An intercomparison of observational, reanalysis, satellite, and coupled model data on mean rainfall in the Caribbean

Journal of Hydrometeorology

Volumn 10, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 413-430

  Jury, Mark R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO   (Puerto Rico)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE MODELING; COUPLING; DATA ASSIMILATION; ESTIMATION METHOD; GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL; LAND-SEA INTERACTION; MICROWAVE IMAGERY; MONITORING SYSTEM; OBSERVATIONAL METHOD; PRECIPITATION ASSESSMENT; PRECIPITATION INTENSITY; RAINFALL; RAINGAUGE; SATELLITE DATA; SPATIAL VARIATION; TOPOGRAPHIC EFFECT;

ATLANTIC ISLANDS; ATLANTIC OCEAN; CARIBBEAN ISLANDS;

EID: 67649511968     PISSN: 1525755X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/2008JHM1054.1     Document Type: Article

References (80)

1. Adler, R. F., and Coauthors, 2003: The Version-2 Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) Monthly Precipitation Analysis (1979-preseat). J. Hydrometeor., 4, 1147-1167.
2. Amador, J. A., 1998: A climatic feature of the tropical Americas: The trade wind easterly jet. Top. Meteor. Oceanogr., 5, 1-13.
3. Amador, J. A., V. O. Magaña, and J. B. Pérez, 2000: The low level jet and convective activity in the Caribbean. Proc. 24th Conf. on. Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 29, 114-115.
4. Arkin, P. A., and B. N. Meisner, 1987: The relationship between large-scale convective rainfall and cold cloud over the Western Hemisphere during 1982-84. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 51-74.
5. Atlans, R., N. Wolfson, and J. Terry, 1993: The effect of SST and soil moisture anomalies on GL model simulation of the 1988 U.S. summer drought. J. Climate, 6, 2034-2048.
6. Bacmeister, J., P. J. Pegion, S. D. Schubert, and M. J. Suarez, 2000: Atlas of Seasonal Means Simulated by the NSIPP-1 Atmospheric GCM. NASA Tech. Memo. NASA/TM-2000-104606, Vol. 17, 218 pp.
7. Beck, C., J. Grieser, and B. Rudolf, 2005: A new monthly precipitation climatology for the global land areas for the period 1951 to 2000. Climate Status Report 2004, German Weather Service, 181-190.
8. Bruijnzeel, L. A., and J. Proctor, 1995: Hydrology and biogeochemistry of tropical montane cloud forests: What do we really know? Tropical Montane Cloud Forests. L. S. Hamilton, J. O. Juvik, and Scatena, Eds., Springer-Verlag, 38-78.
9. Chang, C.-Y., J. A. Carton, S. A. Grodsky, and S. Nigam, 2007: Seasonal climate of the tropical Atlantic sector in the NCAR community climate system model 3: Error structure and probable causes of errors. J. Climate, 20, 1053-1070.
10. Chen, J. M., C. T. Fong, F. J. Wang, C. H. Shiao, J. H. Chen, and M. D. Cheng, 1999: Climate characteristics of the CWB Global Forecast System: Hydrological processes and atmospheric circulation. Terr. Atmos. Oceanic Sci., 10, 737-762.
11. Chen, M., P. Xie, J. E. Janowiak, and P. A. Arkin, 2002: Global land precipitation: A 50-yr monthly analysis based on gauge. observations. J. Hydrometeor., 5, 249-266.
12. Clark, K. L., R. O. Lawton, and P. R. Butler, 2000: Ecology and Conservation of a Tropical Cloud Forest. N. M. Nadkarni, N. M. and N. T. Wheelwright. Eds., Oxford University Press, 15-38.
13. Collins, W. D., and Coauthors, 2006: The Community Climate System Model version 3. J. Climate, 19, 2122-2143.
14. Curtis, S., 2002: Interannual variability of the bimodal distribution of summertime rainfall over Central America and tropical storm activity in the far-eastern Pacific. Climate Res., 22, 141-146.
15. da Silva, A. M., C. Young, and S. Levitus, 1994: Algorithms and Procedures. Atlas of Surface Marine Data, Vol. 1, NOAA Atlas NESDIS 6, U.S. Dept. Commerce, 83 pp.
16. Delworth, T.. L., and M. E. Manabe, 1989: The influence of soil wetness on near-surface atmospheric variability. J. Climate, 2, 1447-1462.
17. Delworth, T.. L., and Coauthors, 2006: GFDL's CM2 global coupled climate models. Part 1: Formulation and simulation characteristics. J. Climate, 19, 643-674.
18. Deser, C., A. Capotondi, R. Saravanan, and A. Phillips, 2006: Tropical Pacific and Atlantic climate variability in CCSM3. J. Climate, 19, 2451-2481.
19. Fu, R., and W. Li, 2004: Land surface on the transition from dry to wet season in Amazonia. Theor. Appl. Climatol., 78, 97-110.
20. Gable, F. J. M. M. Affs, J. H. Gentile, and D. G. Aubrey, 1990: Global climate and coastal impacts in the Caribbean region. Environ. Conserv., 17, 51-60.
21. Giannini, A., Y. Kushnir, and M. A. Cane, 2000: Interannual variability of Caribbean rainfall, ENSO, and the Atlantic Ocean. J. Climate, 13, 297-311.
22. Gnanadesikan, A., and Coauthors, 2006: GFDL's CM2 global coupled climate models. Part 2: Baseline ocean simulation. J. Climate, 19, 675-697.
23. Granger, O., 1985: Caribbean climates. Prog. Phys. Geogr., 9, 16-43.
24. Griffies, S., and Coauthors, 2006: Formulation of an ocean model for global climate simulation. Ocean Sci., 1, 45-79.
25. Gu, G., and C. Zhang, 2002: Cloud components of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4565, doi:10.1029/ 2002JD002089.
26. Hack, J. J., 1994: Parameterization of moist convection in the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate Model (CCM2). J. Geophys. Res., 99, 5551-5568.
27. Hastenrath, S., 1967: Rainfall distribution and regime in Central America. Arch. Meteor. Geophys. Bioklimatol, 15B, 201-241.
28. Hastenrath, S., 2002: The Intertropical Convergence Zone of the eastern Pacific revisited. Int. J. Climatol, 22, 347-356.
29. Higgins, R. W., and Coauthors, 2003: Progress in Pan American CLIVAR Research: The North American Monsoon System. Atmósfera, 16, 29-65.
30. Holtslag, A. A. M., and B. A. Boville, 1993: Local versus nonlocal boundary-layer diffusion in a global climate model. J. Climate, 6, 1825-1842.
31. Horel, J. D., A. N. Hahmann, and J. E. Geisler, 1989: An investigation of the annual cycle of convective activity over the tropical Americas. J. Climate, 2, 1388-1403.
32. Hsu, K. L., X. G. Gao, S. Sorooshian, and H. V. Gupta, 1997: Precipitation estimation from remotely sensed information using artificial neural networks. J. Appl. Meteor., 36, 1176-1190.
33. Huffman, G. J., R. F. Adler, M. M. Morrissey, W. T. Bolvin, S. Curtis, R. Joyce, B. McGavock, and J. Susskind, 2001: Global precipitation at one-degree daily resolution from multi-satellite observations. J. Hydrometeor., 2, 36-50.
34. Huffman, G. J., and Coauthors, 2007: The TRMM multisatellite precipitation analysis (TMPA): Quasi-global, multiyear, combined-sensor precipitation estimates at fine scales. J. Hydrometeor., 8, 38-55.
35. Inoue, M., I. C. Handoh, and G. R. Bigg, 2002: Bimodal distribution of tropical cyclogenesis in the Caribbean: Characteristics and environmental factors. J. Climate, 15, 2897-2905.
36. Janowiak, J. E., and P. Xie, 1999: CAMS - OPI: A global satellite-rain gauge merged product for real-time precipitation monitoring applications. J. Climate, 12, 3335-3342.
37. Josey, S., E. Kent, and P. Taylor, 1999: New insights into the ocean heat budget closure problem from analysis of the SOC air-sea flux climatology. J. Climate, 12, 2856-2880.
38. Joyce, R. J., J. E. Janowiak, P. A. Arkin, and P. P. Xie, 2004: CMORPH: A method that produces global precipitation estimates from passive microwave and infrared data at high spatial and temporal resolution. J. Hydrometeor., 5, 487-503.
39. Jury, M. R., B. A. Malmgren, and A. Winter, 2007: Subregional precipitation climate of the Caribbean and relationships with ENSO and NAO. J. Geophys. Res., 112, D16107, doi:10.1029/ 2006JD007541.
40. Kalnay, E., and Coauthors, 1996: The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 437-471.
41. Kanamitsu, M., W. Ebisuzaki, J. Woollen, S.-K. Yang, J. J. Hnilo, M. Fiorino, and G. L. Pottor, 2002: NCEP - DOE AMIP-II Reanalysis (R-2). Bull Amer. Meteor. Soc., 83, 1631-1643.
42. Kiehl, J. T., J. J. Hack, G. B. Bonan, B. A. Boville, D. L. Williamson, and P. J. Rasch, 1998: The National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate Model: CCM3. J. Climate, 11, 1131-1149.
43. Kinter, J. L., III, J. Shukla, L. Marx, and E. K. Schneider, 1988: A simulation of winter and summer circulations with the NMC global spectral model. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 2486-2522.
44. Kirtman, B. P., Y. Fan, and E. K. Schneider, 2002: The COLA global coupled and anomaly coupled ocean - atmosphere GCM. J. Climate, 15, 2301-2320.
45. Koster, R., and M. Suarez, 1992: Modeling the land surface boundary in climate models as a composite of independent vegetation stands. J. Geophys. Res., 97, 2697-2715.
46. Large, W. G., J. C. McWilliams, and S. C. Doney, 1994: Oceanic vertical mixing: A review and a model with a nonlocal boundary layer parameterization. Rev. Geophys., 32, 363-403.
47. Lewsey, C., G. Cid, and E. Kruse, 2004: Assessing climate change impacts on coastal infrastructure in the Eastern Caribbean. Mar. Policy, 28, 393-409.
48. Liebmann, B., and J. A. Marengo, 2001: Interannual variability of the rainy season and rainfall in the Brazilian Amazon basin. J. Climate, 14, 4308-4318.
49. Magaña, V., and E. Caetano, 2005: Temporal evolution of summer convective activity over the Americas warm pools. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L02803, doi:10.1029/2004GL021033.
50. Magaña, V., J. Amador, and S. Medina, 1999: The midsummer drought over Mexico and Central America. J. Climate, 12, 1577-1588.
51. Mapes, B. E., P. Liu, and N. Buenning, 2005: Indian monsoon onset and Americas midsummer drought: Out-of-equilibrium responses to smooth seasonal forcing. J. Climate, 18, 1109-1115.
52. Maul, G. A., 1993: Climate Change in the Intra-Americas Sea: Implications of Future Climate on the Ecosystems and Socio-Economic Structure in the Marine and Coastal Regions of the Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas, and the Northeast Coast of South America. Routledge, Chapman, and Hall, 389 pp.
53. Meehl, G. A., C. Covey, B, McAvaney, M. Latif, and R. J. Stouffer, 2005: Overview of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP). Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 86, 89-93.
54. Meehl, G. A., C. Covey, T. Delworth, M. Latif, B. McAvaney, J. F. B. Mitchell, R. J. Stoufter, and K. E. Taylor. 2007: The WCRP CMIP3 multimodel dataset: A new era in climate change research. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 88, 1383-1394.
55. Mesinger, F., and Coauthors, 2006: North American Regional Reanalysis. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 87, 343-360.
56. Misra, V., P. A. Dirmeyer, and B. P. Kirtman, 2002: A comparative study of two land surface schemes in regional climate integrations over South America. J. Geophys. Res., 107, 8080, doi:10.1029/ 2001JD001284.
57. Mitchell, T. D., and P. D. Jones, 2005: An improved method of constructing a database of monthly climate observations and associated high-resolution grids. Int. J. Climatol., 25, 693-712, doi:10.1002/joc.1181.
58. Mo, K. C., and R. W. Higgins, 1996: Large-scale atmospheric moisture transport as evaluated in the NCEP/NCAR and the NASA/DAO reanalyses. J. Climate, 9, 1531-1545.
59. Nogués-Paegle, J., K. Mo, and J. Paegle, 1998: Predictability of the NCEP - NCAR reanalysis model during austral summer. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 3135-3152.
60. Nogués-Paegle, J., and Coauthors, 2002: Progress in Pan American CLIVAR Research: Understanding the South American Monsoon. Meteorologica, 27, 3-30.
61. Pegion, P. J., S. D. Schubert, and M. J. Suarez, 2000: An assessment of the predictability of northern winter seasonal means with the NSIPP 1 AGCM. NASA Tech. Memo. NASA/TM-2000-104505, Vol. 18, 110 pp.
62. Peterson T. C., and Coauthors, 2002: Recent changes in climate extremes in the Caribbean region. J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4601, doi:10.1029/2002JD002251.
63. Poveda, G., A. Jaramillo, M. M. Gil, N. Quiceno, and R. Mantilla, 2001: Seasonality in ENSO-related precipitation, river discharges, soil moisture, and vegetation index in Colombia. Water Resour. Res., 37, 2169-2178.
64. Poveda, G., and Coauthors, 2005: The diurnal cycle of precipitation in the tropical Andes of Colombia. Mon. Wea. Rev., 133, 228-240.
65. Poveda, G., P. R. Waylon, and R. S. Pulwarty, 2006: Annual and interannual variability of the present climate in northern South America and southern Mesoamerica. Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol, 234, 3-27.
66. Prospero, J. M., and J. P. Lamb, 2003: African droughts and dust transport to the Caribbean: Climate change and implications. Science, 302, 1024-1027.
67. Reichler, T., and J. Kim, 2008: How well do coupled models simulate today's climate? Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 89, 303-311.
68. Reynolds, R. W., and T. M. Smith, 1994: Improved global sea surface temperature analysis using optimum interpolation. J. Climate, 7, 929-948.
69. Richards, F., and P. Arkin, 1981: On the relationship between satellite-observed cloud cover and precipitation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 109, 1081-1093.
70. Ropelewski, C. F., J. E. Janowiak, and M. S. Halpert, 1985: The analysis and display of real time surface climate data. Mon. Wea. Rev., 113, 1101-1106.
71. Rosenfeld, D., R. Yinon, and L. Ronen, 2000: Desert suppressing precipitation: A possible desertification feedback loop. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 98, 5975.
72. Saha, S., S. Nadiga, C. Thiaw, and J. Wang, 2006: The NCEP Climate Forecast System. J. Climate, 19, 3483-3517.
73. Schneider, E. K., L. Bengtsson, and Z. Z. Hu, 2003: Forcing of Northern Hemisphere climate trends. J. Atmos. Sci.; 60, 1504-1521.
74. Schopf, P., and A. Loughe, 1995: A reduced-gravity isopycnic ocean model: Hindcasts of El Niño. Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 2839-2863.
75. Sorooshian, S., K. L. Hsu, X. Gao, H. V. Gupta, B. Imam, and D. Braithwaite, 2000: Evaluation of PERSIANN system satellite-based estimates of tropical rainfall. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 81, 2035-2046.
76. Spencer, R. W., 1993: Global oceanic precipitation from the MSU during 1979 - 91 and comparisons to other climatologies. J. Climate, 6, 1301-1326.
77. Wang, C., 2007: Variability of the Caribbean low-level jet and its relations to climate. Climate Dyn., 29, 411-422.
78. Wang, C., and S.-K. Lee, 2007: Atlantic warm pool, Caribbean low-level jet, and their potential impact on Atlantic hurricanes. Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L02403, doi:10.1029/2006GL028579.
79. Washington, W. M., and Coauthors, 2000: Parallel climate model (PCM) control and transient simulations. Climate Dyn., 16, 755-774.
80. Xie, P., and P. A. Arkin, 1996: Analyses of global monthly precipitation using gauge observations, satellite estimates, and numerical model predictions. J. Climate, 9, 840-858.