메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 16, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 29-65

Progress in Pan American CLIVAR research: The North American monsoon system

(17)  Higgins, R Wayne a   Douglas, Art b   Hahmann, Andrea c   Berberry, E Hugo d   Gutzler, Dave e   Shuttleworth, Jim c   Stensrud, David f   Amador, Jorge g   Carbone, Rit h   Cortez, Miguel j   Douglas, Michael f   Lobato, Rene i   Meitin, Jose f   Ropelewski, Chester k   Schemm, Jae a   Schubert, Siegfried l   Zhang, Chidong m  


Author keywords

Monsoon; Precipitation

Indexed keywords

LONG RANGE FORECAST; MONSOON; PRECIPITATION (CLIMATOLOGY); PREDICTION; WEATHER FORECASTING;

EID: 0037251885     PISSN: 01876236     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (78)

References (134)
  • 3
    • 0034353445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The North American monsoon system in the Hadley Centre coupled ocean-atmosphere GCM
    • Arritt, R. W., D. C. Goering, and C. J. Anderson, R. W., 2000: The North American monsoon system in the Hadley Centre coupled ocean-atmosphere GCM. Geophys. Res. Letters, 27, 565-568.
    • (2000) Geophys. Res. Letters , vol.27 , pp. 565-568
    • Arritt, R.W.1    Goering, D.C.2    Anderson, C.J.3    Anderson, R.W.4
  • 4
    • 0028174752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lower-tropospheric precursors to nocturnal MCS development over the central United States
    • Augustine, J. A. and F. Caracena, 1996: Lower-tropospheric precursors to nocturnal MCS development over the central United States. Wea. and For., 9, 116-135.
    • (1996) Wea. and For. , vol.9 , pp. 116-135
    • Augustine, J.A.1    Caracena, F.2
  • 5
    • 0024920939 scopus 로고
    • A parameterization of heterogeneous land-surface for atmospheric numerical models and its impact on regional meteorology
    • Avissar, R. and R.A. Pielke, 1989. A parameterization of heterogeneous land-surface for atmospheric numerical models and its impact on regional meteorology. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 2113-2136.
    • (1989) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.117 , pp. 2113-2136
    • Avissar, R.1    Pielke, R.A.2
  • 7
    • 0032455481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of the North American monsoon system
    • Barlow, M., S. Nigam and E. H. Berbery, 1998: Evolution of the North American Monsoon System. J. Climate, 11, 2238-2257.
    • (1998) J. Climate , vol.11 , pp. 2238-2257
    • Barlow, M.1    Nigam, S.2    Berbery, E.H.3
  • 8
    • 0024813175 scopus 로고
    • The effect of Eurasian snow cover on regional and global climate variations
    • Barnett, T. P., L. Dumenil, U. Schlese, E. Roeckner and M. Latif, 1989: The effect of Eurasian snow cover on regional and global climate variations. J. Atmos. Sci, 46, 661-685.
    • (1989) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.46 , pp. 661-685
    • Barnett, T.P.1    Dumenil, L.2    Schlese, U.3    Roeckner, E.4    Latif, M.5
  • 9
    • 0035863374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mesoscale moisture analysis of the North American monsoon
    • Berbery, E. H., 2001: Mesoscale moisture analysis of the North American monsoon. J. Climate, 14, 121-137.
    • (2001) J. Climate , vol.14 , pp. 121-137
    • Berbery, E.H.1
  • 10
    • 0001719795 scopus 로고
    • Climatology of the low-level jet
    • Bonner, W. D., 1968: Climatology of the low-level jet. Mon. Wea. Rev., 96, 833-850.
    • (1968) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.96 , pp. 833-850
    • Bonner, W.D.1
  • 11
    • 0001135198 scopus 로고
    • Diurnal variations in the boundary layer winds over the south-central United States in summer
    • Bonner, W. D., and J. Paegle, 1970: Diurnal variations in the boundary layer winds over the south-central United States in summer. Mon. Wea. Rev., 98, 735-744.
    • (1970) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.98 , pp. 735-744
    • Bonner, W.D.1    Paegle, J.2
  • 12
    • 0031671106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the annual cycle of precipitation over the United States in GCMs:AMIP simulations
    • Boyle, J. S., 1998: Evaluation of the annual cycle of precipitation over the United States in GCMs:AMIP simulations. J. Climate, 11, 1041-1055.
    • (1998) J. Climate , vol.11 , pp. 1041-1055
    • Boyle, J.S.1
  • 13
    • 0000231370 scopus 로고
    • A surge of maritime tropical air-Gulf of California to the southwestern United States
    • Brenner, I. S., 1974: A surge of maritime tropical air-Gulf of California to the southwestern United States. Mon. Wea. Rev., 102, 375-389.
    • (1974) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.102 , pp. 375-389
    • Brenner, I.S.1
  • 14
    • 0000668895 scopus 로고
    • The synoptic climatology of the Arizona summer precipitation singularity
    • Bryson, R. A., and W. P. Lowry, 1955: The synoptic climatology of the Arizona summer precipitation singularity. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 36, 329-339.
    • (1955) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.36 , pp. 329-339
    • Bryson, R.A.1    Lowry, W.P.2
  • 15
    • 0022841481 scopus 로고
    • Synoptic-dynamic character of "bursts" and "breaks" in the southwest U.S. summer precipitation singularity
    • Carleton, A. M., 1986: Synoptic-dynamic character of "bursts" and "breaks" in the southwest U.S. summer precipitation singularity. J. Climatol., 6, 605-623.
    • (1986) J. Climatol. , vol.6 , pp. 605-623
    • Carleton, A.M.1
  • 16
    • 84948513946 scopus 로고
    • Summer circulation climate of the American Southwest, 1945-1984
    • Carleton, A. M., 1987: Summer circulation climate of the American Southwest, 1945-1984. Ann. Assoc. Amer. Geogr., 77, 619-634.
    • (1987) Ann. Assoc. Amer. Geogr. , vol.77 , pp. 619-634
    • Carleton, A.M.1
  • 17
    • 0001111891 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of interannual variability of the Southwest United States summer rainfall maximum
    • Carleton, A. M., D. A., Carpenter, and P. J. Weser, 1990: Mechanisms of interannual variability of the Southwest United States summer rainfall maximum. J. Climate, 3, 999-1015.
    • (1990) J. Climate , vol.3 , pp. 999-1015
    • Carleton, A.M.1    Carpenter, D.A.2    Weser, P.J.3
  • 18
    • 0001948596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The climatology and interannual variability of the North American monsoon as revealed by the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis
    • Preprints, Long Beach, CA, January 9-14, 2000
    • Castro, C.L., T.B. McKee, and R.A. Pielke Sr., 2000a: The climatology and interannual variability of the North American monsoon as revealed by the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis.Preprints, 11th Symposium on Global Change Studies, 80th AMS Annual Meeting, Long Beach, CA, January 9-14, 2000, 168-171.
    • (2000) 11th Symposium on Global Change Studies, 80th AMS Annual Meeting , pp. 168-171
    • Castro, C.L.1    McKee, T.B.2    Pielke R.A., Sr.3
  • 19
    • 85037295119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship of the North American monsoon to tropical and North Pacific sea surface tempertures as revealed by observational analyses
    • submitted
    • Castro, C.L., T.B. McKee, and R.A. Pielke, Sr. 2000b: The Relationship of the North American Monsoon to Tropical and North Pacific Sea Surface Tempertures as Revealed by Observational Analyses. J. Climate, submitted.
    • (2000) J. Climate
    • Castro, C.L.1    McKee, T.B.2    Pielke R.A., Sr.3
  • 20
    • 0019213001 scopus 로고
    • Does the early or late onset of the monsoon provide any clue to the subsequent rainfall during the monsoon season?
    • Dhar, O. N., P. R. Rakhecha, and B. N. Mandal, 1980: Does the early or late onset of the monsoon provide any clue to the subsequent rainfall during the monsoon season? Mon. Wea. Rev., 108, 1069-1072.
    • (1980) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.108 , pp. 1069-1072
    • Dhar, O.N.1    Rakhecha, P.R.2    Mandal, B.N.3
  • 22
    • 0012869404 scopus 로고
    • Current research into the monsoon
    • Available from the Arizona Sonora Desert Museum, 2021 N. Kinney Rd., Tucson, AZ, 85743
    • Douglas, M. W., 1993: Current research into the monsoon. Sonorensis, Arizona Sonora Desert Museum Newsletter, 13, Nums. 3, 10-11 [Available from the Arizona Sonora Desert Museum, 2021 N. Kinney Rd., Tucson, AZ, 85743]
    • (1993) Sonorensis, Arizona Sonora Desert Museum Newsletter , vol.13 , Issue.3 , pp. 10-11
    • Douglas, M.W.1
  • 23
    • 0000415064 scopus 로고
    • The summertime low-level jet over the Gulf of California
    • Douglas, M. W., 1995: The summertime low-level jet over the Gulf of California. Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 2334-2347.
    • (1995) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.123 , pp. 2334-2347
    • Douglas, M.W.1
  • 24
    • 0032424995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diurnal variations and horizontal extent of the low-level jet over the northern Gulf of California
    • Douglas, M. W., A. Valdez-Manzanilla, and R. Garca Cueto, 1998: Diurnal variations and horizontal extent of the low-level jet over the northern Gulf of California. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 2017-2025.
    • (1998) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.126 , pp. 2017-2025
    • Douglas, M.W.1    Valdez-Manzanilla, A.2    Garca Cueto, R.3
  • 25
    • 0020894208 scopus 로고
    • Large scale changes in North Pacific and North American weather patterns in recent decades
    • Douglas, A.V., D. Cayan and J. Namias, 1982: Large scale changes in North Pacific and North American weather patterns in recent decades. Mon. Wea. Rev., 110, 1851-1862.
    • (1982) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.110 , pp. 1851-1862
    • Douglas, A.V.1    Cayan, D.2    Namias, J.3
  • 26
    • 0012838908 scopus 로고
    • Mesoscale convective complexes in extreme Western Mexico: A regional response to broadscale drought
    • U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA
    • Douglas, A.V., R. Blackmon, and P.J. Englehart, 1986: Mesoscale convective complexes in extreme Western Mexico: A regional response to broadscale drought. Proc. Tenth Ann. Climate Diagnostics Workshop, U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA, 129-140.
    • (1986) Proc. Tenth Ann. Climate Diagnostics Workshop , pp. 129-140
    • Douglas, A.V.1    Blackmon, R.2    Englehart, P.J.3
  • 27
    • 0012819478 scopus 로고
    • Factors influencing summer temperatures and precipitation in the Southwest
    • U.S. Dept. of Commerce, NOAA
    • Douglas, A.V., 1988: Factors influencing summer temperatures and precipitation in the Southwest. Proc. Twelth Ann. Climate Diagnostics Workshop, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, NOAA, 266-275.
    • (1988) Proc. Twelth Ann. Climate Diagnostics Workshop , pp. 266-275
    • Douglas, A.V.1
  • 28
    • 0002564254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An analysis of the starting date for the summer monsoon in Western Mexico and Southeast Arizona
    • U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA
    • Douglas, A.V., and P.J. Englehart, 1996: An analysis of the starting date for the summer monsoon in Western Mexico and Southeast Arizona. Proc. Twentieth Ann. Climate Diagnostics Workshop, U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA 207-211.
    • (1996) Proc. Twentieth Ann. Climate Diagnostics Workshop , pp. 207-211
    • Douglas, A.V.1    Englehart, P.J.2
  • 30
    • 0034783067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of CO2 and landscape change using a coupled plant and meteorological model
    • submitted
    • Eastman, J.L., M.B. Coughenour, and R.A. Pielke, 2000: The effects of CO2 and landscape change using a coupled plant and meteorological model. Global Change Biology, submitted.
    • (2000) Global Change Biology
    • Eastman, J.L.1    Coughenour, M.B.2    Pielke, R.A.3
  • 31
    • 0035874457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Atlantic multidecadal oscillation and its relationship to rainfall and river flows in the continental U.S
    • submitted
    • Enfield, D. B., A.M. Mestas-Nunez and P.J. Trimble , 2001: The Atlantic multidecadal oscillation and its relationship to rainfall and river flows in the continental U.S. Geophys. Res. Lett. (submitted)
    • (2001) Geophys. Res. Lett.
    • Enfield, D.B.1    Mestas-Nunez, A.M.2    Trimble, P.J.3
  • 32
    • 0035443837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eastern North Pacific tropical storms and the rainfall climatology of Western Mexico
    • Final revised copy accepted for publication Dec. 6, 2000, 26pp., 8 figures
    • Englehart, P.J. and A.V. Douglas, 2001: Eastern North Pacific Tropical Storms and the Rainfall Climatology of Western Mexico. International Journal of Climatology, Final revised copy accepted for publication Dec. 6, 2000, 26pp., 8 figures.
    • (2001) International Journal of Climatology
    • Englehart, P.J.1    Douglas, A.V.2
  • 33
    • 0022172665 scopus 로고
    • A statistical analysis of precipitation frequency in the conterminous United States, including comparisons with precipitation totals
    • Englehart, P.J. , and A.V. Douglas, 1985: A statistical analysis of precipitation frequency in the conterminous United States, including comparisons with precipitation totals. JCAM, 24, 350-362.
    • (1985) JCAM , vol.24 , pp. 350-362
    • Englehart, P.J.1    Douglas, A.V.2
  • 34
    • 0001675920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A finite-difference GCM dynamical core with a variable resolution stretched-grid
    • Fox-Rabinovitz, M. S., L.V.Stenchikov,M.J.Suarez,L.L.Takacs, 1997: A finite-difference GCM dynamical core with a variable resolution stretched-grid, Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 2943-2968.
    • (1997) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.125 , pp. 2943-2968
    • Fox-Rabinovitz, M.S.1    Stenchikov, L.V.2    Suarez, M.J.3    Takacs, L.L.4
  • 36
    • 0012829309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional climate simulation of the anomalous U.S. summer events using a variable-resolution stretched-grid GCM
    • in press
    • Fox-Rabinovitz, M. S., 2001b: Regional climate simulation of the anomalous U.S. summer events using a variable-resolution stretched-grid GCM. J. Geophys. Res, in press.
    • (2001) J. Geophys. Res
    • Fox-Rabinovitz, M.S.1
  • 37
    • 0019703786 scopus 로고
    • Convectively-driven mesoscale pressure systems aloft. Part I: Observations
    • Fritsch, J.M., and R.A. Maddox, 1981: Convectively-driven mesoscale pressure systems aloft. Part I: Observations. J. Appl. Meteor., 20, 9-19.
    • (1981) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.20 , pp. 9-19
    • Fritsch, J.M.1    Maddox, R.A.2
  • 38
    • 0033783725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between easterly waves and surges over the Gulf of California during the North American monsoon
    • in press
    • Fuller, R. D., and D. J. Stensrud, 2000: The relationship between easterly waves and surges over the Gulf of California during the North American monsoon. Mon. Wea. Rev., in press.
    • (2000) Mon. Wea. Rev.
    • Fuller, R.D.1    Stensrud, D.J.2
  • 39
    • 0027085408 scopus 로고
    • The atmospheric model intercomparison project
    • Gates, W. L., 1992: The Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 73, 1962-1970.
    • (1992) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.73 , pp. 1962-1970
    • Gates, W.L.1
  • 41
    • 0012882607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of the modelled North American Monsoon regional climate to convective parameterization
    • submitted
    • Gochis, D., W.J. Shuttleworth and Z.-L. Yang, 2001: Sensitivity of the modelled North American Monsoon regional climate to convective parameterization. Mon. Wea. Rev., submitted.
    • (2001) Mon. Wea. Rev.
    • Gochis, D.1    Shuttleworth, W.J.2    Yang, Z.-L.3
  • 42
    • 85013685326 scopus 로고
    • On the role of tropical and midlatitude SSTs in forcing interannual to interdecadal variability in the winter Northern Hemisphere circulation
    • Graham, N. E., T. P. Barnett, R. Wilde, M. Ponater, and S. Schubert, 1994: On the role of tropical and midlatitude SSTs in forcing interannual to interdecadal variability in the winter Northern Hemisphere circulation. J. Climate, 7, 1416-1441.
    • (1994) J. Climate , vol.7 , pp. 1416-1441
    • Graham, N.E.1    Barnett, T.P.2    Wilde, R.3    Ponater, M.4    Schubert, S.5
  • 43
    • 0027880822 scopus 로고
    • Prognostic evaluation of assumptions used by cumulus parameterizations
    • Grell, G.A. 1993: Prognostic evaluation of assumptions used by cumulus parameterizations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 764-787.
    • (1993) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.121 , pp. 764-787
    • Grell, G.A.1
  • 45
    • 0034351725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Covariability of spring snowpack and summer rainfall across the Southwest United States
    • Gutzler, D. S., 2000: Covariability of spring snowpack and summer rainfall across the Southwest United States. J. Climate, 13, 4018-4027.
    • (2000) J. Climate , vol.13 , pp. 4018-4027
    • Gutzler, D.S.1
  • 46
    • 0031224980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for a relationship between spring snow cover in North America and summer rainfall in New Mexico
    • Gutzler, D. S., and J. W. Preston, 1997: Evidence for a relationship between spring snow cover in North America and summer rainfall in New Mexico. Geophys. Res. Letters, 24, 2207-2210.
    • (1997) Geophys. Res. Letters , vol.24 , pp. 2207-2210
    • Gutzler, D.S.1    Preston, J.W.2
  • 47
    • 0035297924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A fine-mesh land approach for general circulation models and its impact on regional climate
    • in Press
    • Hahmann, A. N., and R. E. Dickinson, 2001: A fine-mesh land approach for general circulation models and its impact on regional climate. J. Climate, in Press.
    • (2001) J. Climate
    • Hahmann, A.N.1    Dickinson, R.E.2
  • 48
    • 0001396504 scopus 로고
    • Surges of maritime tropical air northward over the Gulf of California
    • E.Hales, J. , Jr., 1972: Surges of maritime tropical air northward over the Gulf of California. Mon. Wea. Rev., 100, 298-306.
    • (1972) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.100 , pp. 298-306
    • Hales E.J., Jr.1
  • 49
    • 0016048660 scopus 로고
    • Southwestern United States summer monsoon source-Gulf of Mexico or Pacific Ocean?
    • E.Hales, J. , Jr., 1974: Southwestern United States summer monsoon source-Gulf of Mexico or Pacific Ocean? J. Appl. Meteor., 13, 331-342.
    • (1974) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.13 , pp. 331-342
    • Hales E.J., Jr.1
  • 50
    • 0006711981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A global numerical weather prediction model with variable resolution
    • Hardiker, V., 1997: A global numerical weather prediction model with variable resolution. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 349-360.
    • (1997) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.125 , pp. 349-360
    • Hardiker, V.1
  • 52
    • 0027065782 scopus 로고
    • Impact of the Southern oscillation on the North American Southwest monsoon
    • Harrington, J. A., Jr., R. S. Cerveny, and R. Balling, Jr., 1992: Impact of the Southern Oscillation on the North American Southwest monsoon. Physical Geography, 13(4), 318-330.
    • (1992) Physical Geography , vol.13 , Issue.4 , pp. 318-330
    • Harrington J.A., Jr.1    Cerveny, R.S.2    Balling R., Jr.3
  • 53
    • 0029413359 scopus 로고
    • Climatology of the Great Plains low-level jet and its contribution to the continental moisture budget of the United States
    • Helfand, H. M. and S. D. Schubert, 1995: Climatology of the Great Plains low-level jet and its contribution to the continental moisture budget of the United States. J. Climate, 8, 784-806.
    • (1995) J. Climate , vol.8 , pp. 784-806
    • Helfand, H.M.1    Schubert, S.D.2
  • 54
    • 0027039154 scopus 로고
    • Historical variations of warm-season rainfall, southern Colorado Plateau, southwestern U.S.A
    • Hereford, R. and R. Webb, 1992: Historical variations of warm-season rainfall, southern Colorado Plateau, southwestern U.S.A. Climate Change, 22, 239-256.
    • (1992) Climate Change , vol.22 , pp. 239-256
    • Hereford, R.1    Webb, R.2
  • 56
    • 0031472152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of the Great Plains low-level jet on summertime precipitation and moisture transport over the central United States
    • Higgins, R. W., R. W., Y. Yao, E. S. Yarosh, J. E. Janowiak and K. C. Mo, 1997a: Influence of the Great Plains low-level jet on summertime precipitation and moisture transport over the central United States. J. Climate., 10, 481-507.
    • (1997) J. Climate. , vol.10 , pp. 481-507
    • Higgins, R.W.1    Yao, Y.2    Yarosh, E.S.3    Janowiak, J.E.4    Mo, K.C.5
  • 57
    • 0031428368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of the North American Monsoon System on the United States summer precipitation regime
    • Higgins, R. W., R. W., Y. Yao, and X. Wang, 1997b: Influence of the North American Monsoon System on the United States summer precipitation regime. J. Climate, 10, 2600-2622.
    • (1997) J. Climate , vol.10 , pp. 2600-2622
    • Higgins, R.W.1    Yao, Y.2    Wang, X.3
  • 58
    • 0032194604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interannual variability of the United States summer precipitation regime with emphasis on the southwestern monsoon
    • Higgins, R. W., K. C. Mo and Y. Yao, 1998: Interannual variability of the United States summer precipitation regime with emphasis on the southwestern monsoon. J. Climate, 11, 2582-2606.
    • (1998) J. Climate , vol.11 , pp. 2582-2606
    • Higgins, R.W.1    Mo, K.C.2    Yao, Y.3
  • 59
    • 0033102414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interannual variability of the North American warm season precipitation regime
    • Higgins, R. W., Y. Chen and A. Douglas, 1999: Interannual variability of the North American warm season precipitation regime. J. Climate, 12, 653-680.
    • (1999) J. Climate , vol.12 , pp. 653-680
    • Higgins, R.W.1    Chen, Y.2    Douglas, A.3
  • 60
    • 0343167398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dominant factors responsible for interannual variability of the summer monsoon in the southwestern United States
    • Higgins, R. W., and W. Shi, 2000: Dominant factors responsible for interannual variability of the Summer monsoon in the southwestern United States. J. Climate, 13, 759-776.
    • (2000) J. Climate , vol.13 , pp. 759-776
    • Higgins, R.W.1    Shi, W.2
  • 62
    • 0035254981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intercomparison of the principal modes of interannual and intraseasonal variability of the North American monsoon system
    • Higgins, R. W., and W. Whi, 2001: Intercomparison of the Principal Modes of Interannual and Intraseasonal Variability of the North American Monsoon System. J. Climate, 14, 403-417.
    • (2001) J. Climate , vol.14 , pp. 403-417
    • Higgins, R.W.1    Whi, W.2
  • 63
    • 0002416477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multidecadal variability on the southwestern United States monsoon precipitation in the past century
    • Available from American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA,02108-3693
    • Huang, Z., and C. A. Lai, 1998: Multidecadal variability on the southwestern United States monsoon precipitation in the past century. Proceedings of the 9th Conference on the Interaction of the Sea and Atmosphere, pp. 159-166 [Available from American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA,02108-3693]
    • (1998) Proceedings of the 9th Conference on the Interaction of the Sea and Atmosphere , pp. 159-166
    • Huang, Z.1    Lai, C.A.2
  • 64
    • 0028607757 scopus 로고
    • The step-mountain eta coordinate model: Further developments of the convection, viscous sublayer, and turbulence closure schemes
    • Janjic, Z.I., 1994: The step-mountain eta coordinate model: Further developments of the convection, viscous sublayer, and turbulence closure schemes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 927-945.
    • (1994) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.122 , pp. 927-945
    • Janjic, Z.I.1
  • 65
    • 0000022252 scopus 로고
    • The climate of Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador
    • W. Schwerdtfeger and H. E. Landsberg, Eds., Elsevier
    • Johnson, A. M., 1976: The climate of Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador. Climates of Central and South America, World Survey of Climatology, Vol. 12, W. Schwerdtfeger and H. E. Landsberg, Eds., Elsevier, 147-218.
    • (1976) Climates of Central and South America, World Survey of Climatology , vol.12 , pp. 147-218
    • Johnson, A.M.1
  • 66
    • 0029768948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The NCEP/NCAR reanalysis project
    • and co-authors
    • Kalnay, E., and co-authors, 1996: The NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis Project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 437-471.
    • (1996) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.77 , pp. 437-471
    • Kalnay, E.1
  • 67
    • 0025592294 scopus 로고
    • A one-dimensional entraining/detraining plume model and its application in convective parameterization
    • Kain, J.S. and M. Fritsch, 1990: A one-dimensional entraining/detraining plume model and its application in convective parameterization. J. Atmo. Sci., 47 (23), 2784-2802.
    • (1990) J. Atmo. Sci. , vol.47 , Issue.23 , pp. 2784-2802
    • Kain, J.S.1    Fritsch, M.2
  • 68
    • 0032881322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intraseasonal (30-60 day) variability in the global tropics: Principal modes and their evolution
    • Kayano, M. T., and V. E. Kousky, 1999: Intraseasonal (30-60 day) variability in the global tropics: principal modes and their evolution. Tellus, 51A, 373-386.
    • (1999) Tellus , vol.51 A , pp. 373-386
    • Kayano, M.T.1    Kousky, V.E.2
  • 69
    • 0021221351 scopus 로고
    • Effects of diabatic heating on the ageostrophic circulation of an upper tropospheric jet streak
    • Keyser, D.A., and D.R. Johnson, 1984: Effects of diabatic heating on the ageostrophic circulation of an upper tropospheric jet streak. Mon. Wea. Rev., 112, 1709-1724.
    • (1984) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.112 , pp. 1709-1724
    • Keyser, D.A.1    Johnson, D.R.2
  • 70
    • 0024219194 scopus 로고
    • The Southern Oscillation. Part VII: Meteorological anomalies over the Indian and Pacific sectors associated with extremes of the oscillation
    • Kiladis, G. N., and H. Van Loon, 1988: The Southern Oscillation. Part VII: Meteorological anomalies over the Indian and Pacific sectors associated with extremes of the oscillation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 116, 120-136.
    • (1988) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.116 , pp. 120-136
    • Kiladis, G.N.1    Van Loon, H.2
  • 71
    • 0026443639 scopus 로고
    • Modeling the land surface boundary in climate models as a composite of independent vegetation stands
    • Koster, R. D., and M. J. Suarez, 1992: Modeling the land surface boundary in climate models as a composite of independent vegetation stands. J. Geophys. Res., 97, 2697-2715.
    • (1992) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.97 , pp. 2697-2715
    • Koster, R.D.1    Suarez, M.J.2
  • 72
    • 0028519405 scopus 로고
    • Causes of decadal climate variability over the North Pacific / North American sector
    • Latif, M., and T. P. Barnett, 1994: Causes of decadal climate variability over the North Pacific / North American sector. Science, 266, 634-637.
    • (1994) Science , vol.266 , pp. 634-637
    • Latif, M.1    Barnett, T.P.2
  • 73
    • 0030435170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decadal climate variability over the North Pacific and North America: Dynamics and predictability
    • Latif, M., and T. P. Barnett, 1996: Decadal climate variability over the North Pacific and North America: Dynamics and predictability. J. Climate, 9, 2407-2423.
    • (1996) J. Climate , vol.9 , pp. 2407-2423
    • Latif, M.1    Barnett, T.P.2
  • 74
    • 0025206053 scopus 로고
    • Mean seasonal and spatial variability in gauge-corrected, global precipitation
    • Legates, D. R., and C. J. Willmott, 1990: Mean seasonal and spatial variability in gauge- corrected, global precipitation. Int. J. Climatol., 10, 111-127.
    • (1990) Int. J. Climatol. , vol.10 , pp. 111-127
    • Legates, D.R.1    Willmott, C.J.2
  • 75
    • 0000091705 scopus 로고
    • The relationship between tropical cyclones of the western Pacific and Indian Oceans and the Madden-Julian Oscillation
    • Liebmann, B., H. Hendon and J. Glick, 1994: The relationship between tropical cyclones of the western Pacific and Indian Oceans and the Madden-Julian Oscillation. J. Met. Soc. Japan, 72, 401-411.
    • (1994) J. Met. Soc. Japan , vol.72 , pp. 401-411
    • Liebmann, B.1    Hendon, H.2    Glick, J.3
  • 76
    • 0012829926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implementation of a two-way interactive atmospheric and ecological model and its application to the central United States
    • accepted with revisions
    • Lu, L., R.A. Pielke, G.E. Liston, W.J. Parton, D. Ojima, and M. Hartman, 2000: Implementation of a two-way interactive atmospheric and ecological model and its application to the central United States. J. Climate, accepted with revisions.
    • (2000) J. Climate
    • Lu, L.1    Pielke, R.A.2    Liston, G.E.3    Parton, W.J.4    Ojima, D.5    Hartman, M.6
  • 77
    • 0000462522 scopus 로고
    • Detection of a 40-50 day oscillation in the zonal wind in the tropical Pacific
    • Madden, R. A., and P. R. Julian, 1971: Detection of a 40-50 day oscillation in the zonal wind in the tropical Pacific. J. Atmos. Sci., 28, 702-708.
    • (1971) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.28 , pp. 702-708
    • Madden, R.A.1    Julian, P.R.2
  • 78
    • 0000107799 scopus 로고
    • Description of global-scale circulation cells in the tropics with a 40-50 day period
    • Madden, R. A., and P. R. Julian, 1972: Description of global-scale circulation cells in the tropics with a 40-50 day period. J. Atmos. Sci., 29, 1109-1123.
    • (1972) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.29 , pp. 1109-1123
    • Madden, R.A.1    Julian, P.R.2
  • 79
    • 0028571920 scopus 로고
    • Observations of the 40-50 day tropical oscillation - A review
    • Madden, R. A., and P. R. Julian, 1994: Observations of the 40-50 day tropical oscillation -A review. Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 814-837.
    • (1994) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.122 , pp. 814-837
    • Madden, R.A.1    Julian, P.R.2
  • 80
    • 0019140471 scopus 로고
    • Mesoscale convective complexes
    • Maddox, R.A., 1980: Mesoscale convective complexes. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 61, 1374-1387.
    • (1980) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.61 , pp. 1374-1387
    • Maddox, R.A.1
  • 81
    • 0032716655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The midsummer drought over Mexico and Central America
    • Magana, V., J. A. Amador, and S. Medina 1999: The Midsummer Drought over Mexico and Central America. J. Climate, 12, 1577-1588.
    • (1999) J. Climate , vol.12 , pp. 1577-1588
    • Magana, V.1    Amador, J.A.2    Medina, S.3
  • 82
    • 0006521092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Madden-Julian Oscillation, barotropic dynamics, and North Pacific tropical cyclone formation. Part I: Observations
    • Submitted to
    • Maloney, E. D. and D. L. Hartmann, 2000a: The Madden-Julian Oscillation, barotropic dynamics, and North Pacific tropical cyclone formation. Part I: Observations. (Submitted to J. Atmos Sci.)
    • (2000) J. Atmos Sci.
    • Maloney, E.D.1    Hartmann, D.L.2
  • 83
    • 0012785059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Madden-Julian Oscillation, barotropic dynamics, and North Pacific tropical cyclone formation. Part II: Stochastic barotropic modeling
    • Submitted to
    • Maloney, E. D. and D. L. Hartmann, 2000b: The Madden-Julian Oscillation, barotropic dynamics, and North Pacific tropical cyclone formation. Part II: Stochastic barotropic modeling (Submitted to J. Atmos Sci.)
    • (2000) J. Atmos Sci.
    • Maloney, E.D.1    Hartmann, D.L.2
  • 84
    • 0003426344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulating typhoon recurvature with a variable resolution conformal-cubic model
    • Report No.28 (ed. H.Ritchie), WMO/TD-No.942
    • McGregor, J. L., and J. J. Katzfey, 1998: Simulating typhoon recurvature with a variable resolution conformal-cubic model. In Research Activities in Atmospheric and Oceanic Modeling, Report No.28 (ed. H.Ritchie), WMO/TD-No.942, 3.19-3.20.
    • (1998) Research Activities in Atmospheric and Oceanic Modeling
    • McGregor, J.L.1    Katzfey, J.J.2
  • 85
    • 0002140688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of quantitative precipitation forecasts by the 48- and by the 29-km Eta model: An update and possible implications
    • Preprints, Phoenix, AZ, Amer. Meteor. Soc
    • Mesinger, 1998: Comparison of quantitative precipitation forecasts by the 48- and by the 29-km Eta model: An update and possible implications. Preprints, 12th Conference on Numerical Weather Prediction, Phoenix, AZ, Amer. Meteor. Soc., J22-23.
    • (1998) 12th Conference on Numerical Weather Prediction
    • Mesinger1
  • 86
    • 0028570490 scopus 로고
    • Interdecadal variability of the Pacific Ocean: Model response to observed heat flux and wind stress anomalies
    • Miller, A. J., D. R, Cayan, T. P. Barnett, N. E. Graham, and J. M. Oberhuber, 1994: Interdecadal variability of the Pacific Ocean: Model response to observed heat flux and wind stress anomalies. Climate Dyn., 9, 287-302.
    • (1994) Climate Dyn. , vol.9 , pp. 287-302
    • Miller, A.J.1    Cayan, D.R.2    Barnett, T.P.3    Graham, N.E.4    Oberhuber, J.M.5
  • 87
    • 0029412658 scopus 로고
    • A climatology of the warm season Great Plains low-level jet using wind profiler observations
    • Mitchell, M. J., R. A. Arritt, and K. Labas, 1995: A climatology of the warm season Great Plains low-level jet using wind profiler observations. Wea. and For., 10, 576-591.
    • (1995) Wea. and For. , vol.10 , pp. 576-591
    • Mitchell, M.J.1    Arritt, R.A.2    Labas, K.3
  • 88
    • 0034299173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of sea surface temperature anomalies on the precipitation regimes over the Southwest United States
    • Mo, K. C., and J. N. Paegle, 2000: Influence of sea surface temperature anomalies on the precipitation regimes over the Southwest United States. J. Climate, 13, 3588-3598.
    • (2000) J. Climate , vol.13 , pp. 3588-3598
    • Mo, K.C.1    Paegle, J.N.2
  • 89
    • 0030430796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climatic controls and spatial variations of precipitation in the western United States
    • Mock, C. J. 1996: Climatic controls and spatial variations of precipitation in the western United States. J. Climate, 9, 1111-1125.
    • (1996) J. Climate , vol.9 , pp. 1111-1125
    • Mock, C.J.1
  • 90
    • 0000400947 scopus 로고
    • Recent seasonal interactions between North Pacific waters and the overlying atmospheric circulation
    • Namias, J., 1959: Recent seasonal interactions between North Pacific waters and the overlying atmospheric circulation. J. Geophys. Res., 64, 631-646.
    • (1959) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.64 , pp. 631-646
    • Namias, J.1
  • 91
    • 0000606718 scopus 로고
    • Persistence of North Pacific sea surface temperature and atmospheric flow patterns
    • Namias, J., X. Yuan, and D. R. Cayan, 1988: Persistence of North Pacific sea surface temperature and atmospheric flow patterns. J. Climate, 1, 682-703.
    • (1988) J. Climate , vol.1 , pp. 682-703
    • Namias, J.1    Yuan, X.2    Cayan, D.R.3
  • 92
    • 0015050357 scopus 로고
    • Dynamical analysis of outflow from tornado-producing thunderstorms as revealed by ATS III pictures
    • Ninomiya, K., 1971a: Dynamical analysis of outflow from tornado-producing thunderstorms as revealed by ATS III pictures. J. Appl. Meteor., 10, 275-294.
    • (1971) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.10 , pp. 275-294
    • Ninomiya, K.1
  • 93
    • 0015198188 scopus 로고
    • Mesoscale modification of synoptic situations from thunderstorm development as revealed by ATS III and aerological data
    • Ninomiya, K., 1971b: Mesoscale modification of synoptic situations from thunderstorm development as revealed by ATS III and aerological data. J. Appl. Meteor., 10, 1103-1121.
    • (1971) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.10 , pp. 1103-1121
    • Ninomiya, K.1
  • 94
    • 0003683051 scopus 로고
    • PhD. Dissertation, Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, 146 pp
    • Okabe, I. T., 1995: The North American Monsoon. PhD. Dissertation, Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, 146 pp.
    • (1995) The North American Monsoon
    • Okabe, I.T.1
  • 95
    • 0024783111 scopus 로고
    • A variable resolution global model based upon Fourier and finite element representation
    • Paegle, J., 1989: A variable resolution global model based upon Fourier and finite element representation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 583-606.
    • (1989) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.117 , pp. 583-606
    • Paegle, J.1
  • 96
    • 0024830190 scopus 로고
    • Climatology of 500 mb cyclones and anticyclones, 1950-1985
    • Parker, S. S., J. T. Hawes, S. J. Colucci and B. P. Hayden, 1989: Climatology of 500 mb cyclones and anticyclones, 1950-1985. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 558-570.
    • (1989) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.117 , pp. 558-570
    • Parker, S.S.1    Hawes, J.T.2    Colucci, S.J.3    Hayden, B.P.4
  • 97
    • 0022210712 scopus 로고
    • A numerical investigation of a mesoscale convective system
    • Perkey, D.J., and R.A. Maddox, 1985: A numerical investigation of a mesoscale convective system. Mon. Wea. Rev., 113, 553-566.
    • (1985) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.113 , pp. 553-566
    • Perkey, D.J.1    Maddox, R.A.2
  • 101
    • 0000085661 scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric water vapor transport and the water balance of North America: Part I. Characteristics of the water vapor flux field
    • Rasmusson, E. M., 1967: Atmospheric water vapor transport and the water balance of North America: Part I. Characteristics of the water vapor flux field. Mon. Wea. Rev., 95, 403-426.
    • (1967) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.95 , pp. 403-426
    • Rasmusson, E.M.1
  • 102
    • 0000830685 scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric water vapor transport and the water balance of North America: Part II. Large-scale water balance investigations
    • Rasmusson, E. M., 1968: Atmospheric water vapor transport and the water balance of North America: Part II. Large-scale water balance investigations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 96, 720-734.
    • (1968) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.96 , pp. 720-734
    • Rasmusson, E.M.1
  • 103
    • 0027038324 scopus 로고
    • Synoptic climatology of thermal low-pressure systems over South-Western North America
    • Rowson, D. R., and S. J. Colucci, 1992: Synoptic climatology of thermal low-pressure systems over South-Western North America. J. Climatol., 12, 529-545.
    • (1992) J. Climatol. , vol.12 , pp. 529-545
    • Rowson, D.R.1    Colucci, S.J.2
  • 104
    • 0030441933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Water vapor transport associated with the summertime North American Monsoon as depicted by ECMWF analyses
    • Schmitz, J. T., and S. Mullen, 1996: Water vapor transport associated with the summertime North American Monsoon as depicted by ECMWF analyses. J. Climate, 9, 1621-1634.
    • (1996) J. Climate , vol.9 , pp. 1621-1634
    • Schmitz, J.T.1    Mullen, S.2
  • 106
    • 0000224452 scopus 로고
    • Simulating fluxes from heterogeneous land surfaces: Explicit subgrid method employing the biosphere-atmosphere transfer scheme (BATS)
    • Seth, A., F. Giorgi, and R. E. Dickinson, 1994: Simulating fluxes from heterogeneous land surfaces: Explicit subgrid method employing the Biosphere-Atmosphere Transfer Scheme (BATS). J. Geophys. Res., 99, 18,651-18,667.
    • (1994) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.99 , pp. 18651-18667
    • Seth, A.1    Giorgi, F.2    Dickinson, R.E.3
  • 108
    • 0034745105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of soil moisture anomalies on variability of the North American monsoon system
    • Small, E. E., 2001: The influence of soil moisture anomalies on variability of the North American monsoon system. Geophys. Res. Letters, 28, 139-142.
    • (2001) Geophys. Res. Letters , vol.28 , pp. 139-142
    • Small, E.E.1
  • 110
    • 0030322123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of a persistent, midlatitude mesoscale region of convection on the large-scale environment during the warm season
    • Stensrud, D. J., 1996: Effects of a persistent, midlatitude mesoscale region of convection on the large-scale environment during the warm season. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 3503-3527.
    • (1996) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.53 , pp. 3503-3527
    • Stensrud, D.J.1
  • 111
    • 5244270843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surges over the Gulf of California during the Mexican monsoon
    • Stensrud, D. J., R. L. Gall, and M. K. Nordquist, 1997: Surges over the Gulf of California during the Mexican Monsoon. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 417-437.
    • (1997) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.125 , pp. 417-437
    • Stensrud, D.J.1    Gall, R.L.2    Nordquist, M.K.3
  • 113
    • 0021549052 scopus 로고
    • Plateau monsoons of the Northern Hemisphere: A comparison between North America and Tibet
    • Tang., M. And E. R. Reiter, 1984: Plateau monsoons of the Northern Hemisphere: A comparison between North America and Tibet. Mon. Wea. Rev., 112, 617-637.
    • (1984) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.112 , pp. 617-637
    • Tang, M.1    Reiter, E.R.2
  • 114
    • 0031212919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Summertime U.S. precipitation variability and its relation to Pacific sea surface temperature
    • Ting, M. and H. Wang, 1997: Summertime U.S. precipitation variability and its relation to Pacific sea surface temperature. J. Climate, 10, 1853-1873.
    • (1997) J. Climate , vol.10 , pp. 1853-1873
    • Ting, M.1    Wang, H.2
  • 115
    • 0028580006 scopus 로고
    • Decadal atmosphere-ocean variations in the Pacific
    • Trenberth, K.E., and J. W. Hurrell, 1994: Decadal atmosphere-ocean variations in the Pacific. Climate Dyn., 9, 303-319.
    • (1994) Climate Dyn. , vol.9 , pp. 303-319
    • Trenberth, K.E.1    Hurrell, J.W.2
  • 117
    • 0029412494 scopus 로고
    • The effect of Eurasian snow cover on the Indian monsoon
    • Vernekar, A. D., J. Zhou, and J. Shukla, 1995: The effect of Eurasian snow cover on the Indian monsoon. J. Climate, 8, 248-266.
    • (1995) J. Climate , vol.8 , pp. 248-266
    • Vernekar, A.D.1    Zhou, J.2    Shukla, J.3
  • 118
    • 0032458688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The operational GOES infrared rainfall estimation technique
    • Vicente, G. A, R. A. Scofield, and W. P. Menzel, 1998: The operational GOES infrared rainfall estimation technique. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 79, 1983 - 1998.
    • (1998) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc , vol.79 , pp. 1983-1998
    • Vicente, G.A.1    Scofield, R.A.2    Menzel, W.P.3
  • 119
    • 0001407965 scopus 로고
    • Diurnal variations in precipitation and thunderstorm frequency over the conterminous United States
    • Wallace, J. M., 1975: Diurnal variations in precipitation and thunderstorm frequency over the conterminous United States. Mon. Wea. Rev., 103, 406-419.
    • (1975) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.103 , pp. 406-419
    • Wallace, J.M.1
  • 120
    • 0000968249 scopus 로고
    • The elementary monsoon
    • J. S. Fein and P. L. Stephens, Eds., John Wiley and Sons
    • Webster, P. J., 1987: The elementary monsoon. Monsoons, J. S. Fein and P. L. Stephens, Eds., John Wiley and Sons, 3-32.
    • (1987) Monsoons , pp. 3-32
    • Webster, P.J.1
  • 121
    • 0027065333 scopus 로고
    • Monsoon and ENSO: Selectively interactive systems
    • Webster, P. J., and S. Yang, 1992: Monsoon and ENSO: selectively interactive systems. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 118, 877-926.
    • (1992) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.118 , pp. 877-926
    • Webster, P.J.1    Yang, S.2
  • 122
    • 0019747294 scopus 로고
    • Geographical and seasonal distribution of North American cyclogenesis, 1958-1977
    • Whittaker, L. M. and L. H. Horn, 1981: Geographical and seasonal distribution of North American cyclogenesis, 1958-1977. Mon. Wea. Rev., 109, 2312-2322
    • (1981) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.109 , pp. 2312-2322
    • Whittaker, L.M.1    Horn, L.H.2
  • 123
    • 0001677269 scopus 로고
    • The mesoscale forcing of a midlatitude upper-tropospheric jet streak by a simulated convective system. Part I: Mass circulation and ageostrophic processes
    • Wolf, B.J., and D.R. Johnson, 1995a: The mesoscale forcing of a midlatitude upper-tropospheric jet streak by a simulated convective system. Part I: Mass circulation and ageostrophic processes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 1059-1087.
    • (1995) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.123 , pp. 1059-1087
    • Wolf, B.J.1    Johnson, D.R.2
  • 124
    • 0001677268 scopus 로고
    • The mesoscale forcing of a midlatitude upper-tropospheric jet streak by a simulated convective system. Part II: Kinetic energy and resolution analysis
    • Wolf, B.J., and D.R. Johnson, 1995b: The mesoscale forcing of a midlatitude upper-tropospheric jet streak by a simulated convective system. Part II: Kinetic energy and resolution analysis. Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 1088-1111.
    • (1995) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.123 , pp. 1088-1111
    • Wolf, B.J.1    Johnson, D.R.2
  • 125
    • 0030482032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analyses of global monthly precipitation using gauge observations, satellite estimates and numerical model predictions
    • Xie, P. and P. A. Arkin, 1996: Analyses of global monthly precipitation using gauge observations, satellite estimates and numerical model predictions. J. Climate, 9, 840-858.
    • (1996) J. Climate , vol.9 , pp. 840-858
    • Xie, P.1    Arkin, P.A.2
  • 126
    • 0032004101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global monthly precipitation estimates from satellite-observed outgoing longwave radiation
    • Xie, P. and P. A. Arkin, 1998: Global monthly precipitation estimates from satellite-observed Outgoing Longwave Radiation. J. Climate, 11, 137-164.
    • (1998) J. Climate , vol.11 , pp. 137-164
    • Xie, P.1    Arkin, P.A.2
  • 127
    • 0030430797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Precursory signals associated with the interannual variability of the Asian summer monsoon
    • Yang, S., K. M. Lau, and M. Sankar-Rao, 1996: Precursory signals associated with the interannual variability of the Asian summer monsoon. J. Climate, 9, 949-969.
    • (1996) J. Climate , vol.9 , pp. 949-969
    • Yang, S.1    Lau, K.M.2    Sankar-Rao, M.3
  • 128
    • 0035303051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the simulations of the North American monsoon in the NCAR CCM3
    • Yang, Z.-L., D. Gochis, and W.J. Shuttleworth, 2001a: Evaluation of the simulations of the North American monsoon in the NCAR CCM3, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28(7), 1211-1214.
    • (2001) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.28 , Issue.7 , pp. 1211-1214
    • Yang, Z.-L.1    Gochis, D.2    Shuttleworth, W.J.3
  • 129
    • 0012781810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of sea surface temperature on the North American monsoon: A GCM study
    • submitted
    • Yang, Z.-L., D. Gochis, W.J. Shuttleworth and G.-Y. Niu, 2001b: The impact of sea surface temperature on the North American monsoon: A GCM study, Geophys. Res. Lett., 2001b, (submitted).
    • (2001) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.2001 B
    • Yang, Z.-L.1    Gochis, D.2    Shuttleworth, W.J.3    Niu, G.-Y.4
  • 130
    • 0025590319 scopus 로고
    • Impact of the Indian monsoon on the coupled atmosphere/ocean system in the tropical Pacific
    • Yasunari, T., 1990: Impact of the Indian monsoon on the coupled atmosphere / ocean system in the tropical Pacific. Meteorol. and Atmos. Phys., 44, 29-41.
    • (1990) Meteorol. and Atmos. Phys. , vol.44 , pp. 29-41
    • Yasunari, T.1
  • 131
    • 24944482757 scopus 로고
    • Local and remote responses to excessive snow mass over Eurasia appearing in the northern spring and summer climate - A study with the MRI-GCM
    • Yasunari, T., A. Kitoh and T. Tokioka, 1991: Local and remote responses to excessive snow mass over Eurasia appearing in the northern spring and summer climate - A study with the MRI-GCM. J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 69, 473-487.
    • (1991) J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn. , vol.69 , pp. 473-487
    • Yasunari, T.1    Kitoh, A.2    Tokioka, T.3
  • 132
    • 84989514792 scopus 로고
    • Role of the Asian monsoon on the interannual variability of the global climate system
    • Yasunari, T., and Y. Seki, 1992: Role of the Asian monsoon on the interannual variability of the global climate system. J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 70, 177-189.
    • (1992) J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn. , vol.70 , pp. 177-189
    • Yasunari, T.1    Seki, Y.2
  • 133
    • 0032759770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The interaction of easterly waves, orography and the inter-tropical convergence zone in the genesis of eastern Pacific tropical cyclones
    • Zehnder, J. A., D. Powell, and D. Ropp, 1999: The interaction of easterly waves, orography and the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone in the genesis of eastern Pacific tropical cyclones. Mon. Wea. Rev.,127, 15661585.
    • (1999) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.127 , pp. 1566-1585
    • Zehnder, J.A.1    Powell, D.2    Ropp, D.3
  • 134
    • 0029412318 scopus 로고
    • Enhancement of extratropical cyclogenesis by a mesoscale convective svstem
    • Zhang, D.-L., and R. Harvey, 1995: Enhancement of extratropical cyclogenesis by a mesoscale convective svstem. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 1107-1127.
    • (1995) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.52 , pp. 1107-1127
    • Zhang, D.-L.1    Harvey, R.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.