Malaria diagnosis: A brief review

Korean Journal of Parasitology

Volumn 47, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 93-102

  Tangpukdee, Noppadon ^a   Duangdee, Chatnapa ^b   Wilairatana, Polrat ^a   Krudsood, Srivicha ^a  

^a MAHIDOL UNIVERSITY   (Thailand)

^b MAHIDOL UNIVERSITY   (Thailand)

Author keywords

Diagnosis; Malaria; Method; Plasmodium

Indexed keywords

AUTOMATION; BLOOD CELL COUNT; BLOOD SMEAR; DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE; FLOW CYTOMETRY; HUMAN; INFECTION CONTROL; LABORATORY TEST; MALARIA; MASS SPECTROMETRY; MICROARRAY ANALYSIS; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; SEROLOGY; SHORT SURVEY; ANIMAL; CYTOLOGY; GENETICS; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; PATHOLOGY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PLASMODIUM; REVIEW;

ANIMALS; HUMANS; MALARIA; PLASMODIUM;

EID: 67649973531     PISSN: 00234001     EISSN: 17380006     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2009.47.2.93     Document Type: Short Survey

References (91)

1. MMV website. Curing malaria together. [Accessed October 16, 208]. Available at: http://www.mmv.org
2. Pasvol G. Management of severe malaria: interventions and controversies. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2005; 19: 211-240.
3. World Health Organization. Guidelines for the treatment of malaria. 1st ed. Geneva, Switzerland. WHO. 2006, p 133-143.
4. Bell DR, Jorgensen P, Christophel EM, Palmer KL. Malaria risk: estimation of the malaria burden. Nature 2005; 437: E3-E4.
5. Reyburn H, Mbakilwa H, Mwangi R, Mwerinde O, Olomi R, Drakeley C, Whitty CJ. Rapid diagnostic tests compared with malaria microscopy for guiding outpatient treatment of febrile illness in Tanzania: randomised trial. BMJ 2007; 334: 403.
6. CDC website. Malaria Facts. [Accessed October 10, 2008]. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/facts.htm
7. Looareesuwan S. Malaria. In: Looareesuwan S, Wilairatana P eds, Clinical Tropical Medicine. 1st ed. Bangkok, Thailand. Medical Media. 1999, p 5-10.
8. Mwangi TW, Mohammed M, Dayo H, Snow RW, Marsh K. Clinical algorithms for malaria diagnosis lack utility among people of different age groups. Trop Med Int Health 2005; 10: 530-536.
9. Reyburn H, Mbatia R, Drakeley C, Carneiro I, Mwakasungula E, Mwerinde O, Saganda K, Shao J, Kitua A, Olomi R, Greenwood BM, Whitty CJ. Overdiagnosis of malaria in patients with severe febrile illness in Tanzania: a prospective study. BMJ 2004; 329: 1212.
10. McMorrow ML, Masanja MI, Abdulla SM, Kahigwa E, Kachur SP. Challenges in routine implementation and quality control of rapid diagnostic tests for malaria-Rufiji District, Tanzania. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2008; 79: 385-390.
11. Perkins BA, Zucker JR, Otieno J. Jafari HS, Paxton L, Redd SC, Nahlen BL, Schwartz B, Oloo AJ, Olargo C, Gove S, Campbell CC. Evaluation of an algorithm for integrated management of childhood illness in an area of Kenya with high malaria transmission. Bull World Health Organ 1997; 75: 33-42.
12. Weber MW, Mulholland EK, Jaffar S, Troedsson H, Gove S, Greenwood BM. Evaluation of an algorithm for the integrated management of childhood illness in an area with seasonal malaria in the Gambia. Bull World Health Organ 1997; 75: 25-32.
13. Tarimo DS, Minjas JN, Bygbjerg IC. Malaria diagnosis and treatment under the strategy of the integrated management of children illness (IMCI): relevance of laboratory support from the rapid immunochromatographic tests of ICT malaria P.f/P.v and OptiMAL. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 2001; 95: 437-444.
14. Kyabayinze DJ, Tibenderana JK, Odong GW, Rwakimari JB, Counihan H. Operational accuracy and comparative persistent antigenicity of HRP2 rapid diagnostic tests for Plasmodium falciparum malaria in a hyperendemic region of Uganda. Malar J 2008; 7: 221.
15. Bhandari PL, Raghuveer CV, Rajeev A, Bhandari PD. Comparative study of peripheral blood smear, quantitative buffy coat and modified centrifuged blood smear in malaria diagnosis. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2008; 51: 108-112.
16. Ngasala B, Mubi M, Warsame M, Petzold MG, Massele AY, Gustafsson LL, Tomson G, Premji Z, Bjorkman A. Impact of training in clinical and microscopy diagnosis of childhood malaria on antimalarial drug prescription and health outcome at primary health care level in Tanzania: a randomized controlled trial. Malar J 2008; 7: 199.
17. Tagbor H, Bruce J, Browne E, Greenwood B, Chandramohan D. Performance of the OptiMAL dipstick in the diagnosis of malaria infection in pregnancy. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2008; 4: 631-636.
18. Zerpa N, Paboν R, Wide A, Gavidia M, Medina M, Cáceres JL, Capaldo J, Baker M, Noya O. Evaluation of the OptiMAL test for diagnosis of malaria in Venezuela. Invest Clin 2008; 49: 93-101.
19. Ratsimbasoa A, Fanazava L, Radrianjafy R, Ramilijaona J, Rafanomezantsoa H, Ménard D. Evaluation of two new immunochromatographic assays for diagnosis of malaria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 208; 79: 670-672.
20. Endeshaw T, Gebre T, Ngondi J, Graves PM, Shargie EB, Ejigsemahu Y, Ayele B, Yohannes G, Teferi T, Messele A, Zerihun M, Genet A, Mosher AW, Emerson PM, Richards FO. Evaluation of light microscopy and rapid diagnostic test for the detection of malaria under operational field conditions: a household survey in Ethiopia. Malar J 2008; 7: 118.
21. Lee SW, Jeon K, Jeon BR, Park I. Rapid diagnosis of vivax malaria by the SD Bioline Malaria Antigen test when thrombocytopenia is present. J Clin Microbiol 2008; 46: 939-942.
22. Harvey SA, Jennings L, Chinyama M, Masaninga F, Mulholland K, Bell DR. Improving community health worker use of malaria rapid diagnostic tests in Zambia: package instructions, job aid and job aid-plus-training. Malar J 2008; 7: 160.
23. Holland CA, Kiechle FL. Point-of-care molecular diagnostic systems-past, present and future. Curr Opin Microbiol 2005; 8: 504-509.
24. Vo TK, Bigot P, Gazin P, Sinou V, De Pina JJ, Huynh DC, Fumoux F, Parzy D. Evaluation of a real-time PCR assay for malaria diagnosis in patients from Vietnam and in returned travelers. Trans R Soc Trop Med 2007; 101: 422-428.
25. Warhurst DC, Williams JE. Laboratory diagnosis of malaria. J Clin Pathol 1996; 49: 533-538.
26. Bharti AR, Patra KP, Chuquiyauri R, Kosek M, Gilman RH, Llanos-Cuentas A, Vinetz JM. Polymerase chain reaction detection of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum DNA from stored serum samples: implications for retrospective diagnosis of malaria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2007; 77: 444-446.
27. Chotivanich K, Silamut K, Day NPJ. Laboratory diagnosis of malaria infection-a short review of methods. Aust J Med Sci 2006; 27: 11-15.
28. Payne D. Use and limitations of light microscopy for diagnosing malaria at the primary health care level. Bull World Health Organ 1988; 66: 621-628.
29. Ohrt C, Purnomo, Sutamihardia MA, Tang D, Kain KC. Impact of microscopy error on estimates of protective efficacy in malaria prevention trials. J Infect Dis 2002; 186: 540-546.
30. Erdman LK, Kain KC. Molecular diagnostic and surveillance tools for global malaria control. Travel Med Infect Dis 2008; 6: 82-99.
31. Clendennen TE 3rd, Long GW, Baird KJ. QBC and Giemsa stained thick blood films: diagnostic performance of laboratory technologists. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1995; 89: 183-184.
32. Pornsilapatip J, Namsiripongpun V, Wilde H, Hanvanich M, Chutivongse S. Detection of Plasmodia in acridine orange stained capillary tubes (the QBC system). Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 1990; 21: 534-540.
33. Salako LA, Akinyanju O, Afolabi BM. Comparison of the standard Giemsa-stained thick blood smear with the Quantitative Buffy Coat Technique in malaria diagnosis in Nigeria. Niger Q J Hosp Med 1999; 9: 256-269.
34. Barman D, Mirdha BR, Samantray JC, Kironde F, Kabra SK, Guleria R. Evaluation of quantitative buffy coat (QBC) assay and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for diagnosis of malaria. J Commun Dis 2003; 35: 170-181.
35. Adeoye GO, Nga IC. Comparison of Quantitative Buffy Coat technique (QBC) with Giemsa-stained Thick Film (GTF) for diagnosis of malaria. Parasitol Int 2007; 56: 308-312.
36. Moody A. Rapid diagnostic tests for malaria parasites. Clin Microbiol Rev 2002; 15: 66-78.
37. Ochola LB, Vounatsou P, Smith T, Mabaso ML, Newton CR. The reliability of diagnostic techniques in diagnosis and management of malaria in absence of a gold standard. Lancet Infect Dis 2006; 6: 582-588.
38. Cytec website. Partec reagents and accessories. [Accessed November 10, 2008]. Available at: http://www.partec.com/preview/cms/ front_content.php?idcat=119&idart=201&highlight= malaria+diagnosis
39. World Health Organization. WHO information consultation on recent advances in diagnostic techniques and vaccines for malaria: a rapid dipstick antigen capture assay for the diagnosis of falciparum malaria. Bull World Health Organ 1996; 74: 47-54.
40. Bell D, Wongsrichanalai C, Barnwell JW. Ensuring quality and access for malaria diagnosis: how can it be achieved? Nat Rev Microbiol 2006; 4: S7-S20.
41. World Health Organization. List of known commercially available antigen-detecting malaria RDTs. [Accessed November 12, 2008]. Available at: http://www.wpro.who.int/sites/rdt
42. Park TS, Kim JH, Kang CI, Lee BH, Jeon BR, Lee SM, Chang CL, Lee EY, Son HC, Kim HH. Diagnostic usefulness of SD malaria antigen and antibody kits for differential diagnosis of vivax Malaria in patients with fever of unknown origin. Korean J Lab Med 2006; 26: 241-245.
43. Kim SH, Nam MH, Roh KH, Park HC, Nam DH, Park GH, Han ET, Klein TA, Lim CS. Evaluation of a rapid diagnostic test specific for Plasmodium vivax. Trop Med Int Health 2008; 13: 1495-1500.
44. McCutchan TF, Piper RC, Makler MT. Use of malaria rapid diagnostic test to identify Plasmodium knowlesi infection. Emerg Infect Dis 2008; 14: 1750-1752.
45. Chilton D, Malik AN, Armstrong M, Kettelhut M, Parker-Williams J, Chiodini PL. Use of rapid diagnostic tests for diagnosis of malaria in the UK. J Clin Pathol 2006; 59: 862-866.
46. Noedl H, Yingyuen K, Laoboonchai A, Fukuda M, Sirichaisinthop J, Miller RS. Sensitivity and specificity of an antigen detection ELISA for malaria diagnosis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2006; 75: 1205-1208.
47. Doderer C, Heschung A, Guntz P, Cazenave JP, Hansmann Y, Senegas A, Pfaff AW, Abdelrahman T, Candolfi E. A new ELISA kit which uses a combination of Plasmodium falciparum extract and recombinant Plasmodium vivax antigens as an alternative to IFAT for detection of malaria antibodies. Malar J 2007; 6: 19.
48. Murray CK, Bell D, Gasser RA, Wongsrichanalai C. Rapid diagnostic testing for malaria. Trop Med Int Health 2003; 8: 876-883.
49. Murray CK, Gasser RA Jr, Magill AJ, Miller RS. Update on rapid diagnostic testing for malaria. Clin Microbiol Rev 2008; 21: 97-110.
50. She RC, Rawlins ML, Mohl R, Perkins SL, Hill HR, Litwin CM. Comparison of immunofluorescence antibody testing and two enzyme immunoassays in the serologic diagnosis of malaria. J Travel Med 2007; 14: 105-111.
51. Sulzer AJ, Wilson M, Hall EC. Indirect fluorescent-antibody tests for parasitic diseases. An evaluation of a thick-smear antigen in the IFA test for malaria antibodies. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1969; 18: 199-205.
52. Reesing HW. European strategies against the parasite transfusion risk. Transfus Clin Biol 2005; 12: 1-4.
53. Mungai M, Tegtmeier G, Chamberland M, Parise M. Transfusiontransmitted malaria in the United States from 1963 through 1999. N Engl J Med 2001; 344: 1973-1978.
54. Oh JS, Kim JS, Lee CH, Nam DH, Kim SH, Park DW, Lee CK, Lim CS, Park GH. Evaluation of a malaria antibody enzyme immunoassay for use in blood screening. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2008; 103: 75-78.
55. Morassin B, Fabre R, Berry A, Magnaval JF. One year's experience with the polymerase chain reaction as a routine method for the diagnosis of imported malaria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2002; 66: 503-508.
56. Makler MT, Palmer CJ, Ager AL. A review of practical techniques for the diagnosis of malaria. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 1998; 92: 419-433.
57. Rakotonirina H, Barnadas C, Raherijafy R, Andrianantenaina H, Ratsimbasoa A, Randrianasolo L, Jahevitra M, Andriantsoanirina V, Ménard D. Accuracy and reliability of malaria diagnostic techniques for guiding febrile outpatient treatment in malaria-endemic countries. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2008; 78: 217-221.
58. Swan H, Sloan L, Muyombwe A, Chavalitshewinkoon-Petmitr P, Krudsood S, Leowattana W, Wilairatana P, Looareesuwan S, Rosenblatt J. Evaluation of a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for the diagnosis of malaria in patients from Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2005; 73: 850-854.
59. Hawkes M, Kain KC. Advance in malaria diagnosis. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2007; 5: 1-11.
60. Imwong M, Pukrittayakamee S, Pongtavornpinyo W, Nakeesathit S, Nair S, Newton P, Nosten F, Anderson TJ, Dondorp A, Day NP, White NJ. Gene amplification of the multidrug resistance 1 gene of Plasmodium vivax isolates from Thailand, Laos, and Myanmar. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2008; 52: 2657-2659.
61. Mens PF, Schoone GJ, Kager PA, Schallig HD. Detection and identification of human Plasmodium species with real time quantitative nucleic acid sequence based amplification. Malar J 2006; 5: 80.
62. Mlambo G, Vasquez Y, LeBlanc R, Sullivan D, Kumar N. A filter paper method for the detection of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2008; 78: 114-116.
63. Cox-Singh J, Davis TM, Lee KS, Shamsul SS, Matusop A, Ratnam S, Rahman HA, Conway DJ, Singh B. Plasmodium knowlesi malaria in humans is widely distributed and potentially life threatening. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 46: 165-171.
64. Luchavez J, Espino F, Curameng P, Espina R, Bell D, Chiodini P, Nolder D, Sutherland C, Lee KS, Singh B. Human infections with Plasmodium knowlesi, the Philippines. Emerg Infect Dis 2008; 14: 811-813.
65. Ng OT, Ooi EE, Lee CC, Lee PJ, Ng LC, Pei SW, Tu TM, Loh JP, Leo YS. Naturally acquired human Plasmodium knowlesi infection, Singapore. Emerg Infect Dis 2008; 14: 814-816.
66. Mens PF, van Amerongen A, Sawa P, Kager PA, Schallig HD. Molecular diagnosis of malaria in the field: development of a novel 1-step nucleic acid lateral flow immunoassay for the detection of all 4 human Plasmodium spp. and its evaluation in Mbita, Kenya. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2008; 61: 421-427.
67. Hanscheid T, Grobusch MP. How useful is PCR in the diagnosis of malaria? Trends Parasitol 2002; 18: 395-398.
68. Poon LL, Wong BW, Ma EH, Chan KH, Chow LM, Abeyewickreme W, Tangpukdee N, Yuen KY, Guan Y, Looareesuwan S, Peiris JS. Sensitive and inexpensive molecular test for falciparum malaria: detecting Plasmodium falciparum DNA directly from heat-treated blood by loop-mediated isothermal amplification. Clin Chem 2006; 52: 303-306.
69. Han ET, Watanabe R, Sattabongkot J, Khuntirat B, Sirichaisinthop J, Iriko H, Jin L, Takeo S, Tsuboi T. Detection of four Plasmodium species by genus- and species-specific loop-mediated isothermal amplification for clinical diagnosis. J Clin Microbiol 2007; 45: 2521-2528.
70. Aonuma H, Suzuki M, Iseki H, Perera N, Nelson B, Igarashi I, Yagi T, Kanuka H, Fukumoto S. Rapid identification of Plasmodium- carrying mosquitoes using loop-mediated isothermal amplification. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 376: 671-676.
71. Crameri A, Marfurt J, Mugittu K, Maire N, Regos A, Coppee JY, Sismeiro O, Burki R, Huber E, Laubscher D, Puijalon O, Genton B, Felger I, Beck HP. Rapid microarray-based method for monitoring of all currently known single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with parasite resistance to antimalaria drugs. J Clin Microbiol 2007; 45: 3685-3691.
72. Doolan DL, Mu Y, Unal B, Sundaresh S, Hirst S, Valdez C, Randall A, Molina D, Liang X, Freilich DA, Oloo JA, Blair PL, Aguiar JC, Baldi P, Davies DH, Felgner PL. Profiling humoral immune responses to P. falciparum infection with protein microarrays. Proteomics 2008; 8: 4680-4694.
73. Patarakul K. Role of DNA microarray in infectious diseases. Chula Med J 2008; 52: 147-153.
74. Palacios G, Quan PL, Jabado OJ, Conlan S, Hirschberg DL, Liu Y, Zhai J, Renwick N, Hui J, Hegyi H, Grolla A, Strong JE, Towner JS, Geisbert TW, Jahrling PB, Bu-chen-Osmond C, Ellerbrok H, Sanchez-Seco MP, Lussier Y, Formenty P, Nichol MS, Feldmann H, Briese T, Lipkin WI. Panmicrobial oligonucleotide array for diagnosis of infectious diseases. Emerg Infect Dis 2007; 13: 73-81.
75. Wongchotigul V, Suwanna N, Krudsood S, Chindanond D, Kano S, Hanaoka N, Akai Y, Maekawa Y, Nakayama S, Kojima S, Looareesuwan S. The use of flow cytometry as a diagnostic test for malaria parasites. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2004; 35: 552-559.
76. Shapiro HM, Mandy F. Cytometry in malaria: moving beyond Giemsa. Cytometry A 2007; 71: 643-645.
77. Izumiyama S, Omura M, Takasaki T, Ohmae H, Asahi H. Plasmodium falciparum: development and validation of a measure of intraerythrocytic growth using SYBR Green I in a flow cytometer. Exp Parasitol 2009; 121: 144-150.
78. Grobusch MP, Hänscheid T, Krar B, Neukammer J, May J, Seybold J, Kun JF, Suttorp N. Sensitivity of hemozoin detection by automated flow cytometry in non- and semi-immune malaria patients. Cytometry B Clin Cytom 2003; 55: 46-51.
79. Padial MM, Subirats M, Puente S, Lago M, Crespo S, Palacios G, Baquero M. Sensitivity of laser light depolarization analysis for detection of malaria in blood samples. J Med Microbiol 2005; 54: 449-452.
80. de Langen AJ, van Dillen J, de Witte P, Mucheto S, Nagelkerke N, Kager P. Automated detection of malaria pigment: feasibility for malaria diagnosing in an area with seasonal malaria in northern Namibia. Trop Med Int Health 2006; 11: 809-816.
81. Hanscheid T, Melo-Cristino J, Pinto BG. Automated detection of malaria pigment in white blood cells for the diagnosis of malaria in Portugal. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2001; 64: 290-292.
82. Mendelow BV, Lyons C, Nhlangothi P, Tana M, Munster M, Wypkema E, Liebowitz L, Marshall L, Scott S, Coetzer TL. Automated malaria detection by depolarization of laser light. Br J Haematol 1999; 104: 499-503.
83. Briggs C, Costa AD, Freeman Lyn, Aucamp I, Ngubeni B, Machin SJ. Development of an automated malaria discriminant factor using VCS technology. Am J Clin Pathol 2006; 126: 691-698.
84. Scholl PF, Kongkasuriyachai D, Demirev PA, Feldman AB, Lin JS, Sullivan DJ Jr, Kumar N. Rapid detection of malaria infection in vivo by laser desorption mass spectrometry. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2004; 71: 546-551.
85. Park JW, Yoo SB, Oh JH, Yeom JS, Lee YH, Bahk YY, Kim YS, Lim KJ. Diagnosis of vivax malaria using an IgM capture ELISA is a sensitive method, even for low levels of parasitemia. Parasitol Res 2008; 103: 625-631.
86. Polpanich D, Tangboriboonrat P, Elaissari A, Udomsangpetch R. Detection of malaria infection via latex agglutination assay. Anal Chem 2007; 79: 4690-4695.
87. Chotivanich K, Silamut K, Udomsangpetch R, Stepniewska KA, Pukrittayakamee S, Looareesuwan S, White NJ. Ex-vivo short-term culture and developmental assessment of Plasmodium vivax. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2001; 95: 677-680.
88. Udomsangpetch R, Kaneko O, Chotivanich K, Sattabongkot J. Cultivation of Plasmodium vivax. Trends Parasitol 2008; 24: 85-88.
89. Prommano O, Chaisri U, Turner GD, Wilairatana P, Ferguson DJ, Viriyavejakul P, White NJ, Pongponratn E. A quantitative ultrastructural study of the liver and the spleen in fatal falciparum malaria. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2005; 36: 1359-1370.
90. Nguansangiam S, Day NP, Hien TT, Mai NT, Chaisri U, Riganti M, Dondorp AM, Lee SJ, Phu NH, Turner GD, White NJ, Ferguson DJ, Pongponratn E. A quantitative ultrastructural study of renal pathology in fatal Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Trop Med Int Health 2007; 12: 1037-1050.
91. Sachanonta N, Medana IM, Roberts R, Jones M, Day NP, White NJ, Ferguson DJ, Turner GD, Pongponratn E. Host vascular endothelial growth factor is tropic for Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 2008; 26: 37-45.