Thinking as the control of imagination: A conceptual framework for goal-directed systems

Psychological Research

Volumn 73, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 559-577

  Pezzulo, Giovanni ^a,b   Castelfranchi, Cristiano ^b  

^a CNR Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche   (Italy)

^b INSTITUTE OF COGNITIVE SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES   (Italy)

Author keywords

Anticipation; Control theory; Goal; Intention; Internal modeling; Simulation

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK; ATTENTION; BEHAVIOR; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM FUNCTION; CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY; DECISION MAKING; HUMAN; IMAGINATION; INHIBITION (PSYCHOLOGY); MOTIVATION; PROBLEM SOLVING; PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE; SHORT TERM MEMORY; THINKING;

ANIMALS; ATTENTION; CULTURE; DECISION MAKING; GOALS; HIGHER NERVOUS ACTIVITY; HUMANS; IMAGINATION; INHIBITION (PSYCHOLOGY); INTENTION; MEMORY, SHORT-TERM; MOTIVATION; NEURAL NETWORKS (COMPUTER); PROBLEM SOLVING; PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE; THINKING;

EID: 67449113542     PISSN: 03400727     EISSN: 14302772     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00426-009-0237-z     Document Type: Article

References (134)

1. JA Adams 1971 A closed-loop theory of motor learning Journal of Motor Behavior 3 111 149
2. SM Aglioti P Cesari M Romani C Urgesi 2008 Action anticipation and motor resonance in elite basketball players Natural Neuroscience 11 9 1109 1116
3. Arbib, M. A. (1981). Perceptual structures and distributed motor control. In V. B. Brooks (Ed.) Handbook of physiology-the nervous system II. Motor control (pp. 1449-1480). Bethesda: American Physiological Society.
4. M Arbib 2005 From monkey-like action recognition to human language: An evolutionary framework for neurolinguistics Behavioral and Brain Sciences 28 105 121
5. Arbib, M., Bonaiuto, J., Jacobs, S., & Frey, S. (2009). Tool use and the distalization of the end-effector (this issue).
6. Baddeley, A., & Hitch, G. (1974). Working memory. In G. Bower (Ed.), The Psychology of Learning and Motivation (pp. 47-89). London: Academic.
7. BW Balleine A Dickinson 1998 Goal-directed instrumental action: Contingency and incentive learning and their cortical substrates Neuropharmacology 37 4-5 407 419 (Pubitemid 28306930)
8. JA Bargh TL Chartrand 1999 The unbearable automaticity of being American Psychologist 54 462 479
9. RA Barkley 2001 The executive functions and self-regulation: An evolutionary neuropsychological perspective Neuropsychology Review 11 1 1 29 (Pubitemid 33635919)
10. LW Barsalou 1999 Perceptual symbol systems Behavioral and Brain Sciences 22 577 600
11. L Barsalou 2008 Grounded cognition Annual Review of Psychology 59 617 645
12. K Berridge 2004 Motivation concepts in behavioral neuroscience Physiology and Behavior 81 2 179 209 (Pubitemid 38670087)
13. Berthoz, A. (2000). The brain's sense of movement. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
14. SJ Blakemore SJ Goodbody DM Wolpert 1998 Predicting the consequences of our own actions: The role of sensorimotor context estimation The Journal of Neuroscience 18 18 7511 7518 (Pubitemid 28425833)
15. MM Botvinick 2008 Hierarchical models of behavior and prefrontal function Trends in Cognitive Sciences 12 5 201 208
16. M Brass H Bekkering A Wohlschlger W Prinz 2000 Compatibility between observed and executed finger movements: Comparing symbolic, spatial and imitative cues Brain and Cognition 44 124 143 (Pubitemid 30819537)
17. Bratman, M. (1987). Intentions, plans, and practical reason. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
18. D Bullock S Grossberg 1988 Neural dynamics of planned arm movements: Emergent invariants and speed-accuracy properties during trajectory formation Psychol Rev 95 49 90
19. N Burgess G Hitch 2005 Computational models of working memory: Putting long-term memory into context Trends in Cognitive Sciences 9 535 541 (Pubitemid 41540126)
20. PW Burgess I Dumontheil SJ Gilbert 2007 The gateway hypothesis of rostral prefrontal cortex (area 10) function Trends in Cognitive Sciences 11 7 290 298 (Pubitemid 46962331)
21. C Castelfranchi 2000 Through the agents' minds: Cognitive mediators of social action Mind & Society 1 109 140
22. P Cisek 2005 Neural representations of motor plans, desired trajectories, and controlled objects Cognitive Processing 6 15 24 (Pubitemid 40379502)
23. P Cisek 2007 Cortical mechanisms of action selection: The affordance competition hypothesis Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B 362 1585 1599 (Pubitemid 47395851)
24. P Cisek JF Kalaska 2005 Neural correlates of reaching decisions in dorsal premotor cortex: Specification of multiple direction choices and final selection of action Neuron 45 5 801 814 (Pubitemid 40320712)
25. R Cotterill 2001 Cooperation of the basal ganglia, cerebellum, sensory cerebrum and hippocampus: Possible implications for cognition, consciousness, intelligence and creativity Progress in Neurobiology 64 1 33 (Pubitemid 32201887)
26. L Craighero L Fadiga G Rizzolatti C Ulmita 1999 Action for perception: A motor-visual attentional effect Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 25 1673 1692
27. Craik, K. (1943). The nature of explanation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
28. Damasio, A. R. (1994). Descartes' error: emotion, reason and the human brain. New York: Grosset/Putnam.
29. ND Daw Y Niv P Dayan 2005 Uncertainty-based competition between prefrontal and dorsolateral striatal systems for behavioral control Nature Neuroscience 8 12 1704 1711 (Pubitemid 41683198)
30. J Decety J Grèzes 2006 The power of simulation: Imagining one's own and other's behavior Brain Research 1079 1 4 14
31. Y Demiris B Khadhouri 2005 Hierarchical attentive multiple models for execution and recognition (hammer) Robotics and Autonomous Systems Journal 54 361 369
32. M Desmurget S Grafton 2000 Forward modeling allows feedback control for fast reaching movements Trends in Cognitive Sciences 4 423 431 (Pubitemid 30779996)
33. A Diamond 2000 Close interrelation of motor development and cognitive development and of the cerebellum and prefrontal cortex Child Development 71 44 56
34. L Fadiga L Craighero G Buccino G Rizzolatti 2002 Speech listening specifically modulates the excitability of tongue muscles: A tms study European Journal of Neuroscience 15 399 402 (Pubitemid 35471962)
35. A Fagg M Arbib 1998 Modeling parietal-premotor interactions in primate control of grasping Neural Networks 11 7-8 1277 1303 (Pubitemid 28527126)
36. S Fagioli B Hommel RI Schubotz 2007 Intentional control of attention: Action planning primes action-related stimulus dimensions Psychological Research 71 1 22 29
37. CJ Fiebach RI Schubotz 2006 Dynamic anticipatory processing of hierarchical sequential events: A common role for broca's area and ventral premotor cortex across domains? Cortex 42 4 499 502 (Pubitemid 44842052)
38. J Flanagan R Johansson 2003 Action plans used in action observation Nature 424 769 771 (Pubitemid 37021704)
39. L Fogassi P Ferrari F Chersi B Gesierich S Rozzi G Rizzolatti 2005 Parietal lobe: From action organization to intention understanding Science 308 662 667 (Pubitemid 40594381)
40. K Friston 2005 A theory of cortical responses Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences 360 1456 815 836 (Pubitemid 40885667)
41. CD Frith SJ Blakemore DM Wolpert 2000 Abnormalities in the awareness and control of action Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences 355 1404 1771 1788 (Pubitemid 32116941)
42. Fuster, J. M. (1997). The prefrontal cortex: Anatomy, physiology, neuropsychology of the frontal lobe. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven.
43. V Gallese 2001 The 'shared manifold' hypothesis. From mirror neurons to empathy Journal of Consciousness Studies 8 5 87
44. V Gallese T Metzinger 2003 Motor ontology: The representational reality of goals, actions, and selves Philosophical Psychology 13 3 365 388 (Pubitemid 37291697)
45. V Gallese C Keysers G Rizzolatti 2004 A unifying view of the basis of social cognition Trends in Cognitive Sciences 8 9 396 403 (Pubitemid 39179902)
46. P Gardenfors 2004 Emulators as sources of hidden cognitive variables The Behavioral and Brain Sciences 27 3 403
47. P Gardenfors 2007 Mind-reading as control theory European Review 15 2 223 240 (Pubitemid 46881400)
48. Gibson, J. (1979). The ecological approach to visual perception. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
49. A Glenberg 1997 What memory is for Behavioral and Brain Sciences 20 1 55
50. P Gollwitzer 1999 Implementation intentions: Strong effects of simple plans American Psychologist 54 493 503
51. Gregory, R. L. (1969). On how so little information controls so much behavior. In C. H. Waddington (Ed.), Towards a Theoretical Biology. 2, Sketches. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
52. R Grush 2004 The emulation theory of representation: Motor control, imagery, and perception Behavioral and Brain Sciences 27 3 377 96
53. P Haggard 2008 Human volition: Towards a neuroscience of will Nature Reviews Neuroscience 9 934 946
54. Hamilton, A. F. d. C. & Grafton, S. T. (2007). The motor hierarchy: From kinematics to goals and intentions. In P. Haggard, Y. Rossetti, M. Kawato (Eds.), Sensorimotor foundations of higher cognition. NY: Oxford University Press.
55. Haruno, M., Wolpert, D., & Kawato, M. (2003). Hierarchical mosaic for movement generation. In T. Ono, G. Matsumoto, R. Llinas, A. Berthoz, H. Norgren, R. Tamura (Eds.), Excepta medica international coungress series. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
56. G Hesslow 2002 Conscious thought as simulation of behaviour and perception Trends in Cognitive Sciences 6 242 247 (Pubitemid 34597231)
57. J Hoffmann C Stöcker W Kunde 2004 Anticipatory control of actions International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 2 346 361
58. Hommel, B. (2000). The prepared reflex: Automaticity and control in stimulus-response translation. In S. Monsell, J. Driver (Eds.), Attention and performance XVIII: Control of cognitive processes (pp. 247-273). Cambridge: MIT Press.
59. B Hommel J Musseler G Aschersleben W Prinz 2001 The theory of event coding (tec): A framework for perception and action planning Behavioral and Brain Science 24 5 849 78
60. JC Houk 2005 Agents of the mind Biological Cybernetics 92 6 427 437 (Pubitemid 40834171)
61. S Hurley 2008 The shared circuits model (scm): How control, mirroring, and simulation can enable imitation, deliberation, and mindreading Behavioral and Brain Sciences 31 1 22
62. M Iacoboni I Molnar-Szakacs V Gallese G Buccino JC Mazziotta G Rizzolatti 2005 Grasping the intentions of others with one's own mirror neuron system PLoS Biol 3 3 e79
63. M Ito 1993 Movement and thought: Identical control mechanisms by the cerebellum Trends in Neurosciences 16 448 450 (Pubitemid 23313519)
64. P Jacob M Jeannerod 2005 The motor theory of social cognition: A critique Trends in Cognitive Sciences 9 1 21 25 (Pubitemid 40091929)
65. James, W. (1890). The principles of psychology. New York: Dover Publications.
66. M Jeannerod 1994 The representing brain: Neural correlates of motor intention and imagery The Behavioral and Brain Sciences 17 187 245
67. Jeannerod, M. (1997). The cognitive neuroscience of action (pp. 173-174). Oxford: Blackwell.
68. M Jeannerod 1999 To act or not to act: Perspectives on the representation of actions Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 52A (1 1 29
69. M Jeannerod 2001 Neural simulation of action: A unifying mechanism for motor cognition NeuroImage 14 S103 S109
70. Jeannerod, M. (2006). Motor cognition. NY: Oxford University Press.
71. JS Jordan 2003 Emergence of self and other in perception and action Consciousness and Cognition 12 633 646
72. MI Jordan D Rumelhart 1992 Forward models: Supervised learning with a distal teacher Cognitive Science 16 307 354
73. M Kawato 1999 Internal models for motor control and trajectory planning Current Opinion in Neurobiology 9 718 727
74. J Kilner Y Paulignan S Blakemore 2003 An interference effect of observed biological movement on action Current Biology 13 522 525 (Pubitemid 36345729)
75. E Koechlin C Summerfield 2007 An information theoretical approach to prefrontal executive function Trends Cogn Sci 11 6 229 235 (Pubitemid 46809561)
76. Konidaris, G., & Barto, A. (2007). Building portable options: Skill transfer in reinforcement learning. In Proceedings of the twentieth international joint conference on artificial intelligence (IJCAI-07).
77. CA Kurby JM Zacks 2008 Segmentation in the perception and memory of events Trends in Cognitive Sciences 12 2 72 79
78. MF Land 2006 Eye movements and the control of actions in everyday life Progress in Retinal and Eye Research 25 296 324 (Pubitemid 43782814)
79. A Martin CL Wiggs LG Ungerleider JV Haxby 1996 Neural correlates of category-specific knowledge Nature 379 649 652 (Pubitemid 26052826)
80. S McClure D Laibson G Loewenstein J Cohen 2004 Separate neural systems value immediate and delayed monetary rewards Science 304 503 507 (Pubitemid 39372453)
81. C McKinstry R Dale MJ Spivey 2008 Action dynamics reveal parallel competition in decision making Psychological Science 19 1 22 24
82. B Mehta S Schaal 2002 Forward models in visuomotor control Journal of Neurophysiology 88 942 53
83. RC Miall 2003 Connecting mirror neurons and forward models Neuroreport 14 17 2135 2137
84. RC Miall DM Wolpert 1996 Forward models for physiological motor control Neural Networks 9 8 1265 1279 (Pubitemid 26413051)
85. M Miceli C Castelfranchi 2002 Modelling motivational representations Cognitive Science Quarterly 2 233 247
86. FA Middleton PL Strick 2000 Basal ganglia output and cognition: Evidence from anatomical, behavioral, and clinical studies Brain Cognition 42 2 183 200 (Pubitemid 30187451)
87. EK Miller JD Cohen 2001 An integrative theory of prefrontal cortex function Annual Review of Neuroscience 24 167 202 (Pubitemid 32695227)
88. Miller, G. A., Galanter, E., & Pribram, K. H. (1960). Plans and the structure of behavior. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
89. R Moller W Schenck 2008 Bootstrapping cognition from behavior-a computerized thought experiment Cognitive Science 32 3 504 542
90. Nishimoto, R., & Tani, J. (2009). Development process of functional hierarchy for actions and motor imagery: A constructivist view from synthetic neuro-robotics study (this issue).
91. Y Niv D Joel P Dayan 2006 A normative perspective on motivation Trends in Cognitive Science 8 375 381 (Pubitemid 44093326)
92. E Oztop D Wolpert M Kawato 2005 Mental state inference using visual control parameters Cognitive Brain Research 22 129 151 (Pubitemid 40093908)
93. E Oztop M Kawato M Arbib 2006 Mirror neurons and imitation: A computationally guided review Neural Network 19 3 254 271 (Pubitemid 43728553)
94. E Pacherie 2008 The phenomenology of action: A conceptual framework Cognition 107 179 217
95. G Pezzulo 2008 Coordinating with the future: The anticipatory nature of representation Minds and Machines 18 2 179 225
96. Pezzulo, G. (2008b). A study of off-line uses of anticipation. In M. Asada, J. Tani, J. Hallam, J.-A. Meyer (Eds.), Proceedings of SAB 2008. LNAI, vol 5040 (pp. 372-382). Berlin: Springer.
97. G Pezzulo C Castelfranchi 2007 The symbol detachment problem Cognitive Processing 8 2 115 131 (Pubitemid 46835841)
98. LB Pham SE Taylor 1999 From thought to action: Effects of process- versus outcome-based mental simulations on performance Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 25 250 260
99. Piaget, J. (1954). The construction of reality in the child. Ballentine.
100. Powers, W. T. (1973). Behavior: The control of perception. Hawthorne, NY: Aldine.
101. W Prinz 1997 Perception and action planning European Journal of Cognitive Psychology 9 129 154 (Pubitemid 127440315)
102. CR Raby DM Alexis A Dickinson NS Clayton 2007 Planning for the future by western scrub-jays Nature 445 7130 919 921 (Pubitemid 46309839)
103. P Redgrave TJ Prescott K Gurney 1999 The basal ganglia: A vertebrate solution to the selection problem? Neuroscience 89 1009 1023 (Pubitemid 29074622)
104. S Rick G Loewenstein 2008 Intangibility in intertemporal choice Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences 363 1511 3813 3824
105. G Rizzolatti MA Arbib 1998 Language within our grasp Trends in Neurosciences 21 5 188 194 (Pubitemid 28191810)
106. G Rizzolatti L Craighero 2004 The mirror-neuron system Annual Review of Neuroscience 27 169 192 (Pubitemid 39050401)
107. G Rizzolatti R Camarda L Fogassi M Gentilucci G Luppino M Matelli 1988 Functional organization of inferior area 6 in the macaque monkey. ii. area f5 and the control of distal movements Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale 71 3 491 507 (Pubitemid 18221225)
108. Rizzolatti, G., Riggio, L., & Sheliga, B. (1994). Space and selective attention. In C. Umilta, M. Moscovitch (Eds.) Attention and performance XV (pp. 231-265). Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press.
109. P Rochat 2007 Intentional action arises from early reciprocal exchanges Acta Psychologica 124 1 8 25 (Pubitemid 44932835)
110. Rolls, E. T. (1999). The brain and emotion. New York: Oxford University Press.
111. Rosenbaum, D. (1991). Human motor control. New York: Academic Press.
112. DA Rosenbaum RA Carlson RO Gilmore 2001 Acquisition of intellectual and perceptual-motor skills Annual Review of Psychology 52 453 70
113. DA Rosenbaum RJ Meulenbroek J Vaughan 2001 Planning reaching and grasping movements: Theoretical premises and practical implications Motor Control 2 99 115
114. A Rosenblueth N Wiener J Bigelow 1943 Behavior, purpose and teleology Philosophy of Science 10 1 18 24
115. Scheier, M. F., & Carver, C. S. (2003). Self-regulatory processes and responses to health threats: Effects of optimism on well-being. In J. Suls, K. Wallston (Eds.), Social psychological foundations of health (pp. 395-428). Oxford: Blackwell.
116. RA Schmidt 1975 A schema theory of discrete motor skill learning Psychological Review 82 225 260
117. RI Schubotz 2007 Prediction of external events with our motor system: Towards a new framework Trends in Cognitive Sciences 11 5 211 218 (Pubitemid 46654823)
118. W Schultz 1998 Predictive reward signal of dopamine neurons Journal of Neurophysiology 80 1 27 (Pubitemid 28326237)
119. G Stelmach V Diggles 1982 Control theories in motor behavior Acta Psychologica 50 83 105
120. T Suddendorf MC Corballis 2007 The evolution of foresight: What is mental time travel and is it unique to humans? Behavioral and Brain Sciences 30 3 299 313
121. M Synofzik P Thier A Lindner 2006 Movements depends on an adaptable prediction about the sensory action outcome J Neurophysiology 96 1592 1601
122. M Tettamanti G Buccino MC Saccuman V Gallese M Danna P Scifo F Fazio G Rizzolatti SF Cappa D Perani 2005 Listening to action-related sentences activates fronto-parietal motor circuits Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 17 2 273 281 (Pubitemid 40194709)
123. M Tucker R Ellis 2004 Action priming by briefly presented objects Acta Psychologica 116 185 203 (Pubitemid 38670695)
124. M Umiltà L Escola I Intskirveli F Grammont M Rochat F Caruana A Jezzini V Gallese G Rizzolatti 2008 How pliers become fingers in the monkey motor system Proceedings of the National Academy of Science 105 2209 2213
125. von Helmholtz, H. (1867). Handbuch der physiologischen Optik. Leipzig: L. Voss.
126. C von Hofsten 2004 An action perspective on motor development Trends in Cognitive Science 8 6 266 272 (Pubitemid 38692517)
127. E von Holst H Mittelstaedt 1950 Das reafferenzprinzip Naturwissenschaften 37 464 476
128. M Wilson G Knoblich 2005 The case for motor involvement in perceiving conspecifics Psychological Bulletin 131 460 473 (Pubitemid 40688259)
129. A Wohlschlager K Engbert P Haggard 2003 Intentionality as a constituting condition for the own self-and other selves Consciousness and Cognition 12 4 708 716 (Pubitemid 37491358)
130. A Wohlschlager M Gattis H Bekkering 2003 Action generation and action perception in imitation: An instance of the ideomotor principle Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 358 501 515 (Pubitemid 36380530)
131. DM Wolpert Z Ghahramani 2004 Computational motor control Science 269 1880 1882
132. DM Wolpert M Kawato 1998 Multiple paired forward and inverse models for motor control Neural Networks 11 7-8 1317 1329 (Pubitemid 28527128)
133. DM Wolpert K Doya M Kawato 2003 A unifying computational framework for motor control and social interaction Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 358 1431 593 602 (Pubitemid 36380538)
134. JM Zacks NK Speer KM Swallow TS Braver JR Reynolds 2007 Event perception: A mind-brain perspective Psychological Bulletin 133 2 273 293