The effect of adjunctive chlorhexidine mouthrinse on clinical parameters and gingival crevicular fluid cytokine levels in untreated plaque-associated gingivitis

Inflammation Research

Volumn 58, Issue 5, 2009, Pages 277-283

  Turkoglu O ^a   Becerik, S ^a   Emingil, Gülnur ^a   Kutukculer N ^a   Baylas, H ^a   Atilla, G ^a  

^a EGE UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

Author keywords

Chlorhexidine; Cytokine; Gingival crevicular fluid; Inflammation; Mouthrinse

Indexed keywords

CHLORHEXIDINE; INTERLEUKIN 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; INTERLEUKIN 1ALPHA; INTERLEUKIN 1BETA; INTERLEUKIN 8; MOUTHWASH; PLACEBO;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CLINICAL ASSESSMENT; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; CYTOKINE RELEASE; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; FEMALE; GINGIVA BLEEDING; GINGIVITIS; HUMAN; MALE; MOUTH HYGIENE; MOUTH ULCER; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; TASTE DISORDER; TOOTH CALCULUS; TOOTH DISCOLORATION; TOOTH PLAQUE; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS, LOCAL; CHLORHEXIDINE; CYTOKINES; DENTAL PLAQUE; DENTAL PLAQUE INDEX; FEMALE; GINGIVAL CREVICULAR FLUID; GINGIVITIS; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MOUTHWASHES; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; PLACEBOS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 67349137889     PISSN: 10233830     EISSN: 1420908X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00011-008-8129-z     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Löe H, Theilade E, Jensen SB. Experimental gingivitis in man. J Periodontal 1965; 36: 177-87.
2. Baehni PC, Takeuchi Y. Anti-plaque agents in the prevention of biofilm-associated oral diseases. Oral Dis 2003; 9: 23-9.
3. Axelsson P, Lindhe J. Efficacy of mouthrinses in inhibiting dental plaque and gingivitis in man. J Clin Periodontol 1987; 14: 205-12.
4. Brecx M, Macdonald LL, Legary K, Cheang M, Forgay MG. Long-term effects of Meridol and Chlorhexidine mouthrinses on plaque, gingivitis, staining, and bacterial vitality. J Dent Res 1993; 72: 1194-7.
5. Rentan-Harper P, Addy M, Moran J, Doherty FM, Newcombe RG. A comparison of Chlorhexidine, cetylpyridinium chloride, triclosan, and C31G mouthrinse products for plaque inhibition. J Periodontol 1996; 67: 486-9.
6. Corbet EF. Therapeutic effects of supervised Chlorhexidine mouthrinses on untreated gingivitis. Oral Dis 1997; 3: 9-18.
7. Eaton KA, Rimini FM, Zak E, Brookman DJ, Hopkins LM, Cannell PJ, et al. The effects of a 0.12% chlorhexidine-digluconate-containing mouthrinse versus a placebo on plaque and gingival inflammation over a 3-month period. A multicentre study carried out in general dental practices. J Clin Periodontol 1997; 24: 189-97.
8. Lang NP, Hase JC, Grassi M, Hämmerte CH, Weigel C, Kelty E, et al. Plaque formation and gingivitis after supervised mouthrinsing with 0.2% delmopinol hydrochloride, 0.2% Chlorhexidine digluconate and placebo for 6 months. Oral Dis 1998; 4: 105-13.
9. Jones CG. Chlorhexidine: is it still the gold standard? Periodontology 2000, 1997; 15:55-62.
10. Fardai O, Turnbull RS. A review of the literature on use of chlorhexidine in dentistry. J Am Dent Assoc 1986; 112: 863-9.
11. Overholser CD, Meiller TF, DePaola LG, Minah GE, Niehaus C. Comparative effects of 2 chemotherapeutic mouthrinses on the development of supragingival dental plaque and gingivitis. J Clin Periodontol 1990; 17: 575-9.
12. Okada H, Murakami S. Cytokine expression in periodontal health and disease. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 1998; 9: 248-66.
13. Dinarello CA. Interleukin-1, interleukin-1 receptors and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist. Int Rev Immunol 1998; 16: 457-99.
14. Masada MD, Persson R, Kinney JS, Lee SW, Page RC, Allison AC. Measurement of interleukin-1α and -Iβ in gingival crevicular fluid: Implications for the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. J Periodontal Res 1990; 25: 156-63.
15. Gonzales JR, Herrmann JM, Boedeker RH, Francz PI, Biesalski H, Meyle J. Concentration of interleukin-1 beta and neutrophil elastase activity in gingival crevicular fluid during experimental gingivitis. J Clin Periodontol. 2001; 28: 544-9.
16. Engebretson SP, Grbic JT, Singer R, Lamster IB. GCF IL-Iβ profiles in periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol 2002; 29: 48-53.
17. Arend WP, Malyak M, Guthridge CJ, Gabay C. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist: role in biology. Annu Rev Immunol 1998; 16: 27-55.
18. Chung RM, Grbic JT, Lamster IB. Interleukin-8 and β-glucuronidase in gingival crevicular fluid. J Clin Periodontol 1997; 24: 146-52.
19. Gamonal J, Acevedo A, Bascones A, Jorge O, Silva A. Levels of interleukin-1β, -8, and -10 and RANTES in gingival crevicular fluid and cell populations in adult periodontitis patients and the effect of periodontal treatment. J Periodontol 2000; 71: 1535-45.
20. Hase JC, Attström R, Edwardsson S, Kelty E, Kisch J. 6-month use of 0.2% delmopinol hydrochloride in comparison with 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate and placebo (I). Effect on plaque formation and gingivitis. J Clin. Periodontol 1998; 25: 746-53.
21. Hase JC, Edwardsson S, Rundegren J, Attström R, Kelty E. 6-month use of 0.2% delmopinol hydrochloride in comparison with 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate and placebo (II). Effect on plaque and salivary microflora. J Clin Periodontol 1998; 25: 841-9.
22. Hoffmann. T, Bruhn G, Richter S, Netuschil L, Brecx M. Clinical controlled study on plaque and gingivitis reduction under long-term use of low-dose chlorhexidine solutions in a population exhibiting good oral hygiene. Clin Oral Investig 2001; 5: 89-95.
23. Charles CH, Mostler KM, Bartels LL, Mankodi SM. Comparative antiplaque and antigingivitis effectiveness of a chlorhexidine and an essential oil mouthrinse: 6-month clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol 2004; 31: 878-84.
24. Lorenz K, Bruhn G, Heumann C, Netuschil L, Brecx M, Hoffmann T. Effect of two new chlorhexidine mouthrinses on the development of dental plaque, gingivitis, and discolouration. A randomized, investigator-blind, placebo-controlled, 3-week experimental gingivitis study. J Clin Periodontol 2006; 33: 561-7.
25. Armitage GC. Development of a classification system for periodontal diseases and conditions. Ann Periodontol 1999; 4: 1-6.
26. Quigley GA, Hein JW. Comparative cleansing efficiency of manual and power brushing. J Am Dent Assoc 1962; 65: 26-9.
27. Saxer UP, Mühlemann HR. Motivation and instruction. Schweiz Monatsschr für Zahnheilkd 1975; 85: 905-19.
28. Diagnostic criteria for dental examinations. In: Oral Health of United States Adults. Epidemiology and Oral Disease Prevention Program. Bethesda. MD: National Institute of Dental Research; 1987; 159-167. NIH publication no. 87-2868.
29. Lamster IB, Hartley LJ, Oshrain RL. Evaluation and modification of spectrophotometric procedures for analysis of lactate dehydrogenase, beta-glucuronidase and arylsulphatase in human gingival crevicular fluid collected with filter-paper strips. Arch Oral Biol 1985; 30: 235-42.
30. Cimasoni G. Method of collection. Crevicular fluid updated. Monographs in Oral Science, vol. 12. Basel, Switzerland: S.Karger, 1983: 29-36.
31. Wickström. G, Bendix T. The "Hawthorne effect" - what did the original Hawthorne studies actually show? Scand J Work Environ Health. 2000; 26: 363-7.
32. Brownstein CN, Briggs SD, Schweitzer KL, Briner WW, Kornman KS. Irrigation with chlorhexidine to resolve naturally occurring gingivitis. A methodologic study. J Clin Periodontol 1990; 17: 588-93.
33. Zanatta FB, Antoniazzi RP, Rösing CK. The effect of 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate rinsing on previously plaque-free and plaque-covered surfaces: a randomized, controlled clinical trial. J Periodontol 2007; 78: 2127-34.
34. Pratten J, Barnett P, Wilson. M. Composition and susceptibility to chlorhexidine of multispecies biofilms of oral bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 1998; 64: 3515-9.
35. Zaura-Arite E, van Marie J, ten Cate JM. Conofocal microscopy study of undisturbed and chlorhexidine-treated dental biofilm. J Dent Res 2001; 80: 1436-40.
36. Vitkov L, Hermann A, Krautgartner WD, Herrmann M, Fuchs K, Klappacher M, et al. Chlorhexidine-induced ultrastructural alterations in oral biofilm. Microsc Res Tech 2005; 68: 85-9.
37. Auschill TM, Hein N, Hellwig E, Follo M, Sculean A, Arweiler NB. Effect of two antimicrobial agents on early in situ biofilm formation. J Clin Periodontol 2005; 32: 147-52.
38. Sköld K, Twetman S, Hallgren A, Yucel-Lindberg T, Modeer T. Effect of a chlorhexidine/thymol-containing varnish on prostaglandin E2 levels in gingival crevicular fluid. Eur J Oral Sci 1998; 106: 571-5.
39. Yucel-Lindberg T, Twetman S, Sköld-Larsson K, Modeer T. Effect of an antibacterial dental varnish on the levels of prostanoids, leukotriene B4, and interleukin-1 beta in gingival crevicular fluid. Acta Odontol Scand 1999; 57: 23-7.
40. Zhang J, Kashket S, Lingström P. Evidence for the early onset of gingival inflammation following short-term plaque accumulation. J Clin Periodontol 2002; 29: 1082-5.
41. Lang NP, Catalanotto FA, Knopfli RU, Antczak AA. Quality-specific taste impairment following the application of chlorhexidine digluconate mouthrinses. J Clin Periodontol 1988; 15: 43-8.