Fungal infections after lung transplantation

Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine

Volumn 15, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 243-253

  Solé, Amparo ^a   Salavert, Miguel ^a  

^a HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARIO LA FE   (Spain)

Author keywords

Diagnosis; Fungal infections; Lung transplantation; Prophylaxis; Treatment

Indexed keywords

AMPHOTERICIN B DEOXYCHOLATE; AMPHOTERICIN B LIPID COMPLEX; ANTIFUNGAL AGENT; CASPOFUNGIN; FLUCYTOSINE; GALACTOMANNAN; ITRACONAZOLE; POSACONAZOLE; TERBINAFINE; VORICONAZOLE; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT;

ACUTE TOXICITY; ANTIFUNGAL THERAPY; ANTIGEN DETECTION; ASPERGILLUS; BLOOD TOXICITY; CANDIDA; CHRONIC GRAFT REJECTION; CRYPTOCOCCUS; DRUG THERAPY; EYE TOXICITY; HIGH RESOLUTION COMPUTER TOMOGRAPHY; HUMAN; IMMUNE RECONSTITUTION INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE TREATMENT; LIVER TOXICITY; LUNG ASPERGILLOSIS; LUNG TRANSPLANTATION; NEPHROTOXICITY; OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PROPHYLAXIS; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SCEDOSPORIUM; SKIN TOXICITY; SYSTEMIC MYCOSIS; LUNG; LUNG MYCOSIS; MICROBIOLOGY; PATHOGENICITY;

ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS; ASPERGILLUS; HUMANS; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENTS; LUNG; LUNG DISEASES, FUNGAL; LUNG TRANSPLANTATION; OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS;

EID: 67649227799     PISSN: 10705287     EISSN: 15316971     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/MCP.0b013e328326f410     Document Type: Review

References (67)

1. Kotloff RM, Ahya VN, Crawford SW. Pulmonary complications of solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004; 170:22-48.
2. Segal BH, Walsh TJ. Current approaches to diagnosis and treatment of invasive aspergillosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006; 173:707-717.
3. Sole A, Morant P, Salavert M, et al., and the Valencia Lung Transplant Group. Aspergillus infections in lung transplant recipients: risk factors and outcome. Clin Microbiol Infect 2005; 11:359-365.
4. Marik PE. Fungal infections in solid organ transplantation. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2006; 7:297-305.
5. Singh N, Husain S. Aspergillus infections after lung transplantation: clinical differences in type of transplant and implications for management. J Heart Lung Transplant 2003; 22:258-266.
6. Alexander BD, Tapson VF. Infectious complications of lung transplantation. Transpl Infect Dis 2001; 3:128-137.
7. San Juan R, Aguado JM, Lumbreras C, et al., RESITRA Network, Spain. Incidence, clinical characteristics and risk factors of late infection in solid organ transplant recipients: data from the RESITRA study group. Am J Transplant 2007; 7:964-971.
8. Castó n JJ, Linares MJ, Gallego C, et al. Risk factors for pulmonary Aspergillus terreus infection in patients with positive culture for filamentous fungi. Chest 2007; 131:230-236.
9. Nicod LP, Pache JC, Howarth N. Fungal infections in transplant recipients. Eur Respir J 2001; 17:133-140.
10. Silveira FP, Husain S. Fungal infections in lung transplant recipients. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2008; 14:211-218.
11. Solé A, Salavert M. Fungal infections after lung transplantation. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2008; 22:89-104.
12. Hadjiliadis DH, Howell DN, Davis RD, et al. Anastomotic infections in lung transplant recipients. Ann Transplant 2000; 3:13-19.
13. Singh N, Limaye A, Forrest G, et al. Late-onset invasive aspergillosis in organ transplant recipients in the current era. Med Mycol 2006; 44:445-449.
14. Husain S, Paterson DL, Studerd S, et al. Voriconazole prophylaxis in lung transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 2006; 6:3008-3016.
15. Silveira FP, Husain S, Kwak EJ, et al. Cryptococcosis in liver and kidney transplant recipients receiving antithymocyte globulin or alemtuzumab. Clin Infect Dis 2007; 44:204-212.
16. Martin SI, Marty FM, Fiumara K, et al. Infectious complications associated with alemtuzumab use for lymphoproliferative disorders. Clin Infect Dis 2006; 43:16-24.
17. Danziger-Isakov LA, Worley S, Arrigain S, et al. Increased mortality after pulmonary fungal infection within the first year after pediatric lung transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2008; 27:655-661.
18. Dauber JH, Paradis IL, Dummer JS. Infectious complications in pulmonary allograft recipients. Clin Chest Med 1990; 11:291-308.
19. Maurer JR, Tullis DE, Grossman RF, et al. Infectious complications following isolated lung transplantation. Chest 1992; 101:1056-1059.
20. Kramer MR, Marshall SE, Starnes VA, et al. Infectious complications in heartlung transplantation. Analysis of 200 episodes. Arch Intern Med 1993; 153:2010-2016.
21. Paradis IL, Williams P. Infection after lung transplantation. Semin Respir Infect 1993; 8:207-215.
22. Richardson M, Lass-Flörl C. Changing epidemiology of systemic fungal infections. Clin Microbiol Infect 2008; 14 (Suppl 4):5-24.
23. Varkey JB, Perfect JR. Rare and emerging fungal pulmonary infections. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2008; 29:121-131.
24. Silveira FP, Kwak EJ, Paterson DL, et al. Posttransplant colonization with non- Aspergillus molds and risk of development of invasive fungal disease in lung transplant recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2008; 27:850-855.
25. Husain S, Munoz P, Forrest G, et al. Infections due to Scedosporium apiospermum and Scedosporium prolificans in transplant recipients: clinical characteristics and impact of antifungal agent therapy on outcome. Clin Infect Dis 2005; 40:89-99.
26. Castiglioni B, Sutton DA, Rinaldi MG, et al. Pseudallescheria boydii (anamorph Scedosporium apiospermum). Infection in solid organ transplant recipients in a tertiary medical center and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 2002; 81:333-338.
27. Musk M, Chambers D, Chin W, et al. Successful treatment of disseminated Scedosporium infection in 2 lung transplant recipients: review of the literature and recommendations for management. J Heart Lung Transplant 2006; 25:1268-1272.
28. Raj R, Frost AE. Scedosporium apiospermum fungemia in a lung transplant recipient. Chest 2002; 121:1714-1716.
29. Tamm M, Malouf M, Glanville A. Pulmonary Scedosporium infection following lung transplantation. Transplant Infect Dis 2001; 3:189-194.
30. Sahi H, Avery RK, Minai OA, et al. Scedosporium apiospermum (Pseudoallescheria boydii) infection in lung transplant recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2007; 26:350-356.
31. Symoens F, Knoop C, Schrooyen M, et al. Disseminated Scedosporium apiospermum infection in a cystic fibrosis patient after double-lung transplantation. Heart Lung Transplant 2006; 25:603-607.
32. Sabatelli F, Patel R, Mann PA, et al. In vitro activities of posaconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, and amphotericin B against a large collection of clinically important molds and yeasts. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 50:2009-2015.
33. Singh N, Dromer F, Perfect JR, Lortholary O. Cryptococcosis in solid organ transplant recipients: current state of the science. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 47:1321-1327.
34. Silveira FP, Husain S, Kwak EJ, et al. Cryptococcosis in liver and kidney transplant recipients receiving antithymocyte globulin or alemtuzumab. Transpl Infect Dis 2007; 9:22-27.
35. Copp DH, Godwin JD, Kirby KA, Limaye AP. Clinical and radiological factors associated with pulmonary nodule etiology in organ transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 2006; 6:2759-2764.
36. Husain S, Kwak EJ, Obman A, et al. Prospective assessment of Platelia Aspergillus galactomannan antigen for the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis in lung transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 2004; 4:796-802.
37. Husain S, Paterson DL, Studer SM, et al. Aspergillus galactomannan antigen in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis in lung transplant recipients. Transplantation 2007; 83:1330-1336.
38. Koo S, Bryar J, Page H, et al. Clinical utility of the (1!3)-b-D-glucan assay (BG) in the diagnosis of invasive fungal infections (IFI) [abstract M-1600]. 46th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC). San Francisco; 2006.
39. Gadea I, Cuenca-Estrella M, Martin E, et al. Microbiological procedures for diagnosing mycoses and for antifungal susceptibility testing. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2007; 25:336-340.
40. Magill SS. Antifungal prophylaxis in transplant recipients: where do we go from here? Transpl Infect Dis 2006; 8:187-189.
41. Husain S, Zaldonis D, Kusne S, et al. Variation in antifungal prophylaxis strategies in lung transplantation. Transpl Infect Dis 2006; 8:213-218.
42. Covarrubias MB, Milstone AB. An overview of fungal prophylaxis in lung transplantation. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2005; 10:227-232.
43. Borro JM, Solé A, de la Torre M, et al. Efficiency and safety of inhaled amphotericin B lipid complex (abelcet) in the prophylaxis of invasive fungal infections following lung transplantation. Transplant Proc 2008; 40:3090-3093. This study evaluates the role of AmB lipid complex in 60 consecutive lung transplant recipients. It is focused in the early transplant period.
44. Drew R. Potential role of aerosolized amphotericin B formulations in the prevention and adjunctive treatment of invasive fungal infections. Intern J Antimicrob Ag 2006; 27S:S36-S44.
45. Sole A. Invasive fungal infections in lung transplantation: role of aerosolized amphotericin B. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2008; 32 (Suppl 2):S161-S166.
46. Reichenspurner H, Gamberg P, Nitschke M, et al. Significant reduction in the number of fungal infections after lung-, heart-lung, and heart transplantation using aerosolized amphotericin B prophylaxis. Transplant Proc 1997; 26:627-628.
47. Calvo V, Borro JM, Morales P, et al. Antifungal prophylaxis during the early postoperative period of lung transplantation. Valencia Lung Transplant Group. Chest 1999; 115:1301-1304.
48. Monforte V, Roman A, Gavalda J, et al. Nebulized amphotericin B concentration and distribution in the respiratory tract of lung-transplanted patients. Transplantation 2003; 75:1571-1574.
49. Palmer SM, Drew RH, Whitehouse JD, et al. Safety of aerosolized amphotericin B lipid complex in lung transplant recipients. Transplantation 2001; 72:545-548.
50. Drew RH, Dodds AE, Benjamin DK Jr, et al. Comparative safety of amphotericin B lipid complex and amphotericin B deoxycholate as aerosolized antifungal prophylaxis in lung-transplant recipients. Transplantation 2004; 77:232-237.
51. Monforte V, Roman A, Gavalda J, et al. Nebulized liposomal amphotericin B (n-LAB) prophylaxis for Aspergillus infection in lung transplantation: pharmacokinetics, safety and efficacy. J Heart Lung Transplant 2005; 24:S108-S109.
52. Lowry CM, Marty FM, Vargas SO, et al. Safety of aerosolized liposomal versus deoxycholate amphotericin B formulations for prevention of invasive fungal infections following lung transplantation: a retrospective study. Transpl Infect Dis 2007; 9:121-125.
53. Wong-Beringer A, Lambros MP, Beringer PM, Johnson DL. Suitability of caspofungin for aerosol delivery: physicochemical profiling and nebulizer choice. Chest 2005; 128:3711-3716.
54. Cornely OA, Maertens J, Bresnik M, et al., AmBiLoad Trial Study Group. Liposomal amphotericin B as initial therapy for invasive mold infection: a randomized trial comparing a high-loading dose regimen with standard dosing (AmBiLoad trial). Clin Infect Dis 2007; 44:1289-1297.
55. Ashley ESD, Lewis R, Lewis JS, et al. Pharmacology of systemic antifungal agents. Clin Infect Dis 2006; 43:S28-S39.
56. Petrikkos G, Skiada A. Recent advances in antifungal chemotherapy. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007; 30:108-117.
57. Herbrecht R, Denning DW, Patterson TF, et al., and Invasive Fungal Infections Group of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer and the Global Aspergillus Study Group. Voriconazole versus amphotericin B for primary therapy of invasive aspergillosis. N Engl J Med 2002; 347:408-415.
58. Groetzner J, Kaczmarek I, Wittwer T, et al. Caspofungin as first-line therapy for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis after thoracic organ transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2008; 27:1-6.
59. Pasqualotto AC, Denning DW. New and emerging treatments for fungal infections. J Antimicrob Chemother 2008; 61 (Suppl 1):i19-i30.
60. Chamilos G, Kontoyiannis DP. The rationale of combination antifungal therapy in severely immunocompromised patients: empiricism versus evidence-based medicine. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2006; 19:380-385.
61. Kontoyiannis DP, Lewis RE. Toward more effective antifungal therapy: the prospects of combination therapy. Br J Haematol 2004; 126:165-175.
62. Baddley JW, Pappas PG. Antifungal combination therapy: clinical potential. Drugs 2005; 65:1461-1480.
63. Wirk B, Wingard JR. Combination antifungal therapy: from bench to bedside. Curr Infect Dis Rep 2008; 10:466-472.
64. Singh N, Limaye AP, Forrest G, et al. Combination of voriconazole and caspofungin as primary therapy for invasive aspergillosis in solid organ transplant recipients: a prospective, multicenter, observational study. Transplantation 2006; 81:320-326.
65. Singh N, Perfect JR. Immune reconstitution syndrome associated with opportunistic mycoses. Lancet Infect Dis 2007; 7:395-401.
66. Singh N, Lortholary O, Alexander BD, et al., and Cryptococcal Collaborative Transplant Study Group. An immune reconstitution syndrome-like illness associated with Cryptococcus neoformans infection in organ transplant recipients. Clin Infect Dis 2005; 40:1756-1761.
67. Singh N. Novel immune regulatory pathways and their role in immune reconstitution syndrome in organ transplant recipients with invasive mycoses. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2008; 27:403-408.