Eye-tracking for avatar eye-gaze and interactional analysis in immersive collaborative virtual environments

Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, CSCW

Volumn , Issue , 2008, Pages 197-200

  Steptoe, William ^a   Wolff, Robin ^b   Murgia, Alessio ^c   Guimaraes, Estefania ^d   Rae, John ^d   Sharkey, Paul ^c   Roberts, David ^b   Steed, Anthony ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SALFORD   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF READING   (United Kingdom)

^d UNIVERSITY OF ROEHAMPTON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Avatars; Eye gaze; Eye tracking; Immersive collaborative virtual environments; Social presence; Telecommunication

Indexed keywords

COLLABORATIVE VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENT; EYE-GAZE; EYE-TRACKING; IMMERSIVE; SOCIAL PRESENCE;

DISPLAY DEVICES; GROUPWARE; INTERACTIVE COMPUTER SYSTEMS;

VIRTUAL REALITY;

EID: 67649676377     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Conference Proceeding    
DOI: 10.1145/1460563.1460593     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (26)

1. S. Acker and S. Levitt. Designing Videoconference Facilities for Improved Eye Contact. J. Broad. & Elec. Media, 31:181, 1987.
2. M. Argyle and M. Cook. Gaze and Mutual Gaze. Cambridge University Press Cambridge, 1976.
3. J. Bailenson, A. Beall, J. Loomis, J. Blascovich, and M. Turk. Transformed Social Interaction: Decoupling Representation from Behavior and Form in Collaborative Virtual Environments. Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments, 13(4):428-441, 2004.
4. J. Bailenson, J. Blascovich, A. Beall, and J. Loomis. Equilibrium Theory Revisited: Mutual Gaze and Personal Space in Virtual Environments. Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments, 10(6):583-598, 2001.
5. S. Benford, J. Bowers, L. Fahlén, C. Greenhalgh, and D. Snowdon. User embodiment in collaborative virtual environments. Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, pages 242-249, 1995.
6. M. Chen. Leveraging the asymmetric sensitivity of eye contact for videoconference. Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems: Changing our world, changing ourselves, pages 49-56, 2002.
7. S. Duncan. Some signals and rules for taking speaking turns in conversations. Nonverbal Communication: Readings with Commentary, 1974.
8. M. Garau, M. Slater, V. Vinayagamoorthy, A. Brogni, A. Steed, and M. Sasse. The impact of avatar realism and eye gaze control on perceived quality of communication in a shared immersive virtual environment. Proceedings of the conference on Human factors in computing systems, pages 529-536, 2003.
9. E. Gu and N. Badler. Visual Attention and Eye Gaze During Multiparty Conversations with Distractions. Intelligent Virtual Agents, 2006.
10. J. Hauber, H. Regenbrecht, M. Billinghurst, and A. Cockburn. Spatiality in videoconferencing: trade-offs between efficiency and social presence. Proceedings of the 2006 20th anniversary conference on Computer supported cooperative work, pages 413-422, 2006.
11. I. Heldal, A. Steed, M. Spante, et al. Successes and Failures in Co-Present Situations. Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments, 14(5):563-579, 2005.
12. J. Hindmarsh, M. Fraser, C. Heath, S. Benford, and C. Greenhalgh. Object-focused interaction in collaborative virtual environments. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI), 7(4):477-509, 2000.
13. E. Isaacs and J. Tang. What video can and cannot do for collaboration: A case study. Multimedia Systems, 2(2):63-73, 1994.
14. S. Langton, R. Watt, and V. Bruce. Do the eyes have it? Cues to the direction of social attention. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4(2):50-59, 2000.
15. S. Lee, J. Badler, and N. Badler. Eyes alive. ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), 21(3):637-644, 2002.
16. A. Murgia, R. Wolff, W. Steptoe, et al. A Tool For Replay And Analysis of Gaze-Enhanced Multiparty Sessions Captured in Immersive Collaborative Environments. ACM DS-RT'08, 2008.
17. N. Murray and D. Roberts. Comparison of head gaze and head and eye gaze within an immersive environment. the 10th IEEE International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real Time Applications. IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos, CA, 2006.
18. K. Okada, F. Maeda, Y. Ichikawaa, and Y. Matsushita. Multiparty videoconferencing at virtual social distance: MAJIC design. Proceedings of the 1994 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work, pages 385-393, 1994.
19. D. Roberts, R. Wolff, O. Otto, and A. Steed. Constructing a Gazebo: Supporting Teamwork in a Tightly Coupled, Distributed Task in Virtual Reality. Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments, 12(6):644-657, 2003.
20. H. Sacks. Lectures on Conversation. Blackwell, 1995.
21. A. Steed, D. Roberts, R. Schroeder, and I. Heldal. Interaction between Users of Immersion Projection Technology Systems. HCI International 2005, the 11th International Conference on Human Computer Interaction, pages 22-27, 2005.
22. W. Steptoe and A. Steed. High-Fidelity Avatar Eye-Representation. Virtual Reality Conference, 2008. VR'08. IEEE, pages 111-114, 2008.
23. R. Vertegaal. The GAZE groupware system: mediating joint attention in multiparty communication and collaboration. Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems: the CHI is the limit, pages 294-301, 1999.
24. R. Vertegaal, I. Weevers, C. Sohn, and C. Cheung. GAZE-2: conveying eye contact in group video conferencing using eye-controlled camera direction. Proceedings of the conference on Human factors in computing systems, pages 521-528, 2003.
25. V. Vinayagamoorthy, M. Garau, A. Steed, and M. Slater. An Eye Gaze Model for Dyadic Interaction in an Immersive Virtual Environment: Practice and Experience. Computer Graphics Forum, 23(1):1-11, 2004.
26. R. Wolff, D.Roberts, A. Murgia, et al. Communicating Eye Gaze across a Distance without Rooting Participants to the Spot. ACM DS-RT'08, 2008.