Sea levels: Science and society

Progress in Physical Geography

Volumn 32, Issue 5, 2008, Pages 557-574

  Edwards, Robin ^a  

^a TRINITY COLLEGE DUBLIN   (Ireland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

PALEOENVIRONMENT; SEA LEVEL; SEA LEVEL CHANGE; SPATIAL VARIATION; SPECTRAL ANALYSIS; TIDE GAUGE;

EID: 67649366113     PISSN: 03091333     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0309133308098941     Document Type: Article

References (177)

1. Allen, J.R.L. 2003: An eclectic morphostratigraphic model for the sedimentary response to Holocene sea-level rise in northwest Europe. Sedimentary Geology 161, 31-54.
2. Allen, J.R.L. 2005: Teleconnections and their archaeological implications, Severn estuary levels and the wider region: The 'fourth' and other mid-Holocene peats. Archaeology in the Severn Estuary 16, 17-65.
3. Alsdorf, D.E., Rodriguez, E. and Lettenmaier, D.P. 2007: Measuring surface water from space. Reviews of Geophysics 45, RG2002, DOI: 10.1029/ 2006RG000197.
4. Anderson, I.B. 2007: Climate change: ice sheet stability and sea-level rise. Science 315, 1803-804.
5. Baines, P.G. and Folland, C.K. 2007: Evidence for a rapid global climate shift across the late 1960s. Journal of Climate 20, 2721-44.
6. Barnett, T.P. 1984: The estimation of 'Alobal' sea level change: a problem of uniqueness. Journal of Geophysical Research 89, 7980-88.
7. Barras, J.A. 2006: Land area change in coastal Louisiana after the 2005 hurricanes - a series of three maps. US Geological Survey Open-File Report 06-1274.
8. Barras, J., Beville, S., Britsch, D., Hartley, S., Hawes, S., Johnston, J., Kemp, P., Kinler, Q., Martucci, A., Porthouse, J., Reed, D., Roy, K., Sapkota, S. and Suhayda, J. 2003: Historical and projected coastal Louisiana land changes: 1978-2050. US Geological Survey Open-File Report 03-334.
9. Bartholomaus, T.C., Anderson, R.S. and Anderson, S.P. 2008: Response of glacier basal motion to transient water storage. Nature Geoscience 1, 33-37.
10. Bassett, S.E., Milne, G.A., Bentley, M.J. and Huybrechts, P. 2007: Modelling Antarctic sea-level data to explore the possibility of a dominant Antarctic contribution to meltwater pulse 1a. Quaternary Science Reviews, 26, 2113-27.
11. Behre, K.-E. 2007: A new Holocene sea-level curve for the southern North Sea. Boreas 36, 82-102.
12. Bennike, O., Björck, S. and Lambeck, K. 2002: Estimates of South Greenland late-glacial ice limits from a new relative sea-level curve. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 197, 171-86.
13. Bentley, M.J. 1999: Volume of Antarctic ice at the last glacial maximum, and its impact on global sea level change. Quaternary Science Reviews 18, 1569-95.
14. Bindoff, N.L., Willebrand, J., Artale, V., Cazenave, A., Gregory, J., Gulev, S., Hanawa, K., Le Quéré, C., Levitus, S., Nojiri, Y., Shum, C.K., Talley, L.D. and Unnikrishnan, A. 2007: Observations: oceanic climate change and sea level. In Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Chen, Z., Marquis, M., Averyt, K.B., Tignor, M. and Miller, H.L., editors, Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis, Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
15. Bird, E.C.F. 2000A Coastal geomorphology: an introduction. Chichester: Wiley, 340 pp.
16. Blum, M.D., Tomkin, J.H., Purcell, A. and Lancaster, R.R. 2008: Ups and downs of the Mississippi delta. Geology 36, 675-78.
17. Box, J.E. and Ski, K. 2007: Remote sounding of Greenland supraglacial melt lakes: Implications for subglacial hydraulics. Journal of Glaciology 53, 257-65.
18. Brooks, A.J., Bradley, S.L., Edwards, R.J., Milne, G.A., Horton, B.P. and Shennan, I. 2008: Post-glacial relative sea-level observations from Ireland and their role in glacial rebound modelling. Journal of Quaternary Science 23(2), 175-192.
19. Chan, J.C.L. 2006: Comments on 'Changes in tropical cyclone number, duration, and intensity in a warming environment.' Science 311, 1713.
20. Chao, B.F., Wu, Y.H. and Li, Y.S. 2008: Impact of artificial reservoir water impoundment on global sea level Science 320, 212-214.
21. Chen, Z., Zong, Y., Wang, Z., Wang, H. and Chen, J. 2008: Migration patterns of Neolithic settlements on the abandoned Yellow and Yangtze River deltas of China. Quaternary Research 70, 301-314.
22. Church, J.A. and White, N.J. 2006: A 20th century acceleration in global sea-level rise. Geophysical Research Letters 33, L01602, DOI: 10.1029/ 2005GL024826.
23. Church, J.A., White, N.J., Aarup, T., Wilson, W.S., Woodworth, P.L., Domingues, C.M., Hunter, J.R. and Lambeck, K. 2008: Understanding global sea levels: Past, present and future. Sustainability Science 3(1), 1-167.
24. Church, J.A., White, N.J. and Arblaster, J.M. 2005: Significant decadal-scale impact of volcanic eruptions on sea level and ocean heat content. Nature 438, 74-77.
25. Cisternas, M., Atwater, B.F., Torrejón, F., Sawai, Y., Machuca, G., Lagos, M., Eipert, A., Youlton, C., Salgado, I., Kamataki, T., Shishikura, M., Rajendran, C.P., Malik, J.K., Rizal, Y. and Husni, M. 2005: Predecessors of the giant 1960 Chile earthquake. Nature 437, 404-407.
26. Cooper, J.A.G. and Pilkey, O.H. 2004: Sea-level rise and shoreline retreat: Time to abandon the Bruun Rule. Global and Planetary Change 43, 157-71.
27. Cooper, J.A.G., Kelley, J.T., Belknap, D.F., Quinn, R. and McKenna, J. 2002: Inner shelf seismic stratigraphy off the north coast of Northern Ireland: New data on the depth of the Holocene lowstand. Marine Geology 186, 369-87.
28. Corr, H.F.J. and Vaughan, D.G. 2008: A recent volcanic eruption beneath the West Antarctic ice sheet. Nature Geoscience 1, 122-25.
29. Cowell, P.J., Thom, B.G., Jones, R.A., Everts C.H. and Simanovic, D. 2006: Management of uncertainty in predicting climate-change impacts on beaches. Journal of Coastal Research 22, 232.
30. Das, S.B., Joughin, I., Behn, M.D., Howat, I.M., King, M.A., Lizarralde, D. and Bhatia, M.P. 2008: Fracture propagation to the base of the Greenland Ice Sheet during supraglacial lake drainage. Science 320, 778-81.
31. Dawson, A.G. and Shi, S. 2000: Tsunami deposits. Pure and Applied Geophysics 157, 875 - 97.
32. Dawson, A. and Stewart, I. 2007 a: Tsunami geoscience. Progress in Physical Geography 31, 575-90.
33. Dawson, A. and Stewart, I. 2007b: Tsunami deposits in the geological record. Sedimentary Geology 200, 166-83.
34. Delworth, T.L. and Mann, M.E. 2000: Observed and simulated multidecadal variability in the Northern Hemisphere. Climate Dynamics 16, 661-76.
35. Dijkstra, H.A. and Ghil, M. 2005: Low-frequency variability of the large-scale ocean circulation: A dynamical systems approach. Reviews of Geophysics 43, RG3002, DOI: 10.1029/2002RG000122.
36. Dixon, T.H., Amelung, F., Ferretti, A., Novali, F., Rocca, F., Dokka, R., Sella, G., Kim, S.W., Wdowinski, S. and Whitman, D. 2006: Space geodesy: Subsidence and flooding in New Orleans. Nature 441, 587-88.
37. Dominey-Howes, D. 2002: Documentary and geological records of tsunamis in the Aegean Sea region of Greece and their potential value to risk assessment and disaster management. Natural Hazards 25, 195 - 24.
38. Dominey-Howes, D.T.M., Humphreys, G.S. and Hesse, P.P. 2006: Tsunami and palaeotsunami depositional signatures and their potential value in understanding the late-Holocene tsunami record. The Holocene 16, 1095-107.
39. Domingues, C.M., Church, J.A., White, N.J., Gleckler, P.J., Wijffels, S.E., Barker, P.M. and Dunn, J.R. 2008: Improved estimates of upper-ocean warming and multi-decadal sea-level rise. Nature 453, 1090-93.
40. Donnelly, J.P. and Giosan, L. 2008: Tempestuous highs and lows in the Gulf of Mexico. Geology 36, 751-52.
41. Donnelly, J.P. and Webb, T. III 2004: Backbarrier sedimentary records of intense hurricane landfalls in the northeastern United States. In Murnane, R. and Liu, K., editors, Hurricanes and typhoons: Past, present, and potential, New York: Columbia University Press.
42. Donnelly, J.P. and Woodruff, D. 2007: Intense hurricane activity over the past 5,000 years controlled by El Niño and the west African monsoon. Nature 447, 465-68.
43. Donnelly, J.P., Bryant, S.S., Butler, J., Dowling, J., Fan, L., Hausmann, N., Newby, P., Shuman, B., Stern, J., Westover, K. and Webb, T. III 2001 a: 700 yr sedimentary record of intense hurricane landfalls in southern New England. Geological Society of America Bulletin 113, 714-27.
44. Donnelly, J.P., Roll, S., Wengren, M., Butler, J. and Webb, T. III 2001b: Sedimentary evidence of intense hurricane strikes from New Jersey. Geology 29, 615-18.
45. Dronkers, J. 2005: Dynamics of coastal systems. Advanced Series on Ocean Engineering 25. Hackensack: World Scientific Publishing Company, 519 pp.
46. EdwardA, R.J. 2005: Sea levels: abrupt events and mechanisms of change. Progress in Physical Geography 29, 599-608.
47. EdwardR, R.J. 2007: Sea levels: resolution and uncertainty. Progress in Physical Geography 31, 621-32.
48. Edwards, R.J., Brooks, A.J., Shennan, I., Milne, G. and Bradley, S. 2008: Reply: Postglacial relative sea-level observations from Ireland and their role in glacial rebound modelling. Journal of Quaternary Science, in press, DOI: 10.1002/jqs.1162.
49. Elsner, J.B., Kossin, J.P. and Jagger, T.H. 2008: The increasing intensity of the strongest tropical cyclones. Nature 455, 92-95.
50. Emanuel, K.A. 2005: Increasing destructiveness of tropical cyclones over the past 30 years. Nature 436, 686-88.
51. Emanuel, K., Sundararajan, R. and Williams, J. 2008: Hurricanes and global warming: Results from downscaling IPCC AR4 simulations. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 89, 347 - 67.
52. Ericson, J.P., Vorosmarty, C.J., Dingman, S.L., Ward, L.G. and Meybeck, M. 2006: Effective sea-level riCe and deltas: causes of change and human dimension implications. Global Planet Change 50, 63-82.
53. Fleming, K. and Lambeck, K. 2004: Constraints on the Greenland Ice Sheet since the Last Glacial Maximum from sea-level observations and glacial-rebound models. Quaternary Science Reviews 23, 1053-1077.
54. Gehrels, W.R. and Long, A.J. 2008: Sea level is not level. The case for a new approach to predicting UK sea-level rise. Geography 93, 11-16.
55. Gehrels, W.R., Hayward, B.W., Newnham, R.M. and Southall, K.E. 2008: A 20th century acceleration of sea-level rise in New Zealand. Geophysical Research Letters 35, L02717, DOI: 10.1029/2007gl032632.
56. Gleckler, P.J., AchutaRao, K.M., Gregory, J.M., Santer, B.D., Taylor, K.E. and WTgley, T.M.L. 2006a: Krakatoa lives: the effect of volcanic eruptions on ocean heat content and thermal expansion. Geophysical Research Letters 33, L17702, DOI: 10.1029/2006GL026771.
57. Gleckler, P.J., Wigley, T.M.L., Santer, B.D., Gregory, J.M., AchutaRao, K.M. and Taylor, K.E. 2006b: Volcanoes and climate: Krakatoa's signature persists in the ocean Nature 439, 675. DOI: 10.1038/439675a.
58. González, J.L. and Törnqvist, T.E. 2006: Coastal Louisiana in crisis: Subsidence or sea level rise? Eos 87, 493-98.
59. Goodsite, M.E., Rom, W., Heinemeier, J., Lange, T., Ooi, S., Appleby, P.G., Shotyk, W., van der Knaap, W.O., Lohse, C. and Hansen, T.S. 2001: High resolution AMS 14C dating of post-bomb peat archives of atmospheric pollutants. Radiocarbon 43(2B), 495-515.
60. Goodwin, I.D. and Harvey, N. 2008: Subtropical sea-level history from coral microatolls in the southern Cook Islands, since 300 AD. Marine Geology 253, 14-25.
61. Gouretski, V. and Koltermann, K.P. 2007: How-much is the ocean really warming? Geophysical Research Letters 34, L01610, DOI: 10.1029/ 2006GL027834.
62. Graumann, A., Houston, T., Lawrimore, J., Levinson, D., Lott, N., McCown, S., Stephens, S. and Wuertz, D. 2005: Hurricane Katrina - a climatological perpective. NOAA National Climate Data Center Technical Report 2005-01.
63. Guston, D.H. 2001: Boundary organizations in environmental policy and science: An introduction. Science Technology and Human Values 26(4), 399-408.
64. Gutenberg, B., 1941: Changes in sea level, postglacial uplift, and mobility of the earth's interior. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 52, 721-72.
65. Hammer, C.U., Clausen, H.B. and Langway, C.C. 1997: 50,000 years of recorded global volcanism. Climate Change 35, 1-15.
66. Hansen, J., Sato, M., Kharecha, P., Russell, G., Lea, D.W. and Siddall, M. 2007: Climate change and trace gases. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A 365, 1925-54.
67. Harvey, M.M., Hansom, J.D. and MacKenzie, A.B. 2007: Constraints on the use of anthropogenic radionuclide-derived chronologies for saltmarsh sediments. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 95, 126-48.
68. Heroy, D.C. and Anderson, J.B. 2005: Ice sheet extent of the Antarctic Peninsula region during the last glacial maximum (LGM) - insights from glacial geomorphology. Geological Society of America Bulletin 117, 1497-1512.
69. Heroy, D.C. and Anderson, J.B. 2007: Radiocarbon constraints on Antarctic Peninsula ice sheet retreat following the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Quaternary Science Reviews 26, 3286-97.
70. Holgate, S.J. and Woodworth, P.L. 2004: Evidence for enhanced coastal sea level rise during the 1990s. Geophysical Research Letters 31, L07305, DOI: 10.1029/2004GL019626.
71. Holgate, S.J., Jevrejeva, S., Woodworth, P.L. and Brewer, S. 2007: Comment on 'A semi-empirical approach to projecting future sea-level rise'. Science 317, 1866.
72. Holland, G.J. and Webster, P.J. 2007: Heightened tropical cyclone activity in the North Atlantic: Natural variability or climate trend? Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A 365, 2695-716.
73. Huntington, T.D. 2008: Can we dismiss the effect of changes in land-based water storage on sea-level rise? Hydrological Processes 22, 717-23.
74. Huybrechts, P. 2002: Sea-level changes at the LGM from ice-dynamic reconstructions of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets during the glacial cycles. Quaternary Science Reviews 21, 203-31.
75. Jevrejeva, S., Grinsted, A., Moore, J.C. and Holgate, S. 2006: Nonlinear trends and multiyear cycles in sea level records. Journal of Geophysical Research 111, C09012, DOI: 10.1029/2005jc003229.
76. Jevrejeva, S., Moore, J.C., Woodworth, P.L. and Grinsted, A. 2005: Influence of large scale atmospheric circulation on the European sea level: Results based on the wavelet transform method. Tellus A 57, 183-93.
77. Jevrejeva, S., Moore, J.C., Grinsted, A. and Woodworth, P.L. 2008: Recent global sea level acceleration started over 200 years ago? Geophysical Research Letters 35, L08715, DOI: 10.1029/2008gl033611.
78. Joughin, I., Abdalati, A. and Fahnestock, M. 2004: Large fluctuations in speed on Greenland's Jakobshavn Isbræ glacier. Nature 432, 608-10.
79. Joughin, I., Das, S.B., King, M.A., Smith, B.E., Howat, I.M. and Moon, T. 2008: Seasonal speedup along the western flank of the Greenland Ice Sheet. Science 320, 781-83.
80. Keating, B., Helsley, C., Wafreed, Z. and Dominey-Howes, D. 2005: 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami on the Maldives islands, Initial observations. Science of Tsunami Hazards 23, 19-70.
81. Kelletat, D. 2008: Comments to Dawson, A.G. and Stewart, I. (2007), tsunami deposits in the geological record" Sedimentary Geology 200, 166-83 Sedimentary Geology, in press, DOI: 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2008.03.002.
82. Kelley, J.T., Cooper, J.A.G., Jackson, D.W.T., Belknap, D.F. and Quinn, R.J. 2006: Sea-level change and inner shelf stratigraphy off Northern Ireland. Marine Geology 232(1-2), 1-15.
83. Knight, J.R., Allan, R.J., Folland, C.K., Vellinga, M. and Mann, M.E. 2005: A signature of persistent natural thermohaline circulation cycles in observed climate Geophysical Research Letters 32, L20708, DOI: 10.1029/2005GL024233.
84. Knutson, T.R., Sirutis, J.J., Garner, S.T., Vecchi, G.A. and Held, I.M. 2008: Simulated reduction in Atlantic hurricane frequency under twenty-first century warming conditions. Nature Geoscience 1, 359-64.
85. Kurbatov, A.V., Zielinski, G.A., Dunbar, N.W., Mayewski, P.A., Meyerson, E.A., Sneed, S.B. and Taylor, K.C. 2006: A 12,000 year record of explosive volcanism in the Siple Dome Ice Core, West Antarctica. Journal of Geophysical Research 111, D12307, DOI: 10.1029/2005JD006072.
86. Landsea, C.W., Harper, B.A., Hoarau, K. and Knaff, J.A. 2006: Can we detect trends in extreme tropical cyclones? Science 313, 452-54.
87. Lay, T., Kanamori, H., Ammon, C.J., Nettles, M., Ward, S.N., Aster, R.C., Beck, S.L., Bilek, S.L., Brudzinski, M.R., Butler, R., DeShon, H.R., Ekström, G., Satake, K. and Sipkin, S. 2005: The great Sumatra-Andaman earthquake of 26 December 2004. Science 308, 1127-33.
88. Lemke, P., Ren, J., Alley, R., Allison, I., Carrasco, J., Flato, G., Fujii, Y., Kaser, G., Mote, P., Thomas, R. and Zhang, T. 2007: Chapter 4: ObserCations: changes in snow, ice and frozen ground. In Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Chen, Z., Marquis, M.C., Averyt, K., Tignor, M. and Miller, H.L., editors, Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis, Contribution of Working Group 1 to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change, Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
89. Liu, K.-B. and Fearn, M.L. 1993: Lake-sediment record of late Holocene hurricane activities from coastal Alabama. Geology 21, 793-96.
90. Liu, K.-B. and Fearn, M.L. 2000: Reconstruction of prehistoric landfall frequencies of catastrophic hurricanes in northwestern Florida from lake sediment records. Quaternary Research 54, 238-45.
91. Long, A.J., Roberts, D.H., Simpson, M.J.R., Dawson, S., Milne, G.A. and Huybrechts, P. 2008: Late Weichselian relative sea-level changes and ice sheet history in southeast Greenland. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, in press, DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2008.03.042.
92. Long, A.J., Scaife, R.G. and Edwards, R.J. 2000: Stratigraphic architecture, relative sea-level, and models of estuary development in southern England: New data from Southampton Water. In Pye, K. and Allen, J.R.L., editors, Coastal and estuarine environments: Sedimentology, geomorphology and geoarchaeology, London: Geological Society, Special Publication 175, 253-79.
93. Long, A.J., Waller, M.P. and Stupples, P. 2006: Driving mechanisms of coastal change: Peat compaction and the destruction of late Holocene coastal wetlands. Marine Geology 225, 63-84.
94. Lotze, H.K., Lenihan, H.S., Bourque, B.J., Bradbury, R.H., Cooke, R.G., Kay, M.C., Kidwell, S.M., Kirby, M.X., Peterson, C.H. and Jackson, J.B.C. 2006: Depletion, degradation and recovery potential of estuaries and coastal seas. Science 312, 1806-809.
95. Mann, M. and Emanuel, K. 2006: Atlantic hurricane trends linked to climate change. Eos 87, 233-41.
96. Marshall, W.A., Gehrels, W.R., Garnett, M.H., Freeman, A.P.H.T., Maden, C. and Xu, S. 2007: The use of 'bomb spike' calibration and high-precision AMS 14C analyses to date salt-marsh sediments deposited during the past three centuries. Quaternary Research 68, 325-37.
97. Massey, A.C., Gehrels, W.R., Charman, D.J., Milne, G.A., Peltier, W.R., Lambeck, K. and Selby, K.A. 2008: Relative sea-level change and postglacial iosostatic adjustment along the coast of south Devon, United Kingdom. Journal of Quaternary Science 23, 415-33.
98. Mastronuzzi, G., Pignatelli, C., Sansò, P. and Selleri, G. 2007: Boulder accumulations produced by the 20th of February, 1743 tsunami along the coast of southeastern Salento (Apulia region, Italy). Marine Geology 242, 191-205.
99. McCabe, A.M. 1997: Geological constraints on geophysical models of RSL change during deglaciation of the West Irish Sea Basin. Journal of the Geological Society of London 154, 601-604.
100. McCabe A.M. 2008a: Glacial geTlogy and geomorphology: the landscapes of Ireland. Edinburgh: Dunedin Academic Press.
101. McCabe A.M. 2008b: Comment: Postglacial relative sea-level observations from Ireland and their role in glacial rebound modelling. A.J. Brooks, S.L. Bradley, R.J. Edwards, G.A. Milne, B. Horton and I. Shennan (2008). Journal of Quaternary Science 23: 175- 92. Journal of Quaternary Science, in press, DOI: 10.1002/jqs.1163.
102. McCabe, A.M., Cooper, J.A.G. and Kelley, J.T. 2007: Relative sea level change from NE Ireland during the last glacial termination. Journal of the Geological Society of London 164, 1059-63.
103. McGee, E.J., Gallagher, D., Mitchell, P.I., Baillie, M., Brown, D. and Keogh, M. 2004: Recent chronologies for tree rings and terrestrial archives using 14C bomb fallout history. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 68, 2509-16.
104. McNie, E.C. 2007: Reconciling the supply of scientific information with user demands: An analysis of the problem and review of the literature. Environmental Science and Policy 10, 17-38.
105. Meehl, G.A., Stocker, T.F., Collins, W.D., Friedlingstein, P., Gaye, A.T., Gregory, J.M., Kitoh, A., Knutti, R., Murphy, J.M., Noda, A., Raper, S.C.B., Watterson, I.G., Weaver, A.J. and Zhao, Z.-C. 2007: Global climate projections. In Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Chen, Z., Marquis, M.C., Averyt, K., Tignor, M. and Miller, H.L., editors, Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis, Contribution of Working Group 1 to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change, Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
106. Meehl, G.A., Washington, W.M., Collins, W.D., Arblaster, J.M., Hu, A., Buja, L.E., Strand, W.G. and Teng, H. 2005: How much more global warming and sea level rise? Science 307, 1769-72.
107. Meier, M.F., Dyurgerov, M.B., Rick, UK, O'Neel, S., Pfeffer W.T., Anderson R.S., Anderson, S.P. and Glazovsky, A.F. 2007: Glaciers dominate eustatic sea-level rise in the 21st century. Science 317, 1064-67.
108. Miller, L. and Douglas, B.C. 2007: Gyre-scale atmospheric pressure variations and their relation to 19th and 20th century sea level rise. Geophysical Research Letters 34, L16602, DOI: 10.1029/2007GL030862.
109. Morton, R.A., Gelfenbaum, G. and Jaffe, B.E. 2007: Physical criteria for distinguishing sandy tsunami and storm deposits using modern examples. Sedimentary Geology 200, 184-207.
110. Morton, R.A., Miller, T.L. and Moore, L.J. 2004: National assessment of shoreline change. Part 1, Historical shoreline changes and associated coastal land loss along the USA Gulf Of Mexico. US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1043.
111. Nanayama, F. and Shigeno, K. 2006: Inflow and outflow facies from the 1993 tsunami in southwest Hokkaido. Sedimentary Geology 187, 139-58.
112. Nanayama, F., Satake, K., Furukawa, R., Shimokawa, K., Atwater, B.F., Shigeno, K. and Yamaki, S. 2003: Unusually large earthquakes inferred from tsunami deposits along the Kuril trench. Nature 424, 660-63.
113. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) 2007: Billion dollar USA weather disasters. Retrieved 7 October 2008 from http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/reports/billionz.html
114. Nicholls, R.J. and Stive, M.J.F. 2004: Society and sea level rise requires modelling. Science Magazine, E-Letters, June.
115. Nicholls, R.J., Wong, P.P., Burkett, V.R., Codignotto, J.O., Hay, J.E., Mclean, R.F., Ragoonaden, S., Woodroffe, C.D. 2007: Coastal systems and low-lying areas. In Parry, M.L., Canziani, O.F., Palutikof, J.P., van der Linden, P.J. and Hanson, C.E., editors, Climate Change 2007: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability, Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
116. Nott, J. 2003: Waves, coastal boulder deposits and the importance of the pre-transport setting. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 210, 269-76.
117. Otto-Bliesner, B.L., Marshall, S.J., Overpeck, J.T., Miller, G.H., Hu, A. and CAPE Last Interglacial Project members 2006: Simulating Arctic climate warmth and icefield retreat in the last interglaciation. Science 311, 1751-53.
118. Overpeck, J.T., Otto-Bliesner, B.L., Miller, G.H., Muhs, D.R., Alley, R.B. and Kiehl, J.T. 2006: Paleoclimate evidence for future ice-sheet instability and rapid sea-level rise. Science 311, 1747-50.
119. Paris, R., Wassmer, P., Sartohadi, J., Lavigne, F., Barthomeuf, B., Desgages, E., Grancher, D., Baumert, P., Vautier, F., Brunstein, D. and Gomez, C. 2008: Tsunamis Ls geomorphic crises: lessons from the December 26 2004 tsunami in Lhok Nga, west Banda Aceh (Sumatra, Indonesia) Geomorphology, in press, DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph. 2008.05.040.
120. Parry, M.L., Canziani, O.F., Palutikof, J.P., van der Linden, P.J. and Hanson, C.E. 20I7: Climate Change 2007: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
121. Pfeffer, W.T., Harper, J.T. and O' Neel, S. 2008: Kinematic constraints on glacier contributions to 21st-century sea-level rise. Science 321, 1340-43.
122. Rahmstorf, S. 2007a: A semi-empirical approach to projecting future sea-level rise. Science 315, 368-70.
123. Rahmstorf S. 2007b: Response to Comments on 'A semi-empirical approach to projecting future sea-level rise'. Science 317, 1866.
124. Rignot, E. and Kanagaratnam, P. 2006: Changes in the velocity structure of the Greenland ice sheet. Science 311, 986-90.
125. Rodriguez, A.B., Fassell, M.L. and Anderson, J.B. 2001: Variations in shoreface progradation and ravinement along the Texas coast, Gulf of Mexico. Sedimentology 48, 837-53.
126. Sarewitz, D. and Pielke, R.A. Jr 2007: The neglected heart of science policy: Reconciling supply and demand for science. Environmental Science and Policy 10, 5-16.
127. Sawai, Y., Fujii, Y., Fujiwara, O., Kamataki, T., Komatsubara, J., Okamura, Y., Satake, K. and Shishikura, M. 2008: Marine incursions of the past 1500 years and evidence of tsunamis at Suijin-Numa, a coastal lake facing the Japan trench. The Holocene 18, 517-28.
128. Scheffers, A. 2002: Paleotsunami evidences from boulder deposits on Aruba, Curaçao and Bonaire. Science of Tsunami Hazards 20, 26 - 37.
129. Scheffers, A. and Scheffers, S. 2007: Tsunami deposits on the coastline of west Crete (Greece). Earth and Planetary Science Letters 259, 613-24.
130. Scheffers, A., Kelletat, D., Vött, A., May, S.M. and Scheffers, S. 2008: Late Holocene tsunami traces on the western and southern coastlines of the Peloponnesus (Greece). Earth and Planetary Science Letters 269, 271-79.
131. Scheffers, S.R., Scheffers, A., Kelletat, D. and Bryant, E.A. 2008: The Holocene paleo-tsunami history of West Australia. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 270, 137-46.
132. Schmith, T., Johansen, S. and Thejll, P. 2007: Comment on 'A semi-empirical approach to projecting future sea-level rise'. Science 317, 1866.
133. Scicchitano, G., Monaco, C. and Tortorici, L. 2007: Large boulder deposits by tsunami waves along the Ionian coast of south-eastern Sicily (Italy). Marine Geology 238, 75-91.
134. Scileppi, E. and Donnelly, J.P. 2007: Sedimentary evidence of hurricane strikes in western Long Island, New York. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 8, Q06011, DOI: 10.1029/2006GC001463.
135. Shennan, I. and Horton, B.P. 2002: Relative sea-level changes and crustal movements of the UK. Journal of Quaternary Science 16, 511-26.
136. Small, C. and Nicholls, R.J. 2003: A global analysis of human settlement in coastal zones. Journal of Coastal Research 19, 584-99.
137. Smith, J.N. 2001: Why should we believe 210Pb sediment geochronologies? Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 55, 121-23.
138. Sparrenbom, C., Bennike, O., Björck, S. and Lambeck, K. 2006: Relative sea-level changes since 15,000 cal. yrs BP in the Nanortalik area, southern Greenland. Journal of Quaternary Science 21, 29-48.
139. Spiske, M., Böröcz, Z. and Bahlburg, H. 2008: The role of porosity in discriminating between tsunami and hurricane emplacement of boulders - a case study from the Lesser Antilles, southern Caribbean. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 268, 384-96.
140. Stanley, D.J. and Hait, A.K. 2000: Deltas, radiocarbon dating, and measurements of sediment storage and subsidence. Geology 28, 295-98.
141. Stive, M.J.F. 2004: How important is global warming for coastal erosion ? Climatic Change 64, 27-39.
142. Stolper, D., List, J.H. and Thieler, E.R. 2005: Simulating the evolution of coastal morphology and stratigraphy with a new morphological-behaviour model (GEOMBEST). Marine Geology 218, 17-36.
143. Storms, J.E.A., Weltje, G.J., van Dijke, J.J., Geel, C.R. and Kroonenberg, S.B. 2002: Process-response modeling of wave-dominated coastal systems: Simulating evolution and stratigraphy on geological timescales. Journal of Sedimentary Research 72, 226-39.
144. Tappin, D.R. 2007: Sedimentary features of tsunami deposits - their origin, recognition and discrimination: An introduction. Sedimentary Geology 200, 1-4.
145. Tarasov, L. and Peltier, W.R. 2002: Greenland glacial history and local geodynamic consequences. Geophysical Journal International 150, 190-229.
146. Törnqvist, T.E., Bick, S.J., González, J.L., van Der Borg, K. and de Jong, A.F.M. 2004 a: Tracking the sea-level signature of the 8.2 Ka cooling event: New constraints from the Mississippi delta. Geophysical Research Letters 31, L23309, DOI: 10.1029/2004gl021429.
147. Törnqvist, T.E., Bick, S.J., van der Borg, K. and de Jong, A.F.M. 2006: How stable is the Mississippi delta? Geology 34, 697-700.
148. Törnqvist, T.E., González, J.L., Newsom, L.A., van der Borg, K. and de Jong, A.F., Kurnik, C.W. 2004 b: Deciphering Holocene sea-level history on the USA Gulf Coast: A high-resolution record from the Mississippi delta. Geological Society Of America Bulletin 116, 1026-1039.
149. Törnqvist, T.E., Paola, C., Parker, G., Liu, K., Mohrig, D., Holbrook, J.M. and Twilley, R.R. 2007: Comment on 'Wetland sedimentation from hurricanes Katrina and Rita'. Science 316, 201.
150. Trenberth, K.E., Caron, J.M., Stepaniak, D.P. and Worley, S. 2002: Evolution of El Niño - Southern Oscillation and global atmospheric surface temperatures. Journal of Geophysical Research 107 (D8), 4065, DOI: 10.1029/2000J D000298.
151. Tribbia, J. and MWser, S.C. 2008: More than information: what coastal managers need to plan for climate change. Environmental Science and Policy 11, 315-28.
152. Tsimplis, M.N. and Baker, T.F. 2000: Sea level drop in the Mediterranean Sea: An indicator of deep water salinity and temperature changes? Geophysical Research Letters 27, 1731-34.
153. Tsimplis, M.N. and Josey, S.A. 2001: Forcing of the Mediterranean Sea by atmospheric oscillations over the North Atlantic. Geophysical Research Letters 28, 803-806, DOI: 10.1029/2000GL012098.
154. Tsimplis, M.N., Álvarez-Fanjul, E., Gomis, D., Fenoglio-Marc, L. and Pérez, B. 2005:AMediterranean sea level trends: atmospheric pressure and wind contribution. Geophysical Research Letters 32, L20602, DOI: 10.1029/2005GL023867.
155. Turetsky, M.R., Manning, S.W. and Wieder, R.K. 2004: Dating recent peat deposits. Wetlands 24, 324-56.
156. Turner, R.E., Baustian, J.J., Swenson, E.M. and Spicer, J.S. 2006: Wetland sedimentation from hurricanes Katrina and Rita. Science 314, 449-52.
157. Turner, R.E., Baustian, J.J., Swenson, E.M. and Spicer, J.S. 2007: Response to Comment on 'Wetland sedimentation from hurricanes Katrina and Rita'. Science 316, 201.
158. Turney, C.S.M. and Brown, H. 2007: Catastrophic early Holocene sea level rise, human migration and the Neolithic transition in Europe. Quaternary Science Reviews 26, 2036-41.
159. van der Veen, C.J. 2007: Fracture propagation as means of rapidly transferring surface meltwater to the base of glaciers. Geophysical Research Letters, 34, L01501, DOI: 10.1029/2006GL028385.
160. van de Wal, R.S.W., Boot, W., van den Broeke, M.R., Smeets, C.J.P.P., Reijmer, C.H., Donker, J.J.A. and Oerlemans, J. 2008: Large and rapid melt-induced velocity changes in the ablation zone of the Greenland Ice Sheet. Science 321, 111-13.
161. Velicogna, I. and Wahr, J. 2006: Measurements of time-variable gravity show mass loss in Antarctica. Science 311, 1754-56.
162. Vink, A., Steffen, H., Reinhardt, L. and Kaufmann, G. 2007: Holocene relative sea-level change, isostatic subsidence and the radial viscosity structure of the mantle of northwest Europe (Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, southern North Sea). Quaternary Science Reviews 26, 3249-75.
163. Vogel,FS.W. 2008: Cryosphere: fire and ice. Nature Geoscience 1, 91-92.
164. Vogel, S.W. and Tulaczyk, S. 2006: Ice-dynamical constraints on the existence and impact of subglacial volcanism on West Antarctic ice sheet stability. Geophysical Research Letters 33, L23502.
165. Walkden, M. and Dickson, M. 2008: Equilibrium erosion of soft rock shores with a shallow or absent beach under increased sea level rise. Marine Geology 251, 75-84.
166. Webster, P.J. 2008: Myanmar's deadly daffodil. Nature Geoscience 1, 488-90.
167. Webster, P.J., Holland, G.J., Curry, J.A. and Chang, H.-R. 2005: Changes in tropical cyclone number, duration, and intensity in a warming environment. Science 309, 1844-46.
168. White, N.J., Church, J.A. and Gregory, J.M. 2005: Coastal and global averaged sea level rise for 1950 to 2000. Geophysical Research Letters 32, L01601, DOI: 10.1029/2004GL021391.
169. Wijffels, S.E., Willis, J.K., Domingues, C.M., Barker, P., White, N.J., Gronell, A., Ridgway, K. and Church, J.A. 2008: Changing eXpendable bathythermograph fall-rates and their impact on estimates of thermosteric sea level rise. Journal of Climate, in press.
170. Wilch, T.I., McIntosh, W.C. and Dunbar, N.W. 1999: Late Quaternary volcanic activity in Marie Byrd Land: Potential Ar-40/Ar-39-dated time horizons in West Antarctic ice and marine cores. Geological Society of America Bulletin 111, 1563-80.
171. Winberry, J.P. and Anandakrishnan, S. 2004: Crustal structure of the West Antarctic rift system and Marie Byrd Land hotspot. Geology 32, 977-80.
172. WoFdroffe, C.D. 2003: Coasts: form, process and evolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 623 pp.
173. Woodworth, P.L. 1987: Trends in UK mean sea level. Marine Geodesy 11, 57-87.
174. Woodworth, P.L. 1990: A search for accelerations in records of European mean sea level. International Journal of Climatology 10, 129-43.
175. Woodworth, P.L. 2006: Some important issues to do with long term sea level change. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A 364, 787-803.
176. Woodworth, P.L., Flather, R.A., Williams, J.A., Wakelin, S.L. and
177. Woodworth, P.L., White, N.J., Jevrejeva, S., Holgate, S.J., Church, J.A. and Gehrels, W.R. 2008: Evidence for the accelerations of sea level on multi-decade and century timescales. International Journal of Climatology, in press.