Sedative and hypothermic effects of γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) in rats alone and in combination with other drugs: Assessment using biotelemetry

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

Volumn 103, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 137-147

  van Nieuwenhuijzen, Petra S ^a   McGregor, Iain S ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Hydroxybutyrate (GHB); 3,4 Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA); Body temperature; Locomotor activity; Methamphetamine (METH); Telemetry

Indexed keywords

3,4 METHYLENEDIOXYMETHAMPHETAMINE; 4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID B RECEPTOR; 4 HYDROXYBUTYRIC ACID; 5,5 DIMETHYL 2 MORPHOLINEACETIC ACID; 8 CHLORO 2,3,4,5 TETRAHYDRO 3 METHYL 5 PHENYL 1H 3 BENZAZEPIN 7 OL HYDROGEN MALEATE; BACLOFEN; FLUMAZENIL; METHAMPHETAMINE; NALTREXONE; RECREATIONAL DRUG; RITANSERIN;

ANIMAL BEHAVIOR; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ARTICLE; BODY TEMPERATURE; CHEMICAL INTERACTION; CONCENTRATION RESPONSE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CROSS TOLERANCE; DRUG TOLERANCE; ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURE; EUPHORIA; HYPERTHERMIA; HYPOTHERMIA; LOCOMOTION; MALE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAT; SEDATION; TELEMETRY;

ANIMALS; BACLOFEN; BENZAZEPINES; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, DRUG; DRUG INTERACTIONS; DRUG TOLERANCE; FLUMAZENIL; HYPOTHERMIA; MALE; METHAMPHETAMINE; MORPHOLINES; MOTOR ACTIVITY; N-METHYL-3,4-METHYLENEDIOXYAMPHETAMINE; NALTREXONE; RATS; RATS, WISTAR; RITANSERIN; SODIUM OXYBATE; STREET DRUGS; TELEMETRY;

RATTUS;

EID: 67349124390     PISSN: 03768716     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.03.004     Document Type: Article

References (80)

1. Abanades S., Farre M., Barral D., Torrens M., Closas N., Langohr K., Pastor A., and de la Torre R. Relative abuse liability of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, flunitrazepam, and ethanol in club drug users. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 27 (2007) 625-638
2. Baker L.E., Searcy G.D., Pynnonen D.M., and Poling A. Differentiating the discriminative stimulus effects of gamma-hydroxybutyrate and ethanol in a three-choice drug discrimination procedure in rats. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 89 (2008) 598-607
3. Bania T.C., Ashar T., Press G., and Carey P.M. Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid tolerance and withdrawal in a rat model. Acad. Emerg. Med. 10 (2003) 697-704
4. Bankson M.G., and Cunningham K.A. 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) as a unique model of serotonin receptor function and serotonin-dopamine interactions. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 297 (2001) 846-852
5. Barbaccia M.L. Neurosteroidogenesis: relevance to neurosteroid actions in brain and modulation by psychotropic drugs. Crit. Rev. Neurobiol. 16 (2004) 67-74
6. Barbaccia M.L., Colombo G., Affricano D., Carai M.A., Vacca G., Melis S., Purdy R.H., and Gessa G.L. GABA(B) receptor-mediated increase of neurosteroids by gamma-hydroxybutyric acid. Neuropharmacology 42 (2002) 782-791
7. Barker J.C., Harris S.L., and Dyer J.E. Experiences of gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB) ingestion: a focus group study. J. Psychoactive Drugs 39 (2007) 115-129
8. Benamar K., Geller E.B., and Adler M.W. A new brain area affected by 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine: a microdialysis-biotelemetry study. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 596 (2008) 84-88
9. Bexis S., Phillis B.D., Ong J., White J.M., and Irvine R.J. Baclofen prevents MDMA-induced rise in core body temperature in rats. Drug Alcohol Depend. 74 (2004) 89-96
10. Bowyer J.F., Davies D.L., Schmued L., Broening H.W., Newport G.D., Slikker Jr. W., and Holson R.R. Further studies of the role of hyperthermia in methamphetamine neurotoxicity. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 268 (1994) 1571-1580
11. Bubar M.J., Pack K.M., Frankel P.S., and Cunningham K.A. Effects of dopamine D1- or D2-like receptor antagonists on the hypermotive and discriminative stimulus effects of (+)-MDMA. Psychopharmacology (Berl.) 173 (2004) 326-336
12. Caligiuri M.P., and Buitenhuys C. Do preclinical findings of methamphetamine-induced motor abnormalities translate to an observable clinical phenotype?. Neuropsychopharmacology 30 (2005) 2125-2134
13. Carai M.A., Colombo G., Brunetti G., Melis S., Serra S., Vacca G., Mastinu S., Pistuddi A.M., Solinas C., Cignarella G., Minardi G., and Gessa G.L. Role of GABA(B) receptors in the sedative/hypnotic effect of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 428 (2001) 315-321
14. Carai M.A., Colombo G., and Gessa G.L. Resuscitative effect of a gamma-aminobutyric acid B receptor antagonist on gamma-hydroxybutyric acid mortality in mice. Ann. Emerg. Med. 45 (2005) 614-619
15. Carai M.A., Quang L.S., Atzeri S., Lobina C., Maccioni P., Orru A., Gessa G.L., Maher T.J., and Colombo G. Withdrawal syndrome from gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD) in Sardinian alcohol-preferring rats. Brain Res. Brain Res. Protoc. 15 (2005) 75-78
16. Carter L.P., Flores L.R., Wu H., Chen W., Unzeitig A.W., Coop A., and France C.P. The role of GABAB receptors in the discriminative stimulus effects of gamma-hydroxybutyrate in rats: time course and antagonism studies. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 305 (2003) 668-674
17. Carter L.P., Richards B.D., Mintzer M.Z., and Griffiths R.R. Relative abuse liability of GHB in humans: a comparison of psychomotor, subjective, and cognitive effects of supratherapeutic doses of triazolam, pentobarbital, and GHB. Neuropsychopharmacology 31 (2006) 2537-2551
18. Castelli M.P., Pibiri F., Carboni G., and Piras A.P. A review of pharmacology of NCS-382, a putative antagonist of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) receptor. CNS Drug Rev. 10 (2004) 243-260
19. Catalina F., Milewich L., Frawley W., Kumar V., and Bennett M. Decrease of core body temperature in mice by dehydroepiandrosterone. Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood) 227 (2002) 382-388
20. Chin R.L., Sporer K.A., Cullison B., Dyer J.E., and Wu T.D. Clinical course of gamma-hydroxybutyrate overdose. Ann. Emerg. Med. 31 (1998) 716-722
21. Clemens K.J., Cornish J.L., Li K.M., Hunt G.E., and McGregor I.S. MDMA ('Ecstasy') and methamphetamine combined: order of administration influences hyperthermic and long-term adverse effects in female rats. Neuropharmacology 49 (2005) 195-207
22. Colombo G., Agabio R., Lobina C., Reali R., and Gessa G.L. Involvement of GABA(A) and GABA(B) receptors in the mediation of discriminative stimulus effects of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid. Physiol. Behav. 64 (1998) 293-302
23. Colpaert F.C., Meert T.F., Niemegeers C.J., and Janssen P.A. Behavioral and 5-HT antagonist effects of ritanserin: a pure and selective antagonist of LSD discrimination in rat. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 86 (1985) 45-54
24. Crosby G., Ito M., Kaufman E., Nelson T., and Sokoloff L. Naloxone pretreatment alters the local cerebral metabolic effect of gamma-hydroxybutyrate in rats. Brain Res. 275 (1983) 194-197
25. Cruz H.G., Ivanova T., Lunn M.L., Stoffel M., Slesinger P.A., and Luscher C. Bi-directional effects of GABA(B) receptor agonists on the mesolimbic dopamine system. Nat. Neurosci. 7 (2004) 153-159
26. Degenhardt L., and Dunn M. The epidemiology of GHB and ketamine use in an Australian household survey. Int. J. Drug Policy 19 (2008) 311-316
27. Dresen S., Kempf J., and Weinmann W. Prevalence of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) in serum samples of amphetamine, metamphetamine and ecstasy impaired drivers. Forensic Sci. Int. 173 (2007) 112-116
28. Eikelboom R. Naloxone, naltrexone and body temperature. Life Sci. 40 (1987) 1027-1032
29. Feigenbaum J.J., and Howard S.G. Naloxone reverses the inhibitory effect of gamma-hydroxybutyrate on central DA release in vivo in awake animals: a microdialysis study. Neurosci. Lett. 218 (1996) 5-8
30. Finger F.W. Relation of general activity in rats to environmental temperature. Percept. Mot. Skills 43 (1976) 875-890
31. Gallate J.E., Mallet P.E., and McGregor I.S. Combined low dose treatment with opioid and cannabinoid receptor antagonists synergistically reduces the motivation to consume alcohol in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl.) 173 (2004) 210-216
32. Ghosh S., and Poddar M.K. Higher environmental temperature-induced increase in body temperature: involvement of serotonin in GABA mediated interaction of opioidergic system. Neurochem. Res. 18 (1993) 1287-1292
33. Gobaille S., Schleef C., Hechler V., Viry S., Aunis D., and Maitre M. Gamma-hydroxybutyrate increases tryptophan availability and potentiates serotonin turnover in rat brain. Life Sci. 70 (2002) 2101-2112
34. Green A.R., O'Shea E., and Colado M.I. A review of the mechanisms involved in the acute MDMA (ecstasy)-induced hyperthermic response. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 500 (2004) 3-13
35. Green A.R., O'Shea E., Saadat K.S., Elliott J.M., and Colado M.I. Studies on the effect of MDMA ('ecstasy') on the body temperature of rats housed at different ambient room temperatures. Br. J. Pharmacol. 146 (2005) 306-312
36. Hargreaves G.A., Hunt G.E., Cornish J.L., and McGregor I.S. High ambient temperature increases 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "ecstasy")-induced Fos expression in a region-specific manner. Neuroscience 145 (2007) 764-774
37. Hechler V., Peter P., Gobaille S., Bourguignon J.J., Schmitt M., Ehrhardt J.D., Mark J., and Maitre M. γ-Hydroxybutyrate ligands possess antidopaminergic and neuroleptic-like activities. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 264 (1993) 1406-1414
38. Itzhak Y., and Ali S.F. Repeated administration of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) to mice: assessment of the sedative and rewarding effects of GHB. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 965 (2002) 451-460
39. Janssen P.A. Pharmacology of potent and selective S2-serotonergic antagonists. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 7 Suppl. 7 (1985) S2-11
40. Kaufman E.E., Porrino L.J., and Nelson T. Pyretic action of low doses of gamma-hydroxybutyrate in rats. Biochem. Pharmacol. 40 (1990) 2637-2640
41. Kaupmann K., Cryan J.F., Wellendorph P., Mombereau C., Sansig G., Klebs K., Schmutz M., Froestl W., van der Putten H., Mosbacher J., Brauner-Osborne H., Waldmeier P., and Bettler B. Specific gamma-hydroxybutyrate-binding sites but loss of pharmacological effects of gamma-hydroxybutyrate in GABA(B)(1)-deficient mice. Eur. J. Neurosci. 18 (2003) 2722-2730
42. Koek W., and France C.P. Cataleptic effects of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and baclofen in mice: mediation by GABA(B) receptors, but differential enhancement by N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists. Psychopharmacology (Berl.) 199 (2008) 191-198
43. Kohrs F.P., Mann C., and Greenberg R. The use of amphetamine in gamma-hydroxybutyrate overdose: a case report. J. Psychoactive Drugs 36 (2004) 401-402
44. Lettieri J.T., and Fung H.L. Dose-dependent pharmacokinetics and hypnotic effects of sodium gamma-hydroxybutyrate in the rat. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 208 (1979) 7-11
45. Lin M.T., Chern Y.F., Wang H.S., and Chandra A. Effects of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid on metabolic, respiratory and vasomotor activities and body temperature in rats. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 211 (1979) 167-170
46. Lingenhoehl K., Brom R., Heid J., Beck P., Froestl W., Kaupmann K., Bettler B., and Mosbacher J. Gamma-hydroxybutyrate is a weak agonist at recombinant GABA(B) receptors. Neuropharmacology 38 (1999) 1667-1673
47. Lomax P., and Daniel K.A. Cocaine and body temperature in the rat: effects of ambient temperature. Pharmacology 40 (1990) 103-109
48. Maitre M. The gamma-hydroxybutyrate signalling system in brain: organization and functional implications. Prog. Neurobiol. 51 (1997) 337-361
49. Marshall E.J. Multiple substance use. Psychiatry 5 (2006) 461-463
50. McGregor I.S., Gurtman C.G., Morley K.C., Clemens K.J., Blokland A., Li K.M., Cornish J.L., and Hunt G.E. Increased anxiety and "depressive" symptoms months after MDMA ("ecstasy") in rats: drug-induced hyperthermia does not predict long-term outcomes. Psychopharmacology (Berl.) 168 (2003) 465-474
51. Mechan A.O., Esteban B., O'Shea E., Elliott J.M., Colado M.I., and Green A.R. The pharmacology of the acute hyperthermic response that follows administration of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, 'ecstasy') to rats. Br. J. Pharmacol. 135 (2002) 170-180
52. Morley K.C., Li K.M., Hunt G.E., Mallet P.E., and McGregor I.S. Cannabinoids prevent the acute hyperthermia and partially protect against the 5-HT depleting effects of MDMA ("Ecstasy") in rats. Neuropharmacology 46 (2004) 954-965
53. Nava F., Carta G., Bortolato M., and Gessa G.L. Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid and baclofen decrease extracellular acetylcholine levels in the hippocampus via GABA(B) receptors. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 430 (2001) 261-263
54. Nisijima K., Yoshino T., Yui K., and Katoh S. Potent serotonin (5-HT)(2A) receptor antagonists completely prevent the development of hyperthermia in an animal model of the 5-HT syndrome. Brain Res. 890 (2001) 23-31
55. Pardi D., and Black J. Gamma-hydroxybutyrate/sodium oxybate: neurobiology, and impact on sleep and wakefulness. CNS Drugs 20 (2006) 993-1018
56. Perry H.E., Wright R.O., Shannon M.W., and Woolf A.D. Baclofen overdose: drug experimentation in a group of adolescents. Pediatrics 101 (1998) 1045-1048
57. Queva C., Bremner-Danielsen M., Edlund A., Ekstrand A.J., Elg S., Erickson S., Johansson T., Lehmann A., and Mattsson J.P. Effects of GABA agonists on body temperature regulation in GABA(B)1-/- mice. Br. J. Pharmacol. 140 (2003) 315-322
58. Raybon J.J., and Boje K.M. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid during tolerance in rats: effects on extracellular dopamine. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 320 (2007) 1252-1260
59. Rosow C.E., Miller J.M., Pelikan E.W., and Cochin J. Opiates and thermoregulation in mice. I. Agonists. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 213 (1980) 273-283
60. Sandoval V., Hanson G.R., and Fleckenstein A.E. Methamphetamine decreases mouse striatal dopamine transporter activity: roles of hyperthermia and dopamine. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 409 (2000) 265-271
61. Schlosberg A.J. Temperature responses in rats after acute and chronic administrations of caffeine. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 18 (1983) 935-942
62. Schmidt-Mutter C., Pain L., Sandner G., Gobaille S., and Maitre M. The anxiolytic effect of gamma-hydroxybutyrate in the elevated plus maze is reversed by the benzodiazepine receptor antagonist, flumazenil. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 342 (1998) 21-27
63. Shioda K., Nisijima K., Yoshino T., Kuboshima K., Iwamura T., Yui K., and Kato S. Risperidone attenuates and reverses hyperthermia induced by 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in rats. Neurotoxicology (2008) 10.1016/j.neuro.2008.07.005
64. Smith B.R., Boyle A.E., and Amit Z. The effects of the GABA(B) agonist baclofen on the temporal and structural characteristics of ethanol intake. Alcohol 17 (1999) 231-240
65. Smith M.A., Gergans S.R., and Lyle M.A. The motor-impairing effects of GABA(A) and GABA(B) agonists in gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB)-treated rats: cross-tolerance to baclofen but not flunitrazepam. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 552 (2006) 83-89
66. Snead III O.C. γ-Hydroxybutyrate model of generalized absence seizures: further characterization and comparison with other absence models. Epilepsia 29 (1988) 361-368
67. Snead III O.C. γ-Hydroxybutyric acid-induced seizures bear no relation to core temperature. Epilepsia 31 (1990) 253-258
68. Snead III O.C., and Bearden L.J. Naloxone overcomes the dopaminergic, EEG, and behavioral effects of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. Neurology 30 (1980) 832-838
69. Sumnall H.R., Woolfall K., Edwards S., Cole J.C., and Beynon C.M. Use, function, and subjective experiences of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB). Drug Alcohol Depend. 92 (2008) 286-290
70. Uys J.D., and Niesink R.J. Pharmacological aspects of the combined use of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) and gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB): a review of the literature. Drug Alcohol Rev. 24 (2005) 359-368
71. Van Cauter E., Latta F., Nedeltcheva A., Spiegel K., Leproult R., Vandenbril C., Weiss R., Mockel J., Legros J.J., and Copinschi G. Reciprocal interactions between the GH axis and sleep. Growth Horm. IGF Res. 14 Suppl. A (2004) S10-17
72. van Nieuwenhuijzen P.S., McGregor I.S., and Hunt G.E. The distribution of gamma-hydroxybutyrate-induced Fos expression in rat brain: comparison with baclofen. Neuroscience 158 (2009) 441-455
73. Van Sassenbroeck D.K., De Neve N., De Paepe P., Belpaire F.M., Verstraete A.G., Calle P.A., and Buylaert W.A. Abrupt awakening phenomenon associated with gamma-hydroxybutyrate use: a case series. Clin. Toxicol. (Phila.) 45 (2007) 533-538
74. Van Sassenbroeck D.K., De Paepe P., Belpaire F.M., Boon P.A., and Buylaert W.A. Tolerance to the hypnotic and electroencephalographic effect of gamma-hydroxybutyrate in the rat: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 55 (2003) 609-615
75. Vayer P., Gobaille S., Mandel P., and Maitre M. 3′-5′ Cyclic-guanosine monophosphate increase in rat brain hippocampus after gamma-hydroxybutyrate administration. Prevention by valproate and naloxone. Life Sci. 41 (1987) 605-610
76. Velasco M., and Luchsinger A. Dopamine: pharmacologic and therapeutic aspects. Am. J. Ther. 5 (1998) 37-43
77. Verty A.N., McGregor I.S., and Mallet P.E. The dopamine receptor antagonist SCH 23390 attenuates feeding induced by Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol. Brain Res. 1020 (2004) 188-195
78. Winslow B.T., Voorhees K.I., and Pehl K.A. Methamphetamine abuse. Am. Fam. Physician 76 (2007) 1169-1174
79. Wu Y., Ali S., Ahmadian G., Liu C.C., Wang Y.T., Gibson K.M., Calver A.R., Francis J., Pangalos M.N., and Carter Snead III O. Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and gamma-aminobutyric acid B receptor (GABA)(B)R binding sites are distinctive from one another: molecular evidence. Neuropharmacology 47 (2004) 1146-1156
80. Zarrindast M.R., and Oveissi Y. GABAA and GABAB receptor sites involvement in rat thermoregulation. Gen. Pharmacol. 19 (1988) 223-226