Antimicrobial resistance in Bacteroides spp.: Occurrence and dissemination

Future Microbiology

Volumn 4, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 413-423

  Vedantam, Gayatri ^a  

^a Department of Veterinary Science and Microbiology ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

Anaerobe; Antibiotic resistance; Bacteroides; Conjugation; Horizontal gene transfer; Mating apparatus; Opportunistic pathogen; Relaxosome

Indexed keywords

AMINOGLYCOSIDE ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; AMOXICILLIN PLUS CLAVULANIC ACID; AMPICILLIN; BETA LACTAM ANTIBIOTIC; BETA LACTAMASE INHIBITOR; CARBAPENEM DERIVATIVE; CEPHALOSPORIN DERIVATIVE; CHLORAMPHENICOL; CLINDAMYCIN; DALFOPRISTIN; DORIPENEM; ERYTHROMYCIN; IMIPENEM; LINCOSAMIDE; MACROLIDE; MEROPENEM; METRONIDAZOLE; MONOBACTAM DERIVATIVE; NAFCILLIN; NITROIMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVE; OXACILLIN; OXAZOLIDINONE DERIVATIVE; PENICILLIN DERIVATIVE; PIPERACILLIN PLUS TAZOBACTAM; QUINOLINE DERIVED ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; QUINUPRISTIN; STREPTOGRAMIN DERIVATIVE; TETRACYCLINE DERIVATIVE; TIGECYCLINE; UNINDEXED DRUG; ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT;

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY; BACTERIAL CELL WALL; BACTERIAL GENE; BACTERIAL INFECTION; BACTERIUM CONJUGATION; BACTEROIDES; DNA TRANSFER; MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION; MOLECULAR MECHANICS; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN FUNCTION; REVIEW; DRUG EFFECT; HORIZONTAL GENE TRANSFER; HUMAN; INTERSPERSED REPEAT; PHYSIOLOGY;

BACTEROIDES; BACTEROIDES SP.;

ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; BACTEROIDES; CONJUGATION, GENETIC; DRUG RESISTANCE, BACTERIAL; GENE TRANSFER, HORIZONTAL; HUMANS; INTERSPERSED REPETITIVE SEQUENCES;

EID: 66949146907     PISSN: 17460913     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2217/fmb.09.12     Document Type: Review

References (110)

1. Salyers AA: Bacteroides of the human lower intestinal tract. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 38, 293-313 (1984).
2. Fille M, Mango M, Lechner M et al.: Bacteroides fragilis group: trends in resistance. Curr. Microbiol. 52(2), 153-157 (2006).
3. Falagas ME, Siakavellas E: Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Porphyromonas species: a review of antibiotic resistance and therapeutic options. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 15(1), 1-9 (2000).
4. Ayala J, Quesada A, Vadillo S et al.: Penicillin-binding proteins of Bacteroides fragilis and their role in the resistance to imipenem of clinical isolates. J. Med. Microbiol. 54(Pt 11), 1055-1064 (2005).
5. Redondo MC, Arbo MD, Grindlinger J et al.: Attributable mortality of bacteremia associated with the Bacteroides fragilis group. Clin. Infect. Dis. 20(6), 1492-1496 (1995).
6. Goldstein EJ: Anaerobic bacteremia. Clin. Infect. Dis. 23(Suppl. 1), S97-S101 (1996).
7. Singer E, Calvet L, Mory F et al.: Monitoring of antibiotic resistance of Gram-negative anaerobes. Med. Mal. Infect. 38(5), 256-263 (2008).
8. Liu CY, Huang YT, Liao CH et al.: Increasing trends in antimicrobial resistance among clinically important anaerobes and Bacroides fragilis isolates causing nosocomial infections: emerging resistance to carhapenems. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 52(9), 3161-3168 (2008).
9. Nicoletti G, Nicolosi D, Rossolini GM et al.. Etiology, epidemiology and microbiological diagnosis of intra-abdominal infections. Infez. Med. 16(Suppl. 1), 8-18 (2008).
10. Rasmussen BA, Bush K, Tally FP: Antimicrobial resistance in anaerobes. Clin. Infect. Dis. 24(Suppl 1), S110-S120 (1997).
11. Snydman DR, Jacobus NV, McDermott LA et al.: National survey on the susceptibility of Bacteroides fragilis group: report and analysis of trends in the United States from 1997 to 2004. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 51(5), 1649-1655 (2007).
12. Betriu C, Culebras E, Gomez M et al.: Resistance trends of the Bacteroides fragilis group over a 10-year period, 1997 to 2006, in Madrid, Spain. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 52(7), 2686-2690 (2008).
13. Hedberg M, Nord CE: Antimicrobial susceptibility of Bacteroides fragilis group isolates in Europe. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 9(6), 475-488 (2003).
14. Koeth LM, Good CE, Appelbaum PC et al.: Surveillance of susceptibility patterns in 1297 European and US anaerobic and capnophilic isolates to co-amoxiclav and five other antimicrobial agents. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 53(6), 1039-1044 (2004).
15. Snydman DR, Jacobus NV, McDermott LA et al.: Multicenter study of in vitro susceptibility of the Bacteroides fragilis group, 1995 to 1996, with comparison of resistance trends from 1990 to 1996. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 43(10), 2417-2422 (1999).
16. Stein GE, Goldstein EJ: Fluoroquinolones and anaerobes. Clin. Infect. Dis. 42(11), 1598-1607 (2006).
17. Betriu C, Rodriguez-Avial I, Gomez M et al.: Changing patterns of fluoroquinolone resistance among Bacteroides fragilis group organisms over a 6-year period (1997-2002). Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 53(3), 221-223 (2005).
18. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute: Methods for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Anaerobic Bacteria; Approved Standard (7th Edition). David W Hecht (Ed.). Wayne, PA, USA (2007).
19. Olsson-Liljequist B, Nord CE: Methods for susceptibility testing of anaerobic bacteria. Clin. Infect. Dis. 18(Suppl. 4), S293-S296 (1994).
20. Wexler HM: Susceptibility testing of anaerobic bacteria - the state of the art. Clin. Infect. Dis. 16(Suppl. 4), S328-S333 (1993).
21. Hecht DW: Evolution of anaerobe susceptibility testing in the United States. Clin. Infect. Dis. 35(Suppl. 1), S28-S35 (2002).
22. Roberts MC: Acquired tetracycline and/or macrolide-lincosamides-streptogramin resistance in anaerobes. Anaerobe 9(2), 63-69 (2003).
23. Speer BS, Shoemaker NB, Salyers AA: Bacterial resistance to tetracycline: mechanisms, transfer, and clinical significance. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 5(4), 387-399 (1992).
24. Salyers AA, Shoemaker NB: Resistance gene transfer in anaerobes: new insights, new problems. Clin. Infect. Dis. 23(Suppl. 1), S36-S43 (1996).
25. Salyers AA, Shoemaker NB, Stevens AM et al.: Conjugative transposons: an unusual and diverse set of integrated gene transfer elements. Microbiol. Rev. 59(4), 579-590 (1995).
26. Shoemaker NB, Vlamakis H, Hayes K et al.: Evidence for extensive resistance gene transfer among Bacteroides spp. and among Bacteroides and other genera in the human colon. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67(2), 561-568 (2001).
27. Pumbwe L, Ueda O, Yoshimura F et al.: Bacteroides fragilis BmeABC efflux systems additively confer intrinsic antimicrobial resistance. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 58(1), 37-46 (2006).
28. Wexler HM: Bacteroides: the good, the bad, and the nitty-gritty. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 20(4), 593-621 (2007).
29. Yang W, Moore IF, Koteva KP et al.: TetX is a flavin-dependent monooxygenase conferring resistance to tetracycline antibiotics. J. Biol. Chem. 279(50), 52346-52352 (2004).
30. Speer BS, Salyers AA: Characterization of a novel tetracycline resistance that functions only in aerobically grown Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 170(4), 1423-1429 (1988).
31. Doan TL, Fung HB, Mehta D et al.: Tigecycline: a glycylcycline antimicrobial agent. Clin. Ther. 28(8), 1079-1106 (2006).
32. Shakil S, Akram M, Khan AU: Tigecycline: a critical update. J. Chemother. 20(4), 411-419 (2008).
33. Schafer JJ, Goff DA: Establishing the role of tigecycline in an era of antimicrobial resistance. Expert. Rev. Anti. Infect. Ther. 6(5), 557-567 (2008).
34. Hylands J: Tigecycline: a new antibiotic. Intensive Crit. Care Nurs. 24(4), 260-263 (2008).
35. Livermore DM, Woodford N: Carbapenemases: a problem in waiting? Curr. Opin Microbiol. 3(5), 489-495 (2000).
36. Hedberg M, Nord CE: β-lactam resistance in anaerobic bacteria: a review. J. Chemother. 8(1), 3-16 (1996).
37. Fang H, Edlund C, Hedberg M et al.: New findings in β-lactam and metronidazole resistant Bacteroides fragilis group. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 19(5), 361-370 (2002).
38. Bonfiglio G, Russo G Nicoletti G: Recent developments in carbapenems. Expert Opin Investig. Drugs 11(4), 529-544 (2002).
39. Paula GR, Falcao LS, Antunes EN et al.: Determinants of resistance in Bacteroides fragilis strains according to recent Brazilian profiles of antimicrobial susceptibility. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 24(1), 53-58 (2004).
40. Nakano V, Padilla G, do Valle Marques M et al.: Plasmid-related β-lactamase production in Bacteroides fragilis strains. Res. Microbiol. 155(10), 843-846 (2004).
41. Garcia N, Gutierrez G, Lorenzo M et al.: Genetic determinants for cfxA expression in Bacteroides strains isolated from human infections. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 62(5), 942-947 (2008).
42. Edwards R: Resistance to β-lactam antibiotics in Bacteroides spp. J. Med. Microbiol. 46(12), 979-986 (1997).
43. Kato N, Yamazoe K, Han CG et al.: New insertion sequence elements in the upstream region of cfiA in imipenem-resistant Bacteroides fragilis strains. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 47(3), 979-985 (2003).
44. Kattan JN, Villegas MV, Quinn JP: New developments in carbapenems. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 14(12), 1102-1111 (2008).
45. Shah PM, Isaacs RD: Ertapenem, the first of a new group of carbapenems. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 52(4), 538-542 (2003).
46. Woodford N, Zhang J, Warner M et al.: Arrival of Klebsiella pneumoniae producing KPC carbapenemase in the United Kingdom. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 62(6), 1261-1264 (2008).
47. Piriz S, Vadillo S, Quesada A et al.: Relationship between penicillin-binding protein patterns and b-lactamases in clinical isolates of Bacteroides fragilis with different susceptibility to β-lactam antibiotics. J. Med. Microbiol. 53(Pt 3), 213-221 (2004).
48. Georgopapadakou NH, Smith SA, Sykes RB: Penicillin-binding proteins in Bacteroides fragilis. J. Antibiot. (Tokyo) 36(7), 907-910 (1983).
49. Kasten MJ: Clindamycin, metronidazole, and chloramphenicol. Mayo Clin. Proc. 74(8), 825-833 (1999).
50. Finch RG: Antibacterial activity of quinupristin/dalfopristin. Rationale for clinical use. Drugs 51(Suppl. 1), 31-37 (1996).
51. Bouanchaud DH: In-vitro and in-vivo antibacterial activity of quinupristin/dalfopristin. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 39(Suppl. A), 15-21 (1997).
52. Golan Y, McDermott LA, Jacobus NV et al.: Emergence of fluoroquinolone resistance among Bacteroides species. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 52(2), 208-213 (2003).
53. Oteo-Iglesias J, Alos JI, Gomez-Garces JL: Increase in resistance to new fluoroquinolones from 1998 to 2001 in the Bacteroides fragilis group. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 50(6), 1055-1057 (2002).
54. Robicsek A, Jacoby GA, Hooper DC: The worldwide emergence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance. Lancet Infect. Dis. 6(10), 629-640 (2006).
55. Shin JH, Jung HJ, Lee JY et al.: High rates of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance QnrB variants among ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae from urinary tract infections in Korea. Microb. Drug Resist. 14(3), 221-226 (2008).
56. Cavaco LM, Hasman H, Xia S et al.: qnrD, a novel gene conferring transferable quinolone resistance in Salmonella enterica serovars Kentucky and Bovismorbificans of human origin. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 53(2), 603-608 (2009).
57. Teo JW, Ng KY, Lin RT: Detection and genetic characterisation of qnrB in hospital isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae in Singapore. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 33(2), 177-180 (2009).
58. Hata M, Suzuki M, Matsumoto M et al.: Cloning of a novel gene for quinolone resistance from a transferable plasmid in Shigella flexneri 2b. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 49(2), 801-803 (2005).
59. Edwards DI: Nitroimidazole drugs - action and resistance mechanisms. I. Mechanisms of action. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 31(1), 9-20 (1993).
60. Vieira JM, Boente RF, Rodrigues Miranda K et al.: Decreased susceptibility to nitroimidazoles among Bacteroides species in Brazil. Curr. Microbiol. 52(1), 27-32 (2006).
61. Reysset G, Haggoud A, Su WJ et al.: Genetic and molecular analysis of pIP417 and pIP419: Bacteroides plasmids encoding 5-nitroimidazole resistance. Plasmid 27(3), 181-190 (1992).
62. Schaumann R, Petzold S, Fille M et al.: Inducible metronidazole resistance in nim-positive and nim-negative Bacteroides fragilis group strains after several passages metronidazole containing columbia agar plates. Infection 33(5-6), 368-372 (2005).
63. Soki J, Gal M, Brazier JS et al.: Molecular investigation of genetic elements contributing to metronidazole resistance in Bacteroides strains. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 57(2), 212-220 (2006).
64. Gal M, Brazier JS: Metronidazole resistance in Bacteroides spp. carrying nim genes and the selection of slow-growing metronidazole-resistant mutants. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 54(1), 109-116 (2004).
65. Pumbwe L, Chang A, Smith RL et al.: BmeRABC5 is a multidrug efflux system that can confer metronidazole resistance in Bacteroides fragilis. Misrob. Drug Resist. 13(2), 96-101 (2007).
66. Pumbwe L, Glass D, Wexler HM: Efflux pump overexpression in multiple-antibiotic-resistant mutants of Bacteroides fragilis. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 50(9), 3150-3153 (2006).
67. Livermore DM: Linezolid in vitro: mechanism and antibacterial spectrum. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 51(Suppl. 2), ii9-ii16 (2003).
68. Norrby R: Linezolid - a review of the first oxazolidinone. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2(2), 293-302 (2001).
69. Wareham DW, Wilks M, Ahmed D et al.: Anaerobic sepsis due to multidrug-resistant Bacteroides fragilis: microbiological cure and clinical response with linezolid therapy. Clin. Infect. Dis. 40(7), e67-e68 (2005).
70. Skripkin E, McConnell TS, DeVito J et al.: R chi-01, a new family of oxazolidinones that overcome ribosome-based linezolid resistance. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 52(10), 3550-3557 (2008).
71. Licht TR Wilcks A: Conjugative gene transfer in the gastrointestinal environment. Adv. Appl. Microbiol. 58, 77-95 (2006).
72. Burns DL: Type IV transporters of pathogenic bacteria. Curr. Opin Microbiol. 6(1), 29-34 (2003).
73. Llosa M, Gomis-Ruth FX, Coll M et al.: Bacterial conjugation: a two-step mechanism for DNA transport. Mol. Microbiol. 45(1), 1-8 (2002).
74. Pansegrau W, Lanka E: Enzymology of DNA transfer by conjugative mechanisms. Prog. Nucleic Acid Res. Mol. Biol. 54, 197-251 (1996).
75. Schroder G Lanka E: The mating pair formation system of conjugative plasmids - a versatile secretion machinery for transfer of proteins and DNA. Plasmid 54(1), 1-25 (2005).
76. Lessl M, Balzer D, Weyrauch K et al.: The mating pair formation system of plasmid RP4 defined by RSF1010 mobilization and donor-specific phage propagation. J. Bacteriol. 175(20), 6415-6425 (1993).
77. Balzer D, Pansegrau W, Lanka E: Essential motifs of relaxase (TraI) and TraG proteins involved in conjugative transfer of plasmid RP4. J. Bacteriol. 176(14), 4285-4295 (1994).
78. Pansegrau W, Schroder W, Lanka E: Relaxase (TraI) of IncP α plasmid RP4 catalyzes a site-specific cleaving-joining reaction of single-stranded DNA. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 90(7), 2925-2929 (1993).
79. Pansegrau W, Balzer D, Kruft V et al.: In vitro assembly of relaxosomes at the transfer origin of plasmid RP4. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 87(17), 6555-6559 (1990).
80. Lessl M, Balzer D, Pansegrau W et al.: Sequence similarities between the RP4 Tra2 and the Ti VirB region strongly support the conjugation model for T-DNA transfer. J. Biol Chem. 267(28), 20471-20480 (1992).
81. Scherzinger E, Lurz R, Otto S et al.: In vitro cleavage of double- and single-stranded DNA by plasmid RSF1010-encoded mobilization proteins. Nucleic Acids Res. 20(1), 41-48 (1992).
82. Derbyshire KM, Willetts NS: Mobilization of the nonconjugative plasmid RSF1010: a genetic analysis of its origin of transfer. Mol. Gen. Genet. 206(1), 154-160 (1987).
83. Willetts N, Crowther C: Mobilization of the nonconjugative IncQ plasmid RSF1010. Genet. Res. 37(3), 311-316 (1981).
84. Fronzes R, Schafer E, Wang L et al.: Structure of a type IV secretion system core complex. Science 323(5911), 266-268 (2009).
85. Salyers AA, Shoemaker NB: Conjugative transposons: the force behind the spread of antibiotic resistance genes among Bacteroides clinical isolates. Anaerobe 1(3), 143-150 (1995).
86. Moon K, Shoemaker NB, Gardner JF et al.: Regulation of excision genes of the Bacteroides conjugative transposon CTnDOT. J. Bacteriol. 187(16), 5732-5741 (2005).
87. Salyers AA, Gupta A, Wang Y: Human intestinal bacteria as reservoirs for antibiotic resistance genes. Trends Microbiol. 12(9), 412-416 (2004).
88. Vedantam G, Hecht DW: Isolation and characterization of BTF-37: chromosomal DNA captured from Bacteroides fragilis that confers self-transferability and expresses a pilus-like structure in Bacteroides spp. and Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 184(3), 728-738 (2002).
89. Gomis-Ruth FX, Sola M, de la Cruz F et al.: Coupling factors in macromolecular type-IV secretion machineries. Curr. Pharm. Des. 10(13), 1551-1565 (2004).
90. Christie PJ: Type IV secretion: the Agrobacterium VirB/D4 and related conjugation systems. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1694(1-3), 219-234 (2004).
91. Christie PJ: Type IV secretion: intercellular transfer of macromolecules by systems ancestrally related to conjugation machines. Mol. Microbiol. 40(2), 294-305 (2001).
92. Christie PJ, Vogel JP: Bacterial type IV secretion: conjugation systems adapted to deliver effector molecules to host cells. Trends Microbiol. 8(8), 354-360 (2000).
93. Bacic M, Parker AC, Stagg J et al.: Genetic and structural analysis of the Bacteroides conjugative transposon CTn34. J. Bacteriol. 187(8), 2858-2869 (2005).
94. Hecht DW, Kos IM, Knopf SE et al.: Characterization of BctA, a mating apparatus protein required for transfer of the Bacteroides fragilis conjugal element BTF-37. Res. Microbiol. 158(7), 600-607 (2007).
95. Martinez JL, Fajardo A, Garmendia L et al.: A global view of antibiotic resistance. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 33(1), 44-65 (2009).
96. Edgar T, Boyd SD Palame MJ: Sustainability for behaviour change in the fight against antibiotic resistance: a social marketing framework. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 63(2), 230-237 (2009).
97. Peterson LR: Currently available antimicrobial agents and their potential for use as monotherapy. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 14(Suppl. 6), 30-45 (2008).
98. Lewis MA: Why we must reduce dental prescription of antibiotics: European Union Antibiotic Awareness Day. Br. Dent. J. 205(10), 537-538 (2008).
99. French GL: What's new and not so new on the antimicrobial horizon? Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 14(Suppl. 6), 19-29 (2008).
100. Collatz E: Selecting empiric antibiotic therapy in an era of multidrug resistance - is the cupboard really bare? Introduction. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 14(Suppl. 6), 1 (2008).
101. Berild D Haug JB: Rational use of antibiotics in hospitals. Tidsskr. Nor. Laegeforen. 128(20), 2335-2339 (2008).
102. Allerberger F, Lechner A, Wechsler-Fordos A et al.: Optimization of antibiotic use in hospitals - antimicrobial stewardship and the EU project ABS international. Chemotherapy 54(4), 260-267 (2008).
103. Filutowicz M, Burgess R, Gamelli RL et al.: Bacterial conjugation-based antimicrobial agents. Plasmid 60(1), 38-44 (2008).
104. Garcillan-Barcia MP, Jurado P, Gonzalez-Perez B et al.: Conjugative transfer can be inhibited by blocking relaxase activity within recipient cells with intrabodies. Mol. Microbiol. 63(2), 404-416 (2007).
105. Lujan SA, Guogas LM, Ragonese H et al.: Disrupting antibiotic resistance propagation by inhibiting the conjugative DNA relaxase. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 104(30), 12282-12287 (2007).
106. Marraffini LA, Sontheimer EJ: CRISPR interference limits horizontal gene transfer in staphylococci by targeting DNA. Science 322(5909), 1843-1845 (2008).
107. Glupczynski Y, Berhin C, Nizet H: Antimicrobial susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria in Belgium as determined by E-test methodology. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 28(3), 261-267 (2008).
108. Grisold AJ, Wendelin I, Presterl E et al.: activity of ten antibiotics, including tigecycline, against Bacteroides species in Austria. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 26(7), 525-527 (2007).
109. Papaparaskevas J, Pantazatou A, Katsandri A et al.: Multicentre survey of the in-vitro activity of seven antimicrobial agents, including ertapenem, against recently isolated Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria in Greece. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 11(10), 820-824 (2005).
110. Roberts SA, Shore KP, Paviour SD et al.: Antimicrobial susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria in New Zealand: 1999-2003. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 57(5), 992-998 (2006).