Climate change over the equatorial indo-pacific in global warming

Journal of Climate

Volumn 22, Issue 10, 2009, Pages 2678-2693

  Ihara, Chie ^a   Kushnir, Yochanan ^a   Cane, Mark A ^a   De La Pena, Victor H ^b  

^a Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences   (United States)

^b Och Spine at New York Presbyterian Hospitals   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE MODEL; CLIMATE PROJECTION; EASTERN EQUATORIAL INDIAN OCEAN; EMISSION SCENARIO; EQUATORIAL INDIAN OCEAN; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGES; MODEL OUTPUTS; SEA LEVEL PRESSURE; THERMOCLINE DEPTH;

ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; CLIMATOLOGY; GLOBAL WARMING; SEA LEVEL; SUBMARINE GEOPHYSICS; WIND STRESS;

OCEAN ENGINEERING;

CLIMATE CHANGE; CLIMATE MODELING; GLOBAL WARMING; INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE; SEA LEVEL PRESSURE; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE; THERMOCLINE; WIND STRESS; ZONAL WIND;

INDIAN OCEAN; INDIAN OCEAN (EQUATORIAL); PACIFIC OCEAN;

EID: 66849122048     PISSN: 08948755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/2008JCLI2581.1     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Alory, G., S. Wijffels, and G. Meyers, 2007: Observed temperature trends in the Indian Ocean over 1960-1999 and associated mechanisms. Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L02606, doi:10.1029/2006GL028044.
2. Ashok, K., W.-L. Chan, T. Motoi, and T. Yamagata, 2004: Decadal variability of the Indian Ocean dipole. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L24207, doi:10.1029/2004GL021345.
3. Cai, W., A. Sullivan, and T. Cowan, 2008: Shoaling of the off-equatorial south Indian Ocean thermocline: Is it driven by anthropogenic forcing? Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L12711, doi:10.1029/2008GL034174.
4. Cane, M. A., A. C. Clement, A. Kaplan, Y. Kushnir, D. Pozdnyakov, R. Seager, S. E. Zebiak, and R. Murtugudde, 1997: Twentieth-century sea surface temperature trends. Science, 275, 957-960.
5. Collins, M., and the CMIP Modelling Groups, 2005: El Niño- or La Niña-like climate change? Climate Dyn., 24, 89-104.
6. Déqué, M., and J. P. Piedelievre, 1995: High resolution climate simulation over Europe. Climate Dyn., 11, 321-339.
7. Dolworth, T. L., and Coauthors, 2006: GFDL's CM2 global coupled climate models. Part I: Formulation and simulation characteristics. J. Climate, 19, 643-674.
8. Du, Y., and S.-P. Xie, 2008: Role of atmospheric adjustments in the tropical Indian Ocean warming during the 20th century in climate models. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L08712, doi:10.1029/2008GL033631.
9. Gordon, C., C. Cooper, C. A. Senior, H. T. Banks, J. M. Gregory, T. C. Johns, J. F. B. Mitchell, and R. A. Wood, 2000: The simulation of SST, sea ice extents and ocean heat transport in a version of the Hadley Centre coupled model without flux adjustments. Climate Dyn., 16, 147-168.
10. Gordon, H. B., and Coauthors, cited 2002: The CSIRO Mk3 Climate System Model. CSIRO Atmospheric Research Tech. Paper 60, 130 pp. [Available online at http://www.dar.csiro.au/publications/gordon_2002a.pdf.]
11. Hosking, J. R. M., 1990: L-moments: Analysis and estimation of distributions using linear combinations of order statistics. J. Roy. Stat. Soc., B52, 105-124.
12. Ihara, C., Y. Kushnir, and M. A. Cane, 2008: Warming trend of the Indian Ocean SST and Indian Ocean dipole from 1880 to 2004. J. Climate, 21, 2035-2046.
13. Jungclaus, J. H., and Coauthors, 2006: Ocean circulation and tropical variability in the coupled model ECHAM5/MPI-OM. J. Climate, 19, 3952-3972.
14. Kaplan, A., M. A. Cane, Y. Kushnir, A. C. Clement, M. B. Blumenthal, and B. Rajagopalan, 1998: Analyses of global sea surface temperature 1856-1991. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 18 567-18 589.
15. 2 in a coupled ocean-atmosphere model. J. Climate, 8, 2181-2199.
16. Liu, Z., S. Vavrus, F. He, N. Wen, and Y. Zhong, 2005: Rethinking tropical ocean response to global warming: The enhanced equatorial warming. J. Climate, 18, 4684-4700.
17. Marti, O., and Coauthors, 2005: The new IPSL climate system model: IPSL-CM4. Institut Pierre Simon Laplace des Sciences de l'Environment Global Tech. Rep., 86 pp.
18. Nakićenović, N., and R. Swart, Eds., 2000: Special Report on Emissions Scenarios. Cambridge University Press, 570 pp.
19. Rayner, N. A., D. E. Parker, E. B. Horton, C. K. Folland, L. V. Alexander, D. P. Rowell, E. C. Kent, and A. Kaplan, 2003: Global analyses of SST, sea ice, and night marine air temperature since the late nineteenth century. J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4407, doi:10.1029/2002JD002670.
20. Saji, N. H., B. N. Goswami, P. N. Vinayachandran, and T. Yamagata, 1999: A dipole mode in the tropical Indian Ocean. Nature, 401, 360-363.
21. Saji, N. H., S.-P. Xie, and T. Yamagata, 2006: Tropical Indian Ocean variability in the IPCC twentieth-century climate simulations. J. Climate, 19, 4397-4417.
22. Smith, T. M., and R. W. Reynolds, 2004: Improved extended reconstruction of SST (1854-1997). J. Climate, 17, 2466-2477.
23. Song, Q., G. A. Vecchi, and A. J. Rosati, 2007: Indian Ocean variability in the GFDL coupled climate model. J. Climate, 20, 2895-2916.
24. Tozuka, T., J. J. Luo, S. Masson, and T. Yamagata, 2007: Decadal modulations of the Indian Ocean Dipole in the SINTEX-F1 coupled GCM. J. Climate, 20, 2881-2894.
25. Uppala, S. M., and Coauthors, 2005: The ERA-40 Re-Analysis. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 131, 2961-3012.
26. Vecchi, G. A., and B. J. Soden, 2007: Global warming and the weakening of the tropical circulation. J. Climate, 20, 4316-4340.
27. Vecchi, G. A., B. J. Soden, A. T. Wittenberg, I. M. Held, A. Leetmaa, and M. J. Harrison, 2006: Weakening of tropical Pacific atmospheric circulation due to anthropogenic forcing. Nature, 441, 73-76, doi:10.1038/nature04744.
28. Wilks, D. S., 2006: Statistical Methods in the Atmospheric Sciences. 2nd ed. Academic Press, 627 pp.
29. Wittenberg, A. T., A. Rosati, N.-C. Lau, and J. J. Ploshay, 2006: GFDL's CM2 global coupled climate models. Part III: Tropical Pacific climate and ENSO. J. Climate, 19, 698-722.
30. Yamagata, T., S. K. Behera, S. A. Rao, Z. Guan, K. Ashok, and H. N. Saji, 2002: The Indian Ocean dipole: A physical entity. CLIVAR Exchanges, No. 24, International CLIVAR Project Office, Silver Spring, MD, 15-18.
31. Yukimoto, S., and A. Noda, 2002: Improvements in the Meteorological Research Institute Global Ocean-Atmosphere Coupled GCM (MRI-CGCM2) and its climate sensitivity. Japan National Institute for Environmental Studies Tech. Rep. 10, 8 pp.