedy KA, et al. Vitamin A supplementation for extremely low birth weight infants: outcome at 18 to 22 months. Pediatrics. 2005;115(3). Available at: www.pediatrics. org/cgi/content/full/115/3/e249
23. Ritchie K, Carriere I, de Mendonca A, et al. The neuroprotective effects of caffeine: a prospective population study (the Three City Study). Neurology. 2007;69(6):536-545
24. Laughon M, Allred EN, Bose C, et al. Patterns of respiratory disease during the first 2 postnatal weeks in extremely premature infants. Pediatrics. 2009;123(4):1124-1131
25. Laughon M, Bose C, Allred E, et al. Factors associated with treatment for hypotension in extremely low gestational age newborns during the first postnatal week. Pediatrics. 2007;119(2):273-280
26. Bayley N. Bayley Scales of Infant Development. 2nd ed. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation; 1993
27. McElrath TF, Hecht JL, Dammann O, et al. Pregnancy disorders that lead to delivery before the 28th week of gestation: an epidemiologic approach to classification. Am J Epidemiol. 2008;168(9):980-989
28. Yudkin PL, Aboualfa M, Eyre JA, Redman CW, Wilkinson AR. New birth weight and head circumference centiles for gestational ages 24 to 42 weeks. Early Hum Dev. 1987;15(1):45-52
29. Richardson DK, Corcoran JD, Escobar GJ, Lee SK. SNAP-II and SNAPPE-II: simplified newborn illness severity and mortality risk scores. J Pediatr. 2001;138(1):92-100
30. Committee for the Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity. An international classification of retinopathy of prematurity. Arch Ophthalmol. 1984;102(8):1130-1134
31. Kliegman RM, Walsh MC. Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: pathogenesis, classification, and spectrum of illness. Curr Probl Pediatr. 1987;17(4):213-288
32. Teele R, Share J. Ultrasonography of Infants and Children. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 1991
33. Kuban K, Adler I, Allred EN, et al. Observer variability assessing US scans of the preterm brain: the ELGAN study. Pediatr Radiol. 2007;37(12):1201-1208
34. Kuban KC, O'Shea M, Allred E, et al. Video and CD-ROM as a training tool for performing neurologic examinations of 1-year-old children in a multicenter epidemiologic study. J Child Neurol. 2005;20(10):829-831
35. Palisano R, Rosenbaum P, Walter S, Russell D, Wood E, Galuppi B. Development and reliability of a system to classify gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1997;39(4):214-223
36. Sparrow S, Balla D, Cicchetti D. Vineland Adaptive Behavioral Scales. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service; 1984
37. Dales LG, Ury HK. An improper use of statistical significance testing in studying covariables. Int J Epidemiol. 1978;7(4):373-375
38. Leviton A, Pagano M, Kuban KC, Krishnamoorthy KS, Sullivan KF, Allred EN. The epidemiology of germinal matrix hemorrhage during the first half-day of life. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1991;33(2):138-145
39. Leviton A, Kuban KC, Van Marter L, Pagano M, Allred EN. Antenatal corticosteroids appear to reduce the risk of postnatal germinal matrix hemorrhage in intubated low birth weight newborns. Pediatrics. 1993;91(6):1083-1088
40. Leviton A, Paneth N, Reuss ML, et al. Hypothyroxinemia of prematurity and the risk of cerebral white matter damage. J Pediatr. 1999;134(6):706-711
41. Leviton A, Dammann O, Allred EN, et al. Antenatal corticosteroids and cranial ultrasound abnormalities. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1999;181(4):1007-1017
42. Leviton A, Paneth N, Reuss ML, et al. Maternal infection, fetal inflammatory response, and brain damage in very low birth weight infants. Pediatr Res. 1999;46(5):566-575
43. Begg MD, Parides MK. Separation of individual-level and cluster-level covariate effects in regression analysis of correlated data. Stat Med. 2003;22(16):2591-2602
44. Kitchen WH, Rickards AL, Ford GW, Doyle LW, Kelly E, Ryan MM. Selective improvement in cognitive test scores of extremely low birth weight infants aged between 2 and 5 years. Aust Paediatr J. 1989;25(5):288-291
45. Hack M, Taylor HG, Drotar D, et al. Poor predictive validity of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development for cognitive function of extremely low birth weight children at school age. Pediatrics. 2005;116(2):333-341
46. Rumeau-Rouquette C, Grandjean H, Cans C, du Mazaubrun C, Verrier A. Prevalence and time trends of disabilities in school-aged children. Int J Epidemiol. 1997;26(1):137-145
47. Walsh MC, Morris BH, Wrage LA, et al. Extremely low birth weight neonates with protracted ventilation: mortality and 18-month neurodevelopmental outcomes. J Pediatr. 2005;146(6):798-804
48. Dammann O, Allred EN, Van Marter LJ, Dammann CE, Leviton A. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is not associated with ultrasound-defined cerebral white matter damage in preterm newborns. Pediatr Res. 2004;55(2):319-325
49. Hintz SR, O'Shea M. Neuroimaging and neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants. Semin Perinatol. 2008;32(1):11-19
50. O'Shea TM, Kuban KC, Allred EN, et al. Neonatal cranial ultrasound lesions and developmental delays at 2 years of age among extremely low gestational age children. Pediatrics. 2008;122(3). Available at: www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/122/3/e662
51. Stoll BJ, Hansen NI, Adams-Chapman I, et al. Neurodevelopmental and growth impairment among extremely low-birth-weight infants with neonatal infection. JAMA. 2004;292(19):2357-2365
52. Hintz SR, Kendrick DE, Stoll BJ, et al. Neurodevelopmental and growth outcomes of extremely low birth weight infants after necrotizing enterocolitis. Pediatrics. 2005;115(3):696-703
53. Shah DK, Doyle LW, Anderson PJ, et al. Adverse neurodevelopment in preterm infants with postnatal sepsis or necrotizing enterocolitis is mediated by white matter abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging at term. J Pediatr. 2008;153(2):170-175
54. Glass HC, Bonifacio SL, Chau V, et al. Recurrent postnatal infections are associated with progressive white matter injury in premature infants. Pediatrics. 2008;122(2):299-305
55. Ford H, Watkins S, Reblock K, Rowe M. The role of inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide in the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis. J Pediatr Surg. 1997;32(2):275-282
56. Amer MD, Hedlund E, Rochester J, Caplan MS. Platelet-activating factor concentration in the stool of human newborns: effects of enteral feeding and neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. Biol Neonate. 2004;85(3):159-166
57. Lin HC, Hsu CH, Chen HL, et al. Oral probiotics prevent necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight preterm infants: a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial. Pediatrics. 2008;122(4):693-700
58. Sisk PM, Lovelady CA, Dillard RG, Gruber KJ, O'Shea TM. Early human milk feeding is associated with a lower risk of necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants. J Perinatol. 2007;27(7):428-433
59. Vohr BR, Poindexter BB, Dusick AM, et al. Beneficial effects of breast milk in the neonatal intensive care unit on the developmental outcome of extremely low birth weight infants at 18 months of age. Pediatrics. 2006;118(1). Available at: www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/118/1/e115
60. Grégoire MC, Lefebvre F, Glorieux J. Health and developmental outcomes at 18 months in very preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Pediatrics. 1998;101(5):856-860
61. Kramer BW, Ikegami M, Jobe AH. Intratracheal endotoxin causes systemic inflammation in ventilated preterm lambs. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;165(4):463-469
62. Leonard CH, Clyman RI, Piecuch RE, Juster RP, Ballard RA, Behle MB. Effect of medical and social risk factors on outcome of prematurity and very low birth weight. J Pediatr. 1990;116(4):620-626
63. Weisglas-Kuperus N, Baerts W, Smrkovsky M, Sauer PJ. Effects of biological and social factors on the cognitive development of very low birth weight children. Pediatrics. 1993;92(5):658-665
64. Wang LW, Wang ST, Huang CC. Preterm infants of educated mothers have better outcome. Acta Paediatr. 2008;97(5):568-573
65. Walker AM. Confounding by indication. Epidemiology. 1996;7(4):335-336
66. Lorenz JM, Paneth N, Jetton JR, den Ouden L, Tyson JE. Comparison of management strategies for extreme prematurity in New Jersey and the Netherlands: outcomes and resource expenditure. Pediatrics. 2001;108(6):1269-1274
67. Arnold CC, Kramer MS, Hobbs CA, McLean FH, Usher RH. Very low birth weight: a problematic cohort for epidemiologic studies of very small or immature neonates. Am J Epidemiol. 1991;134(6):604-613
68. Sackett DL. Bias in analytic research. J Chronic Dis. 1979;32(1-2):51-63