Epidemiology of age related macular degeneration;Épidémiologie de la dégénérescence maculaire liée à l'âge

Journal Francais d'Ophtalmologie

Volumn 32, Issue 6, 2009, Pages 440-451

  Leveziel, N ^a   Delcourt, C ^b   Zerbib, J ^a   Dollfus, H ^c   Kaplan, J ^d   Benlian, P ^e   Coscas, G ^a   Souied, E H ^a   Soubrane, G ^a  

^a CENTRE HOSPITALIER INTERCOMMUNAL DE CRÉTEIL   (France)

^b INSERM   (France)

^c UNIVERSITÉ DE STRASBOURG   (France)

^d Hopital Necker Enfants Malades   (United States)

^e SORBONNE UNIVERSITÉ   (France)

Author keywords

Age related macular degeneration; Carotenoids; Epidemiology; Lipids; Omega 3; Risk factor; Tabacco; Vitamins

Indexed keywords

LIPID; OMEGA 3 FATTY ACID;

BLOOD; DIET; HUMAN; OBESITY; RETINA MACULA DEGENERATION; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; STROKE;

DIET; FATTY ACIDS, OMEGA-3; HUMANS; LIPIDS; MACULAR DEGENERATION; OBESITY; RISK FACTORS; STROKE;

EID: 67449149142     PISSN: 01815512     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2009.04.009     Document Type: Review

References (102)

1. Kocur I., and Resnikoff S. Visual impairment and blindness in Europe and their prevention. Br J Ophthalmol 86 (2002) 716-722
2. Lee P.P., Feldman Z.W., Ostermann J., Brown D.S., and Sloan F.A. Longitudinal prevalence of major eye diseases. Arch Ophthalmol 121 (2003) 1303-1310
3. Augood C.A., Vingerling J.R., de Jong P.T., Chakravarthy U., Seland J., Soubrane G., et al. Prevalence of age-related maculopathy in older Europeans: the European Eye Study (EUREYE). Arch Ophthalmol 124 (2006) 529-535
4. Delcourt C., Lacroux A., Carrière I., and POLA Study Group. The three-year incidence of age-related macular degeneration: the "Pathologies Oculaires Liées à l'Age" (POLA) prospective study. Am J Ophthalmol 140 (2005) 924-926
5. Wang J.J., Foran S., Smith W., and Mitchell P. Risk of age-related macular degeneration in eyes with macular drusen or hyperpigmentation: the Blue Mountains Eye Study cohort. Arch Ophthalmol 121 (2003) 658-663
6. Smith W., Assink J., Klein R., Mitchell P., Klaver C.C., Klein B.E., et al. Risk factors for age-related macular degeneration: Pooled findings from three continents. Ophthalmology 108 (2001) 697-704
7. Klein R., Klein B.E., Jensen S.C., Mares-Perlman J.A., Cruickshanks K.J., and Palta M. Age-related maculopathy in a multiracial United States population: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III. Ophthalmology 106 (1999) 1056-1065
8. Javitt J.C., Zhou Z., Maguire M.G., Fine S.L., and Willke R.J. Incidence of exudative age-related macular degeneration among elderly Americans. Ophthalmology 110 (2003) 1534-1539
9. Klein R., Klein B.E., Jensen S.C., and Meuer S.M. The five-year incidence and progression of age-related maculopathy: the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Ophthalmology 104 (1997) 7-21
10. Klein R., Peto T., Bird A., and Vannewkirk M.R. The epidemiology of age-related macular degeneration. Am J Ophthalmol 137 (2004) 486-495
11. Schachat A.P., Hyman L., Leske M.C., Connell A.M., and Wu S.Y. Features of age-related macular degeneration in a black population. The Barbados Eye Study Group. Arch Ophthalmol 113 (1995) 728-735
12. Klein R., Clegg L., Cooper L.S., Hubbard L.D., Klein B.E., King W.N., et al. Prevalence of age-related maculopathy in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Arch Ophthalmol 117 (1999) 1203-1210
13. Klein R., Klein B.E., and Cruickshanks K.J. The prevalence of age-related maculopathy by geographic region and ethnicity. Prog Retin Eye Res 18 (1999) 371-389
14. Bjornsson O.M., Syrdalen P., Bird A.C., Peto T., and Kinge B. The prevalence of age-related maculopathy (ARM) in an urban Norwegian population: the Oslo Macular study. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 84 (2006) 636-641
15. Jonasson F., Arnarsson A., Peto T., Sasaki H., Sasaki K., and Bird A.C. 5-year incidence of age-related maculopathy-Reykjavik Eye study. Ophthalmology 112 (2005) 132-138
16. Rosenberg T. Prevalence and causes of blindness in Greenland. Arctic Med Res 46 (1987) 13-17
17. Rosenberg T. Prevalence of blindness caused by senile macular degeneration in Greenland. Arctic Med Res 46 (1987) 64-70
18. Ostenfeld-Akerblom A. Age-related macular degeneration in Inuit. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 77 (1999) 76-78
19. Andersen MV, Rosenberg T, la Cour M, Kiilgaard JF, Prause JU, Alsbirk PH, et al. Prevalence of Age-Related Maculopathy and Age-Related Macular Degeneration among the Inuit in Greenland The Greenland Inuit Eye Study. Ophthalmology 2008 In Press.
20. Krishnaiah S., Das T., Nirmalan P.K., Nutheti R., Shamanna B.R., Rao G.N., et al. Risk factors for age-related macular degeneration: findings from the Andhra Pradesh eye disease study in South India. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 46 (2005) 4442-4449
21. Gupta S.K., Murthy G.V., Morrison N., Price G.M., Dherani M., John N., et al. Prevalence of early and late age-related macular degeneration in a rural population in northern India: the INDEYE feasibility study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 48 (2007) 1007-1011
22. Oshima Y., Ishibashi T., Murata T., Tahara Y., Kiyohara Y., and Kubota T. Prevalence of age related maculopathy in a representative Japanese population: the Hisayama study. Br J Ophthalmol 85 (2001) 1153-1157
23. Miyazaki M., Kiyohara Y., Yoshida A., Iida M., Nose Y., and Ishibashi T. The 5-year incidence and risk factors for age-related maculopathy in a general Japanese population: the Hisayama study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 46 (2005) 1907-1910
24. Miyazaki M., Nakamura H., Kubo M., Kiyohara Y., Oshima Y., Ishibashi T., et al. Risk factors for age related maculopathy in a Japanese population: the Hisayama study. Br J Ophthalmol 87 (2003) 469-472
25. Kawasaki R., Wang J.J., Ji G.J., Taylor B., Oizumi T., Daimon M., et al. Prevalence and Risk Factors for Age-Related Macular Degeneration in an Adult Japanese Population. The Funagata Study. Ophthalmology (2008)
26. Seddon J.M., Willett W.C., Speizer F.E., and Hankinson S.E. A prospective study of cigarette smoking and age-related macular degeneration in women. JAMA 276 (1996) 1141-1146
27. Mitchell P., Wang J.J., Smith W., and Leeder S.R. Smoking and the 5-year incidence of age-related maculopathy: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Arch Ophthalmol 120 (2002) 1357-1363
28. Chakravarthy U., Augood C., Bentham G.C., de Jong P.T., Rahu M., Seland J., et al. Cigarette smoking and age-related macular degeneration in the EUREYE Study. Ophthalmology 114 (2007) 1157-1163
29. Khan J.C., Thurlby D.A., Shahid H., Clayton D.G., Yates J.R., Bradley M., et al., Genetic Factors in AMD Study. Smoking and age related macular degeneration: the number of pack years of cigarette smoking is a major determinant of risk for both geographic atrophy and choroidal neovascularisation. Br J Ophthalmol 90 (2006) 75-80
30. Delcourt C., Diaz J.L., Ponton-Sanchez A., and Papoz L. Smoking and age-related macular degeneration. The POLA study. Pathologies Oculaires Liées à l'Age. Arch Ophthalmol 116 (1998) 1031-1035
31. Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group. Risk factors associated with age-related macular degeneration. A case-control study in the age-related eye disease study: Age-Related Eye Disease Study Report Number 3. Ophthalmology 107 (2000) 2224-2232
32. Christen W.G., Glynn R.J., Manson J.E., Ajani U.A., and Buring J.E. A prospective study of cigarette smoking and risk of age-related macular degeneration in men. JAMA 276 (1996) 1178-1179
33. Nigdikar S.V., Williams N.R., Griffin B.A., and Howard A.N. Consumption of red wine polyphenols reduces the susceptibility of low-density lipoproteins to oxidation in vivo. Am J Clin Nutr 68 (1998) 258-265
34. Araim O., Ballantyne J., Waterhouse A., and Sumpio B.E. Inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation with red wine and red wine polyphenols. J Vasc Surg 35 (2002) 1226-1232
35. Pace-Asciak C.R., Hahn S., Diamandis E.P., Soleas G., and Goldberg D.M. The red wine phenolics trans-resveratrol and quercetin block human platelet aggregation and eicosanoid synthesis: implications for protection against coronary heart disease. Clin Chim Acta 235 (1995) 207-219
36. Sacanella E., Vázquez-Agell M., Mena M.P., Antúnez E., Fernández-Solá J., Nicolás J.M., et al. Down-regulation of adhesion molecules and other inflammatory biomarkers after moderate wine consumption in healthy women: a randomized trial. Am J Clin Nutr 86 (2007) 1463-1469
37. Klinge C.M., Wickramasinghe N.S., Ivanova M.M., and Dougherty S.M. Resveratrol stimulates nitric oxide production by increasing estrogen receptor {alpha}-Src-caveolin-1 interaction and phosphorylation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. FASEB J (2008)
38. Chong E.W., Kreis A.J., Wong T.Y., Simpson J.A., and Guymer R.H. Alcohol consumption and the risk of age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Ophthalmol 145 (2008) 707-715
39. Souied E.H., Benlian P., Amouyel P., Feingold J., Lagarde J.P., Munnich A., et al. The epsilon4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene as a potential protective factor for exudative age-related macular degeneration. Am J Ophthalmol 125 (1998) 353-359
40. Klaver C.C., Kliffen M., van Duijn C.M., Hofman A., Cruts M., Grobbee D.E., et al. Genetic association of apolipoprotein E with age-related macular degeneration. Am J Hum Genet 63 (1998) 200-206
41. Mitchell P., Wang J.J., Foram S., and Smith W. Five-year incidence of age-related maculopathy lesions: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Ophthalmology 109 (2002) 1092-1097
42. Klein R., Klein B.E., Tomany S.C., Meuer S.M., and Huang G.H. Ten-year incidence and progression of age-related maculopathy. The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Ophthalmology 109 (2002) 1767-1779
43. Klaver C.C., Assink J.J., van Leeuwen R., Wolfs R.C., Vingerling J.R., Stijnen T., et al. Incidence and progression rates of age-related maculopathy: the Rotterdam Study. Invest Ophthamol Vis Sci 42 (2001) 2237-2241
44. Hogg R.E., Woodside J.V., Gilchrist S.E., Graydon R., Fletcher A.E., Chan W., et al. Cardiovascular Disease and Hypertension Are Strong Risk Factors for Choroidal Neovascularization. Ophthalmology 115 (2008) 1046-1052
45. Delcourt C., Michel F., Colvez A., Lacroux A., Delage M., Vernet M.H., et al. Associations of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors with age-related macular degeneration: the POLA study. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 8 (2001) 237-249
46. Fraser-Bell S., Wu J., Klein R., Azen S.P., Hooper C., Foong A.W., et al. Cardiovascular risk factors and age-related macular degeneration: the Los Angeles Latino Eye Study. Am J Ophthalmol 145 (2008) 308-316
47. Klein R., Deng Y., Klein B.E., Hyman L., Seddon J., Frank R.N., et al. Cardiovascular disease, its risk factors and treatment, and age-related macular degeneration: Women's Health Initiative Sight Exam ancillary study. Am J Ophthalmol 143 (2007) 473-483
48. Wong T.Y., Tikellis G., Sun C., Klein R., Couper D.J., and Sharrett A.R. Age-related macular degeneration and risk of coronary heart disease: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Ophthalmology 114 (2007) 86-91
49. Clemons TE, Kurinij N, Sperduto RD; AREDS Research Group. Associations of mortality with ocular disorders and an intervention of high-dose antioxidants and zinc in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study: AREDS Report No. 13. Arch Ophthalmol 2004; 122:716-26.
50. Alexander S.L., Linde-Zwirble W.T., Werther W., Depperschmidt E.E., Wilson L.J., Palanki R., et al. Annual rates of arterial thromboembolic events in medicare neovascular age-related macular degeneration patients. Ophthalmology 114 (2007) 2174-2178
51. Clemons T.E., Milton R.C., Klein R., Seddon J.M., Ferris III F.L., and Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group. Risk factors for the incidence of Advanced Age-Related Macular Degeneration in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) AREDS report no. 19. Ophthalmology 112 (2005) 533-539
52. Wong T.Y., Klein R., Sun C., Mitchell P., Couper D.J., Lai H., et al. Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Age-related macular degeneration and risk for stroke. Ann Intern Med 145 (2006) 98-106
53. Tan J.S., Mitchell P., Smith W., and Wang J.J. Cardiovascular risk factors and the long-term incidence of age-related macular degeneration: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Ophthalmology 114 (2007) 1143-1150
54. Tan J.S., Wang J.J., Liew G., Rochtchina E., and Mitchell P. Age-related macular degeneration and mortality from cardiovascular disease or stroke. Br J Ophthalmol 92 (2008) 509-512
55. Clemons TE, Milton RC, Klein R, Seddon JM, Ferris FL 3rd; Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group. Risk factors for the incidence of Advanced Age-Related Macular Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group. Risk factors associated with age-related macular degeneration. A case-control study in the age-related eye disease study: Age-Related Eye Disease Study Report Number 3. Ophthalmology 2000; 107:2224-32.
56. Seddon J.M., Cote J., Davis N., and Rosner B. Progression of age related macular degeneration: association with body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-hip ratio. Arch Ophthalmol 121 (2003) 785-792
57. Schaumberg D.A., Christen W.G., Hankinson S.E., and Glynn R.J. Body mass index and the incidence of visually significant age-related maculopathy in men. Arch Ophthalmol 119 (2001) 1259-1265
58. Seddon J.M., Francis P.J., George S., Schultz D.W., Rosner B., and Klein M.L. Association of CFH Y402H and LOC387715 A69S with progression of age-related macular degeneration. JAMA 297 (2007) 1793-1800
59. Francis P.J., George S., Schultz D.W., Rosner B., Hamon S., Ott J., et al. The LOC387715 gene, smoking, body mass index, environmental associations with advanced age-related macular degeneration. Hum Hered 63 (2007) 212-218
60. Klein R., Klein B.E., Tomany S.C., and Cruickshanks K.J. The association of cardiovascular disease with the long-term incidence of age-related maculopathy: the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Ophthalmology 110 (2003) 1273-1280
61. Risk factors for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. The Eye Disease Case-Control Study Group. Arch Ophthalmol, 1992;110:1701-8.
62. Delcourt C., Carrière I., Ponton-Sanchez A., Fourrey S., Lacroux A., Papoz L., et al. Light exposure and the risk of age-related macular degeneration: the Pathologies Oculaires Liées à l'Age (POLA) study. Arch Ophthalmol 119 (2001) 1463-1468
63. Delcourt C., Carrière I., Delage M., Barberger-Gateau P., Schalch W., and POLA Study Group. Plasma lutein and zeaxanthin and other carotenoids as modifiable risk factors for age-related maculopathy and cataract: the POLA Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 47 (2006) 2329-2335
64. Snodderly D.M., Brown P.K., Delori F.C., and Auran J.D. The macular pigment. Absorbance spectra, localization, and discrimination from other yellow pigments in primate retinas. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 25 (1984) 660-673
65. Snodderly D.M., Auran J.D., and Delori F.C. The macular pigment. Spatial distribution in primate retinas. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 25 (1984) 674-685
66. Barker FM. The Direct Spectral Transmittance of the Human Crystalline Lens as a Function of Age: FDA Report. Rockville, Md: National Press Office; 1991.
67. Khachik F., Beecher G.R., and Goli M.B. Separation, identification and quantification of carotenoids in fruits, vegetables and human plasma by high performance liquid chromatography. Pure Appl Chem 63 (1991) 71-80
68. Khachik F., Spangler C.J., Smith Jr. J.C., Canfield L.M., Steck A., and Pfander H. Identification, quantification, and relative concentrations of carotenoids and their metabolites in human milk and serum. Anal Chem 69 (1997) 1873-1881
69. Seddon J.M., Ajani U.A., Sperduto R.D., Hiller R., Blair N., Burton T.C., et al. Dietary carotenoids, vitamins A, C, and E, and advanced age-related macular degeneration. Eye Disease Case-Control Study Group. JAMA 272 (1994) 1413-1420
70. Gale C.R., Hall N.F., Phillips D.I., and Martyn C.N. Lutein and zeaxanthin status and risk of age-related macular degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 44 (2003) 2461-2465
71. SanGiovanni JP, Chew EY, Clemons TE, Ferris FL 3rd, Gensler G, Lindblad AS, et al. The relationship of dietary carotenoid and vitamin A, E, and C intake with age-related macular degeneration in a case-control study: AREDS Report No. 22. Arch Ophthalmol 2007; 125:1225-32.
72. Tan J.S., Wang J.J., Flood V., Rochtchina E., Smith W., and Mitchell P. Dietary antioxidants and the long-term incidence of age-related macular degeneration: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Ophthalmology 115 (2008) 334-341
73. Van Leeuwen R., Boekhoorn S., Vingerling J.R., Witteman J.C., Klaver C.C., Hofman A., et al. Dietary intake of antioxidants and risk of age-related macular degeneration. JAMA 294 (2005) 3101-3107
74. Cho E., Stampfer M.J., Seddon J.M., Hung S., Spiegelman D., Rimm E.B., et al. Prospective study of zinc intake and the risk of age-related macular degeneration. Ann Epidemiol 11 (2001) 328-336
75. VandenLangenberg G.M., Mares-Perlman J.A., Klein R., Klein B.E., Brady W.E., and Palta M. Associations between antioxidant and zinc intake and the 5-year incidence of early age-related maculopathy in the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Am J Epidemiol 148 (1998) 204-214
76. Mares-Perlman J.A., Fisher A.I., Klein R., Palta M., Block G., Millen A.E., et al. Lutein and zeaxanthin in the diet and serum and their relation to age-related maculopathy in the third national health and nutrition examination survey. Am J Epidemiol 153 (2001) 424-432
77. Jurgensmeier C., Bhosale P., and Bernstein P.S. Evaluation of 4-methylpyrazole as a potential therapeutic dark adaptation inhibitor. Curr Eye Res 32 (2007) 911-915
78. Berson E.L., Rosner B., Sandberg M.A., Hayes K.C., Nicholson B.W., Weigel-DiFrano C., et al. Vitamin A supplementation for retinitis pigmentosa. Arch Ophthalmol 111 (1993) 1456-1459
79. Flood V., Smith W., Wang J.J., Manzi F., Webb K., and Mitchell P. Dietary antioxidant intake and incidence of early age-related maculopathy: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Ophthalmology 109 (2002) 2272-2278
80. Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group, SanGiovanni JP, Chew EY, Clemons TE, Ferris FL 3rd, Gensler G, et al. The relationship of dietary carotenoid and vitamin A, E, and C intake with age-related macular degeneration in a case-control study: AREDS Report No. 22. Arch Ophthalmol 2007; 125:1225-32.
81. Seddon J.M., Ajani U.A., Sperduto R.D., Hiller R., Blair N., Burton T.C., et al. Dietary carotenoids, vitamins A, C, and E, and advanced age-related macular degeneration. JAMA 272 (1994) 1413-1420
82. Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group. A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of high-dose supplementation with vitamins C and E, beta carotene, and zinc for age-related macular degeneration and vision loss: AREDS report no. 8. Arch Ophthalmol 2001; 119:1417-36.
83. Delcourt C., Cristol J.P., Tessier F., Léger C.L., Descomps B., Papoz L., and Age-related macular degeneration and antioxidant status in the POLA study. POLA Study Group. Pathologies Oculaires Liées à l'Age. Arch Ophthalmol 117 (1999) 1384-1390
84. Gordon WC, Bazan NG. Biochemistry of the Eye, 1st ed. Chapman & Hall, London 1997 in Harding JJ Ed. pp 144-275.
85. Fliesler S.J., and Anderson R.E. Chemistry and metabolism of lipids in the vertebrate retina. Prog Lipid Res 22 (1983) 79-131
86. Brown M.F. Modulation of rhodopsin function by properties of the membrane bilayer. Chem Phys Lipids 73 (1994) 159-180
87. Grossfield A., Feller S.E., and Pitman M.C. A role for direct interactions in the modulation of rhodopsin by omega-3 polyunsaturated lipids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103 (2006) 4888-4893
88. Soubias O., Teague W.E., and Gawrisch K. Evidence for specificity in lipid-rhodopsin interactions. J Biol Chem 281 (2006) 33233-33241
89. Mitchell D.C., Niu S.L., and Litman B.J. Enhancement of G protein-coupled signaling by DHA phospholipids. Lipids 38 (2003) 437-443
90. Simopoulos A.P. Human requirement for N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Poult Sci 79 (2000) 961-970
91. Seddon J.M., George S., and Rosner B. Cigarette smoking, fish consumption, omega-3 fatty acid intake, and associations with age-related macular degeneration: the US Twin Study of Age-Related MacularDegeneration. Arch Ophthalmol 124 (2006) 995-1001
92. Hartong D.T., Berson E.L., and Dryja T.P. Retinitis pigmentosa. Lancet 368 (2006) 1795-1809
93. SanGiovanni J.P., Chew E.Y., Agrón E., Clemons T.E., Ferris III F.L., Gensler G., et al. The relationship of dietary omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid intake with incident age-related macular degeneration: AREDS report no. 23. Arch Ophthalmol 126 (2008) 1274-1279
94. Augood C., Chakravarthy U., Young I., Vioque J., de Jong P.T., Bentham G., et al. Oily fish consumption, dietary docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid intakes, and associations with neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Am J Clin Nutr 88 (2008) 398-406
95. Heuberger R.A., Mares-Perlman J.A., Klein R., Klein B.E., Millen A.E., and Palta M. Relationship of dietary fat to age-related maculopathy in the Third National Health and Nutrition examination Survey. Arch Ophthalmol 119 (2001) 1833-1838
96. Chong E.W., Kreis A.J., Wong T.Y., Simpson J.A., and Guymer R.H. Dietary omega-3 fatty acid and fish intake in the primary prevention of age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Ophthalmol 126 (2008) 826-833
97. Seddon J.M., Rosner B., Sperduto R.D., Yannuzzi L., Haller J.A., Blair N.P., et al. Dietary fat and risk for advanced age-related macular degeneration. Arch Ophthalmol 119 (2001) 1191-1199
98. Rivera A., Fisher S.A., Fritsche L.G., Keilhauer C.N., Lichtner P., Meitinger T., et al. Hypothetical LOC387715 is a second major susceptibility gene for age-related macular degeneration, contributing independently of complement factor H to disease risk. Hum Mol Genet 14 (2005) 3227-3236
99. Klein M.L., Francis P.J., Rosner B., Reynolds R., Hamon S.C., Schultz D.W., et al. CFH and LOC387715/ARMS2 genotypes and treatment with antioxidants and zinc for age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology 115 (2008) 1019-1025
100. Brantley Jr. M.A., Edelstein S.L., King J.M., Plotzke M.R., Apte R.S., Kymes S.M., et al. Association of complement factor H and LOC387715 genotypes with response of exudative age-related macular degeneration to photodynamic therapy. Eye 23 (2009) 626-631
101. Goverdhan S.V., Hannan S., Newsom R.B., Luff A.J., Griffiths H., and Lotery A.J. An analysis of the CFH Y402H genotype in AMD patients and controls from the UK, and response to PDT treatment. Eye 22 (2008) 849-854
102. Brantley Jr. M.A., Fang A.M., King J.M., Tewari A., Kymes S.M., and Shields A. Association of complement factor H and LOC387715 genotypes with response of exudative age-related macular degeneration to intravitreal bevacizumab. Ophthalmology 114 (2007) 2168-2173