메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 16, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 28-32

Safety in critical care and pulmonary medicine: Should ventilator- associated pneumonia be a quality indicator for patient safety?

Author keywords

Care bundles; Infection control; Intensive care unit; Prevention; Safety; Ventilator associated pneumonia

Indexed keywords

BACTEREMIA; CATHETER INFECTION; COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; HEALTH CARE COST; HEALTH CARE QUALITY; HOSPITAL INFECTION; HUMAN; INFECTION CONTROL; INFECTION PREVENTION; INTENSIVE CARE; INTENSIVE CARE UNIT; MEDICAL EDUCATION; PATIENT SAFETY; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; VENTILATOR ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA;

EID: 67650364044     PISSN: 10680640     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/CPM.0b013e3181940508     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (8)

References (74)
  • 1
    • 23844432611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The critical care safety study: The incidence and nature of adverse events and serious medical errors in intensive care
    • Rotschild JM, Landringan CP, Cronin JW, et al. The critical care safety study: the incidence and nature of adverse events and serious medical errors in intensive care. Crit Care Med. 2005;33:1694-1700.
    • (2005) Crit Care Med , vol.33 , pp. 1694-1700
    • Rotschild, J.M.1    Landringan, C.P.2    Cronin, J.W.3
  • 2
    • 0030790808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preventable adverse drug events in hospitalized patients: A comparative study of intensive care and general care units
    • Cullen DJ, Sweitzer B, Bates DW, et al. Preventable adverse drug events in hospitalized patients: a comparative study of intensive care and general care units. Crit Care Med. 1997;25:1289-1297.
    • (1997) Crit Care Med , vol.25 , pp. 1289-1297
    • Cullen, D.J.1    Sweitzer, B.2    Bates, D.W.3
  • 3
    • 33646037385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patient-safety and quality initiatives in the intensive care unit
    • Winters B, Dorman T. Patient-safety and quality initiatives in the intensive care unit. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2006;19:140-145.
    • (2006) Curr Opin Anaesthesiol , vol.19 , pp. 140-145
    • Winters, B.1    Dorman, T.2
  • 4
    • 43549086432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The wisdom and justice of not paying for preventable complications
    • Pronovost PJ, Goeschel CA, Wachter RM. The wisdom and justice of not paying for "preventable complications." JAMA. 2008;299:2197-2199.
    • (2008) JAMA , vol.299 , pp. 2197-2199
    • Pronovost, P.J.1    Goeschel, C.A.2    Wachter, R.M.3
  • 5
    • 38749117240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic review: The evidence that publishing patient care performance data improves quality of care
    • Fung CH, Lim YW, Mattke S, et al. Systematic review: the evidence that publishing patient care performance data improves quality of care. Ann Intern Med. 2008;148:111-123.
    • (2008) Ann Intern Med , vol.148 , pp. 111-123
    • Fung, C.H.1    Lim, Y.W.2    Mattke, S.3
  • 6
    • 44249083470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The "3T's" road map to transform US healthcare: The "how" of high quality
    • Dougherty D, Conway PH. The "3T's" road map to transform US healthcare: the "how" of high quality. JAMA. 2008;299:2119-2121.
    • (2008) JAMA , vol.299 , pp. 2119-2121
    • Dougherty, D.1    Conway, P.H.2
  • 8
    • 0037434858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding and responding to adverse events
    • Vincent C. Understanding and responding to adverse events. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:1051-1056.
    • (2003) N Engl J Med , vol.348 , pp. 1051-1056
    • Vincent, C.1
  • 9
    • 38149006946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patient safety in the intensive care unit
    • Rodriguez-Paz JM, Dorman T. Patient safety in the intensive care unit. Clin Pulm Med. 2008;15:24-34.
    • (2008) Clin Pulm Med , vol.15 , pp. 24-34
    • Rodriguez-Paz, J.M.1    Dorman, T.2
  • 10
    • 85176624002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leape LL. Error in medicine. JAMA. 1994;272:1851-1857.
    • Leape LL. Error in medicine. JAMA. 1994;272:1851-1857.
  • 12
    • 33746909153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tracking progress in patient safety. An elusive target
    • Pronovost P, Miller M, Wachter R. Tracking progress in patient safety. An elusive target. JAMA. 2006;296:696-699.
    • (2006) JAMA , vol.296 , pp. 696-699
    • Pronovost, P.1    Miller, M.2    Wachter, R.3
  • 13
    • 9644303221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Managing infection in the critical care unit: How can infection control make the ICU safe?
    • Shulman L, Ost D. Managing infection in the critical care unit: how can infection control make the ICU safe? Crit Care Clin. 2005;21:111-128.
    • (2005) Crit Care Clin , vol.21 , pp. 111-128
    • Shulman, L.1    Ost, D.2
  • 14
    • 0037434515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infection control-a problem for patient safety
    • Burke JP. Infection control-a problem for patient safety. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:651-656.
    • (2003) N Engl J Med , vol.348 , pp. 651-656
    • Burke, J.P.1
  • 15
    • 33846569839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What is ventilator-associated pneumonia and why is it important?
    • Kollef MH. What is ventilator-associated pneumonia and why is it important? Respir Care. 2005;50:714-721.
    • (2005) Respir Care , vol.50 , pp. 714-721
    • Kollef, M.H.1
  • 16
    • 0037108791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hospital-onset infections: A patient-safety issue
    • Gerberding JL. Hospital-onset infections: a patient-safety issue. Ann Intern Med. 2002;137:665-670.
    • (2002) Ann Intern Med , vol.137 , pp. 665-670
    • Gerberding, J.L.1
  • 17
    • 0035680987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infection control in the ICU
    • Eggimann P, Pittet D. Infection control in the ICU. Chest. 2001;120:2059-2093.
    • (2001) Chest , vol.120 , pp. 2059-2093
    • Eggimann, P.1    Pittet, D.2
  • 18
    • 33747221847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decline in ICU adverse events, nosocomial infections and cost through a quality improvement initiative focusing on teamwork and culture change
    • Jain M, Miller L, Belt D, et al. Decline in ICU adverse events, nosocomial infections and cost through a quality improvement initiative focusing on teamwork and culture change. Qual Saf Health Care. 2006;15:235-239.
    • (2006) Qual Saf Health Care , vol.15 , pp. 235-239
    • Jain, M.1    Miller, L.2    Belt, D.3
  • 19
    • 8744306050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of an education program on the incidence of central venous catheter-associated bloodstream infection in a medical ICU
    • Warren DK, Zack JE, Mayfield JL, et al. The effect of an education program on the incidence of central venous catheter-associated bloodstream infection in a medical ICU. Chest. 2004;126:1612-1618.
    • (2004) Chest , vol.126 , pp. 1612-1618
    • Warren, D.K.1    Zack, J.E.2    Mayfield, J.L.3
  • 20
    • 23844542129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using a bundle approach to improve ventilator care process and reduce ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Resar R, Pronovost P, Haraden C, et al. Using a bundle approach to improve ventilator care process and reduce ventilator-associated pneumonia. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf. 2005;31:243-248.
    • (2005) Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf , vol.31 , pp. 243-248
    • Resar, R.1    Pronovost, P.2    Haraden, C.3
  • 21
    • 0034720504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of a prevention strategy targeted at vascular-access care on incidence of infections acquired in intensive care
    • Eggimann P, Harbarth S, Constantin MN, et al. Impact of a prevention strategy targeted at vascular-access care on incidence of infections acquired in intensive care. Lancet. 2000;355:1864-1868.
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.355 , pp. 1864-1868
    • Eggimann, P.1    Harbarth, S.2    Constantin, M.N.3
  • 22
    • 0034090864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections
    • Mermel LA. Prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections. Ann Intern Med. 2000;132:391-402.
    • (2000) Ann Intern Med , vol.132 , pp. 391-402
    • Mermel, L.A.1
  • 23
    • 0033606112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preventing catheter-related bacteriuria: Should we? Can we? How?
    • Saint S, Lipsky BA. Preventing catheter-related bacteriuria: should we? Can we? How? Arch Intern Med. 1999;159:800-808.
    • (1999) Arch Intern Med , vol.159 , pp. 800-808
    • Saint, S.1    Lipsky, B.A.2
  • 24
    • 18144442943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Education of physicians-in-training can decrease the risk for vascular catheter infection
    • Sherertz RJ, Ely EW, Westbrook DM, et al. Education of physicians-in-training can decrease the risk for vascular catheter infection. Ann Intern Med. 2000;132:641-648.
    • (2000) Ann Intern Med , vol.132 , pp. 641-648
    • Sherertz, R.J.1    Ely, E.W.2    Westbrook, D.M.3
  • 25
    • 0036606804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhancing the safety of critically ill patients by reducing urinary and central venous catheter-related infections
    • Saint S, Savel RH, Matthay MA. Enhancing the safety of critically ill patients by reducing urinary and central venous catheter-related infections. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;165:1475-1479.
    • (2002) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.165 , pp. 1475-1479
    • Saint, S.1    Savel, R.H.2    Matthay, M.A.3
  • 26
    • 5644300386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eliminating catheter-related bloodstream infections in the intensive care unit
    • Berenholtz SM, Pronovost PJ, Lipsett PA, et al. Eliminating catheter-related bloodstream infections in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Med. 2004;32: 2014-2020.
    • (2004) Crit Care Med , vol.32 , pp. 2014-2020
    • Berenholtz, S.M.1    Pronovost, P.J.2    Lipsett, P.A.3
  • 27
    • 33747721375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multicenter intervention to prevent catheter-associated bloodstream infections
    • Warren DK, Cosgrove SE, Diekema DJ, et al. A multicenter intervention to prevent catheter-associated bloodstream infections. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2006;27:662-669.
    • (2006) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.27 , pp. 662-669
    • Warren, D.K.1    Cosgrove, S.E.2    Diekema, D.J.3
  • 28
    • 0029940706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of intravascular surveillance and education program on rates of nosocomial bloodstream infections
    • Cohran J, Larson E, Roach H, et al. Effect of intravascular surveillance and education program on rates of nosocomial bloodstream infections. Heart Lung. 1996;25:161-164.
    • (1996) Heart Lung , vol.25 , pp. 161-164
    • Cohran, J.1    Larson, E.2    Roach, H.3
  • 29
    • 33845880922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An intervention to decrease catheter-related bloodstream infections in the ICU
    • Pronovost P, Needham D, Berenholtz S, et al. An intervention to decrease catheter-related bloodstream infections in the ICU. N Engl J Med. 2006;355: 2725-2732.
    • (2006) N Engl J Med , vol.355 , pp. 2725-2732
    • Pronovost, P.1    Needham, D.2    Berenholtz, S.3
  • 30
    • 30344451643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology and outcomes of health-care-associated pneumonia: Results from a large US database of culture-positive pneumonia
    • Kollef MH, Shorr A, Tabak YP, et al. Epidemiology and outcomes of health-care-associated pneumonia: results from a large US database of culture-positive pneumonia. Chest. 2005;3854-3862.
    • (2005) Chest , pp. 3854-3862
    • Kollef, M.H.1    Shorr, A.2    Tabak, Y.P.3
  • 31
    • 13644269309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the management of adults with hospital-acquired, ventilator-associated, and healthcare-associated pneumonia
    • The American Thoracic Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America Guideline Committee
    • The American Thoracic Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America Guideline Committee. Guidelines for the management of adults with hospital-acquired, ventilator-associated, and healthcare-associated pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005;171:388-416.
    • (2005) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.171 , pp. 388-416
  • 32
    • 0036924301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology and outcomes of ventilador-asociated pneumonia in a large US database
    • Rello J, Ollendorf DA, Oster G, et al. Epidemiology and outcomes of ventilador-asociated pneumonia in a large US database. Chest. 2002;122: 2115-2121.
    • (2002) Chest , vol.122 , pp. 2115-2121
    • Rello, J.1    Ollendorf, D.A.2    Oster, G.3
  • 33
    • 40849100127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of ventilator-associated pneumonia on the Canadian health care system
    • Muscedere JG, Martin CM, Heyland DK. The impact of ventilator-associated pneumonia on the Canadian health care system. J Crit Care Med. 2008;23: 5-10.
    • (2008) J Crit Care Med , vol.23 , pp. 5-10
    • Muscedere, J.G.1    Martin, C.M.2    Heyland, D.K.3
  • 34
    • 33746327777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia in adults: Sowing seeds of change
    • Craven D. Preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia in adults: sowing seeds of change. Chest. 2006;130:251-260.
    • (2006) Chest , vol.130 , pp. 251-260
    • Craven, D.1
  • 35
    • 2942755660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An educational intervention to reduce ventilator-associated pneumonia in an integrated health system: A comparison of effects
    • Babcock HM, Zack JE, Garrison T, et al. An educational intervention to reduce ventilator-associated pneumonia in an integrated health system: a comparison of effects. Chest. 2004;125:2224-2231.
    • (2004) Chest , vol.125 , pp. 2224-2231
    • Babcock, H.M.1    Zack, J.E.2    Garrison, T.3
  • 36
    • 33746257403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreasing ventilator associated pneumonia in a trauma ICU
    • Cocanour CS, Peninger M, Domonoske BD, et al. Decreasing ventilator associated pneumonia in a trauma ICU. J Trauma. 2006;61:122-129.
    • (2006) J Trauma , vol.61 , pp. 122-129
    • Cocanour, C.S.1    Peninger, M.2    Domonoske, B.D.3
  • 37
    • 0037453115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia: An evidence-based systematic review
    • Collard HR, Saint S, Matthay MA. Prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia: an evidence-based systematic review. Ann Intern Med. 2003;138: 494-501.
    • (2003) Ann Intern Med , vol.138 , pp. 494-501
    • Collard, H.R.1    Saint, S.2    Matthay, M.A.3
  • 38
    • 0036036434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why do physicians not follow evidence-based guidelines for preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia? A survey based on the opinions of an international panel of intensivists
    • Rello J, Lorente C, Bodi M, et al. Why do physicians not follow evidence-based guidelines for preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia? A survey based on the opinions of an international panel of intensivists. Chest. 2002; 122:656-661.
    • (2002) Chest , vol.122 , pp. 656-661
    • Rello, J.1    Lorente, C.2    Bodi, M.3
  • 39
    • 0344244905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nursing adherence with evidence-based guidelines for preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Ricart M, Lorente C, Diaz E, et al. Nursing adherence with evidence-based guidelines for preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia. Crit Care Med. 2003;31:2693-2696.
    • (2003) Crit Care Med , vol.31 , pp. 2693-2696
    • Ricart, M.1    Lorente, C.2    Diaz, E.3
  • 40
    • 34249718290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral care practices in intensive care units: A survey of 59 European ICUs
    • Rello J, Koulenti D, Blot S, et al. Oral care practices in intensive care units: a survey of 59 European ICUs. Intensive Care Med. 2007;33:1066-1070.
    • (2007) Intensive Care Med , vol.33 , pp. 1066-1070
    • Rello, J.1    Koulenti, D.2    Blot, S.3
  • 41
    • 3242747559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reducing ventilator-associated pneumonia rates through a staff education programme
    • Salahuddin N, Zafar A, Sukhyani L, et al. Reducing ventilator-associated pneumonia rates through a staff education programme. J Hosp Infect. 2004; 57:223-227.
    • (2004) J Hosp Infect , vol.57 , pp. 223-227
    • Salahuddin, N.1    Zafar, A.2    Sukhyani, L.3
  • 42
    • 27144552932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of the impact of the ventilator care bundle
    • Crunden E, Boyce C, Woodman H, et al. An evaluation of the impact of the ventilator care bundle. Nurs Crit Care. 2005;10:242-246.
    • (2005) Nurs Crit Care , vol.10 , pp. 242-246
    • Crunden, E.1    Boyce, C.2    Woodman, H.3
  • 43
    • 0031886820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by potentially drug-resistant bacteria
    • Trouillet JL, Chastre J, Vuagnat A, et al. Ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by potentially drug-resistant bacteria. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998;157:531-539.
    • (1998) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.157 , pp. 531-539
    • Trouillet, J.L.1    Chastre, J.2    Vuagnat, A.3
  • 44
    • 34547133731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Excess ICU mortality attributable to ventilator-associated pneumonia: The role of early vs late onset
    • Valles J, Pobo A, Garcia-Esquirrol O, et al. Excess ICU mortality attributable to ventilator-associated pneumonia: the role of early vs late onset. Intensive Care Med. 2007;33:1363-1368.
    • (2007) Intensive Care Med , vol.33 , pp. 1363-1368
    • Valles, J.1    Pobo, A.2    Garcia-Esquirrol, O.3
  • 45
    • 40549134135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in early and late-onset ventilator-associated pneumonia between surgical and trauma patients in a combined surgical or trauma intensive care unit
    • Hedrick TL, Smith RL, McElearney ST, et al. Differences in early and late-onset ventilator-associated pneumonia between surgical and trauma patients in a combined surgical or trauma intensive care unit. J Trauma. 2008;64:714-720.
    • (2008) J Trauma , vol.64 , pp. 714-720
    • Hedrick, T.L.1    Smith, R.L.2    McElearney, S.T.3
  • 46
    • 0037358550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of nurse staffing on adverse events, morbidity, mortality and medical costs
    • Cho SH, Ketefian S, Barkauskas VH, et al. The effects of nurse staffing on adverse events, morbidity, mortality and medical costs. Nurs Res. 2003;52: 71-79.
    • (2003) Nurs Res , vol.52 , pp. 71-79
    • Cho, S.H.1    Ketefian, S.2    Barkauskas, V.H.3
  • 47
    • 0037198432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nurse staffing levels and the quality of care in hospitals
    • Needleman J, Buerhaus P, Mattke S, et al. Nurse staffing levels and the quality of care in hospitals. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:1715-1722.
    • (2002) N Engl J Med , vol.346 , pp. 1715-1722
    • Needleman, J.1    Buerhaus, P.2    Mattke, S.3
  • 48
    • 0033890978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protocol weaning of mechanical ventilation in medical and surgical patients by respiratory care practitioners and nurses: Effect on weaning time and incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Marelich GP, Murin S, Battistella F, et al. Protocol weaning of mechanical ventilation in medical and surgical patients by respiratory care practitioners and nurses: effect on weaning time and incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Chest. 2000;118:459-467.
    • (2000) Chest , vol.118 , pp. 459-467
    • Marelich, G.P.1    Murin, S.2    Battistella, F.3
  • 49
    • 0030095189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of understaffing in central venous catheter-associated bloodstream infections
    • Fridkin SK, Pear SM, Williamson TH, et al. The role of understaffing in central venous catheter-associated bloodstream infections. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1996;17:150-158.
    • (1996) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.17 , pp. 150-158
    • Fridkin, S.K.1    Pear, S.M.2    Williamson, T.H.3
  • 50
    • 0033582186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compliance with handwashing in a teaching hospital
    • Pittet D, Mourouga P, Perneger TV. Compliance with handwashing in a teaching hospital. Ann Intern Med. 1999;130:126-130.
    • (1999) Ann Intern Med , vol.130 , pp. 126-130
    • Pittet, D.1    Mourouga, P.2    Perneger, T.V.3
  • 51
    • 0036852962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of an education program aimed at reducing the occurrence of ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Zack JE, Garrison T, Trovillion E, et al. Effect of an education program aimed at reducing the occurrence of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Crit Care Med. 2002;30:2407-2412.
    • (2002) Crit Care Med , vol.30 , pp. 2407-2412
    • Zack, J.E.1    Garrison, T.2    Trovillion, E.3
  • 52
    • 34250312479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) Report, data summary for 2006
    • Edwards JR, Peterson KD, Andrus ML, et al. National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) Report, data summary for 2006. Am J Infect Control. 2007;35:290-301.
    • (2007) Am J Infect Control , vol.35 , pp. 290-301
    • Edwards, J.R.1    Peterson, K.D.2    Andrus, M.L.3
  • 53
    • 46149123663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of VAP: The whole is more than the sum of its parts
    • Lisboa T, Kollef MH, Rello J. Prevention of VAP: the whole is more than the sum of its parts. Intensive Care Med. 2008;34:985-987.
    • (2008) Intensive Care Med , vol.34 , pp. 985-987
    • Lisboa, T.1    Kollef, M.H.2    Rello, J.3
  • 54
    • 35348993678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonpayment for performance? Medicare's new reimbursement rule
    • Rosenthal MB. Nonpayment for performance? Medicare's new reimbursement rule. N Engl J Med. 2007;357:1573-1575.
    • (2007) N Engl J Med , vol.357 , pp. 1573-1575
    • Rosenthal, M.B.1
  • 55
    • 34247149303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does this patient have ventilator-associated pneumonia?
    • Klompas M. Does this patient have ventilator-associated pneumonia? JAMA. 2007;297:1583-1593.
    • (2007) JAMA , vol.297 , pp. 1583-1593
    • Klompas, M.1
  • 56
    • 0028360248 scopus 로고
    • Causes of fever and pulmonary densities in patients with clinical manifestations of ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Meduri GU, Mauldin GL, Wunderink RG, et al. Causes of fever and pulmonary densities in patients with clinical manifestations of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Chest. 1994;106:221-235.
    • (1994) Chest , vol.106 , pp. 221-235
    • Meduri, G.U.1    Mauldin, G.L.2    Wunderink, R.G.3
  • 57
    • 38449103612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ventilator-associated pneumonia-the wrong quality measure for benchmarking
    • Klompas M, Platt R. Ventilator-associated pneumonia-the wrong quality measure for benchmarking. Ann Intern Med. 2007;147:803-805.
    • (2007) Ann Intern Med , vol.147 , pp. 803-805
    • Klompas, M.1    Platt, R.2
  • 58
    • 44449112637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial treatment for ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis: A randomized, controlled, multicenter study
    • Nseir S, Favory R, Jozefowicz E, et al. Antimicrobial treatment for ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis: a randomized, controlled, multicenter study. Crit Care. 2008;12:R62.
    • (2008) Crit Care , vol.12
    • Nseir, S.1    Favory, R.2    Jozefowicz, E.3
  • 59
    • 67650859667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis: Questions, answers and a new paradigm
    • Craven DE. Ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis: questions, answers and a new paradigm. Crit Care. 2008;12:157.
    • (2008) Crit Care , vol.12 , pp. 157
    • Craven, D.E.1
  • 60
    • 0027179181 scopus 로고
    • Pneumonia and ARDS in patients receiving mechanical ventilation: Diagnostic accuracy of chest radiograph
    • Winer-Muram HT, Rubin SA, Ellis JV, et al. Pneumonia and ARDS in patients receiving mechanical ventilation: diagnostic accuracy of chest radiograph. Radiology. 1993;188:479-485.
    • (1993) Radiology , vol.188 , pp. 479-485
    • Winer-Muram, H.T.1    Rubin, S.A.2    Ellis, J.V.3
  • 61
    • 0031902211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-resolution computed tomography for the diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia
    • Syrjala H, Broas M, Suramo I, et al. High-resolution computed tomography for the diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis. 1998; 27:358-363.
    • (1998) Clin Infect Dis , vol.27 , pp. 358-363
    • Syrjala, H.1    Broas, M.2    Suramo, I.3
  • 62
    • 0028874161 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of hospital-acquired pneumonia: Measuring effect in ounces, pounds, and tons
    • Craven D. Prevention of hospital-acquired pneumonia: measuring effect in ounces, pounds, and tons. Ann Intern Med. 1995;122:229-231.
    • (1995) Ann Intern Med , vol.122 , pp. 229-231
    • Craven, D.1
  • 63
    • 0031448925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implementation of bron-choscopic techniques in the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia to reduce antibiotic use
    • Bonten MJ, Bergmans DC, Stobberingh EE, et al. Implementation of bron-choscopic techniques in the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia to reduce antibiotic use. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997;156:1820-1824.
    • (1997) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.156 , pp. 1820-1824
    • Bonten, M.J.1    Bergmans, D.C.2    Stobberingh, E.E.3
  • 64
    • 38849176306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ventilator-associated pneumonia as a quality indicator for patient safety?
    • Uçkay I, Ahmed Q, Sax H, et al. Ventilator-associated pneumonia as a quality indicator for patient safety? Clin Infect Dis. 2008;46:557-563.
    • (2008) Clin Infect Dis , vol.46 , pp. 557-563
    • Uçkay, I.1    Ahmed, Q.2    Sax, H.3
  • 65
    • 42149109035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Profound effect of study design factors on ventilator-associated pneumonia incidence of prevention studies: Benchmarking the literature experience
    • Hurley JC. Profound effect of study design factors on ventilator-associated pneumonia incidence of prevention studies: benchmarking the literature experience. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2008;61:1154-1161.
    • (2008) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.61 , pp. 1154-1161
    • Hurley, J.C.1
  • 66
    • 42549158113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of misleading ventilator-associated pneumonia rates with use of standard clinical and microbiological criteria
    • Klompas M, Kuldorff M, Platt R. Risk of misleading ventilator-associated pneumonia rates with use of standard clinical and microbiological criteria. Clin Infect Dis. 2008;46:1443-1446.
    • (2008) Clin Infect Dis , vol.46 , pp. 1443-1446
    • Klompas, M.1    Kuldorff, M.2    Platt, R.3
  • 67
    • 1642525257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for preventing health-care associated pneumonia, 2003: Recommendations of CDC and the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee
    • Tablan O, Anderson L, Besser R, et al. Guidelines for preventing health-care associated pneumonia, 2003: recommendations of CDC and the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2004;53:1-36.
    • (2004) MMWR Recomm Rep , vol.53 , pp. 1-36
    • Tablan, O.1    Anderson, L.2    Besser, R.3
  • 68
    • 0034682246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Daily interruption of sedative infusions in critically ill patients undergoing mechanical ventilation
    • Kress J, Pohlman A, O'Connor MF, et al. Daily interruption of sedative infusions in critically ill patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:1471-1477.
    • (2000) N Engl J Med , vol.342 , pp. 1471-1477
    • Kress, J.1    Pohlman, A.2    O'Connor, M.F.3
  • 69
    • 0030056157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pneumonia in intubated patients: Role of respiratory airway care
    • Rello J, Sonora R, Jubert P, et al. Pneumonia in intubated patients: role of respiratory airway care. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1996;154:111-115.
    • (1996) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.154 , pp. 111-115
    • Rello, J.1    Sonora, R.2    Jubert, P.3
  • 70
    • 0033610663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Supine body position as a risk factor for nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients: A randomized trial
    • Drakulovic MB, Torres A, Bauer TT, et al. Supine body position as a risk factor for nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients: a randomized trial. Lancet. 1999;354:1851-1858.
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.354 , pp. 1851-1858
    • Drakulovic, M.B.1    Torres, A.2    Bauer, T.T.3
  • 71
    • 0028833778 scopus 로고
    • Continuous aspiration of subglottic secretions in preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Valles J, Artigas A, Rello J, et al. Continuous aspiration of subglottic secretions in preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia. Ann Intern Med. 1995;122:179-186.
    • (1995) Ann Intern Med , vol.122 , pp. 179-186
    • Valles, J.1    Artigas, A.2    Rello, J.3
  • 72
    • 4043130212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence-based clinical practice guideline for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Dodek P, Keenan S, Cook D, et al. Evidence-based clinical practice guideline for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Ann Intern Med. 2004;141:305-313.
    • (2004) Ann Intern Med , vol.141 , pp. 305-313
    • Dodek, P.1    Keenan, S.2    Cook, D.3
  • 73
    • 0037108543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of combined intravenous and topical antibiotic prophylaxis on the incidence of infections, organ dysfunctions, and mortality in critically ill surgical patients: A prospective, stratified, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
    • Krueger WA, Lenhart FP, Neeser G, et al. Influence of combined intravenous and topical antibiotic prophylaxis on the incidence of infections, organ dysfunctions, and mortality in critically ill surgical patients: a prospective, stratified, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;166:1029-1037.
    • (2002) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.166 , pp. 1029-1037
    • Krueger, W.A.1    Lenhart, F.P.2    Neeser, G.3
  • 74
    • 46149083336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized study of a silver-coated endotracheal tube to reduce the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • S
    • Kollef MH, Afessa B, Anzueto A, et al. Randomized study of a silver-coated endotracheal tube to reduce the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Intensive Care Med. 2007;suppl:S65.
    • (2007) Intensive Care Med , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 65
    • Kollef, M.H.1    Afessa, B.2    Anzueto, A.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.