Interventions for uncomplicated varicose veins

Phlebology

Volumn 24, Issue SUPPL. 1, 2009, Pages 3-12

  Bachoo, P ^a  

^a ABERDEEN ROYAL INFIRMARY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Uncomplicated venous disease

Indexed keywords

LIDOCAINE; MACROGOL; POLIDOCANOL; SCLEROSING AGENT; SODIUM CHLORIDE;

ADVENTITIA; ANAMNESIS; ARTICLE; CLINICAL FEATURE; CLINICAL TRIAL; COMPRESSION GARMENT; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS; CRYOABLATION; DATA BASE; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; DOPPLER ECHOGRAPHY; DRUG DOSAGE FORM COMPARISON; DRUG DOSE COMPARISON; ECONOMIC ASPECT; HUMAN; INTIMA; LASER SURGERY; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PHLEBECTOMY; PHYSICAL EXAMINATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUALITY ADJUSTED LIFE YEAR; QUALITY OF LIFE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SAPHENOUS VEIN; SCLEROTHERAPY; SKIN DEFECT; SKIN ULCER; TUNICA MEDIA; VARICOSIS; VEIN DILATATION; VEIN STRIPPING; VEIN SURGERY; CATHETER ABLATION; ECONOMICS; HEALTH CARE COST; LOW LEVEL LASER THERAPY; MINIMALLY INVASIVE SURGERY; PATIENT SELECTION; REVIEW; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VASCULAR SURGERY;

CATHETER ABLATION; COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS; HEALTH CARE COSTS; HUMANS; LASER THERAPY; PATIENT SELECTION; QUALITY OF LIFE; SCLEROTHERAPY; STOCKINGS, COMPRESSION; SURGICAL PROCEDURES, MINIMALLY INVASIVE; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VARICOSE VEINS; VASCULAR SURGICAL PROCEDURES;

EID: 66149155449     PISSN: 02683555     EISSN: 14333031     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1258/phleb.2009.09s002     Document Type: Article

References (100)

1. Callam M. Epidemiology of varicose veins. Br J Surg 1994;81:167-173 (Pubitemid 24122340)
2. Galland RB, Whattling PJ, Cook TJ, Magee TR. Regional variation in varicose veins operations. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2000;82:275-293
3. Brand FN, Dannenberg AL, Abbott Rd, Kannel WB. The epidemiology of varicose veins: the Framingham Study. Am J Prev Med 1988;4:96-101 (Pubitemid 18166355)
4. Beaglehole R, Prior IAM, Salmond CE, Davidson F. Varicose veins in the South Pacific. Int J Epidemiol 1975;4:295-299
5. Mekky S, Schilling RSF, Walford J. Varicose veins in women cotton workers: an epidemiological study in England and Egypt. Br Med J 1969;2:591-595
6. Beebe-Dimmer JL, Pfeifer JR, Engle JS, Schottenfeld D. The epidemiology of chronic venous disease and varicose veins. Ann Epidemol 2005;15:175-184 (Pubitemid 40269465)
7. Harris MR, Davies RJ, Brown S, Jones SM, Eyers PS, Chester JF. Surgical treatment of varicose veins: effect of rationing. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2006;88:37-39 (Pubitemid 43046150)
8. Oudhoff JP, Timmermans DR, Rietberg M, Knol DL, van der Wal G. The acceptability of waiting times for elective general surgery and the appropriateness of prioritizing patients. BMC Health Serv Res 2007;7:32 (Pubitemid 46547940)
9. Porter JM, Moneta GL. Reporting standards in venous disease: an update. J Vasc Surg 1995;21:635-645
10. Yancopoulos GD, Klagsburn M, Folkman J. Vaculogenesis angiogenesis and growth factors: Ephrins enter the fray at the border. Cell 1998;93:661-664 (Pubitemid 28257571)
11. Sansilvestri-Morel P, Rupin A, Badier-Commande C, Fabani JN, Verbeuren TJ. Chronic venous insufficiency: dysregulation of collagen synthesis. Angiology 2003;54 Suppl. 1:S13-8 (Pubitemid 36935347)
12. Cooper DG, Hillmoon-Cooper CS, Barker SGE, Hollingsworth SJ. Primary varicose veins: the saphenofemoral junction, distribution of varicosities and patterns of incompetence. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2003;25:53-59 (Pubitemid 36527601)
13. Beebe-Dimmer JL, Pfeifer JR, Engle JS, Schottenfeld D. The epidemiology of chronic venous insufficiency and varicose veins. Ann Epidemol 2005;15:175-184 (Pubitemid 40269465)
14. Bachoo P, Wolf B, Engeset J. Venous valve surgery. In: Update in Vascular Surgery. London. European Association of Surgical Sciences. Foxwell & Davies Ltd, 2001:155-162
15. Bradbury AW, Evans CJ, Allan PL, Lee AJ, Ruckley CV, Fowkes FGR. What are the symptoms of varicose veins? Edinburgh vein study cross sectional population survey. Br Med J 1999;318:353-356 (Pubitemid 29192081)
16. Lees TA, Beard JD, Ridler BMF, Szmanska T. A survey of the current management of varicose veins by members of the Vascular Surgical Society. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 1999;81:407-417
17. Makris SA, Karkos CD, Awad S, London NJ. An all comers venous duplex scan policy for patients with lower limb varicose veins attending a one stop vascular clinic: is it justified? Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2006;32:718-724
18. Seidel AC, Miranda F, Juliano Y, Novo NF, dos Santos JH, de Souza DF. Prevalence of varicose veins and venous anatomy in patients without truncal saphenous reflux. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2004;28:387-390 (Pubitemid 39207088)
19. Van Rij, Andre M, Jones GT, Hill GB, Jiang P. Neovascularisation and recurrent varicose veins: more histologic and ultrasound evidence. J Vasc Surg 2004;40:296-302
20. Darke SG, Vetrivel S, Foy DM, Smith S, Barker S. A comparison of duplex scanning and continous wave Doppler in the assessment of primary and uncomplicated varicose veins. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 1997; 14:457-461 (Pubitemid 28051201)
21. Uhl J-F, Gillot C. Embryology and three-dimensional anatomy of the superficial venous system of the lower limbs. Phlebology 2007;22:194-206
22. Myers KA, Ziegenbein RW, Zeng GH, Mathews PG. Duplex ultrasonography scanning for chronic venous disease: patterns of venous reflux. J Vasc Surg 1995;21:605-612
23. Pichot O, Sessa C, Bosson JL. Duplex imaging analysis of the long saphenous vein reflux: basis for strategy of endovenous obliteration treatment. Int Angiol 2002;21:333-336 (Pubitemid 36322370)
24. Horrocks E, Roake J, Lewis D. Best practice for assessment of patients with varicose veins. N Z Med J 2008;121:42-49
25. O'Hare JL, Vandenbroeck WB, Campbell G, Heather B, Earnshaw JJ. A prospective evaluation of the outcome after small saphenous varicose vein surgery with one year follow up. J Vasc Surg 2008;48:669-673
26. Oinonen A, Lehtola A, Sugano N, Alback A, Lepantalo M. Communicating Doppler derived information in superficial venous surgery. Phlebology 2007;22:137-141
27. Blomgren L, Johansson G, Bergqvist D. Quality of life after surgery for varicose veins and the impact of preoperative duplex: results based on a randomized trial. Ann Vasc Surg 2006;20:30-34 (Pubitemid 43029855)
28. Winterborn RJ, Foy C, Heather BP, Earnshaw JJ. Randomised trial of flush saphenofemoral ligation for primary great saphenous varicose veins Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2008;36:477-484
29. Kent PJ, Weston MJ. Duplex scanning may be used selectively in patients with primary varicose veins. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 1998;80:388-393 (Pubitemid 28488481)
30. Hirsch SA, Dillavou E. Options in the management of varicose veins. J Cardiovasc Surg 2008;49:19-26
31. Cavezzi A, Labropoulos N, Partsch H, et al. Duplex ultrasound investigation of the veins in chronic venous disease of the lower limbs - UIP consensus document. Part 2. Anatomy. VASA 2007;36:62-71 (Pubitemid 46347966)
32. Sarin S, Sommerville K, Farrah J, Scurr JH, Coleridge Smith PD. Duplex ultrasonography for assessment of venous valvular function of the lower limb. Br J Surg 1995;82:855-856
33. Pittaluga P, Chastanet S, Rea B, Barbe R. Classification of saphenous refluxes: implications for treatment. Phlebology 2008;23:2-9
34. WHO. Basic Documents. Geneva: WHO, 1976
35. WHO. Uses of epidemiology in ageing, 1984. Reports of a scientific Group, 1983. Technical Report Series. Geneva: WHO, 706
36. Van Korlarr I, Vossen C, Rosendaal F, Cameron L, Bovill E, Kaptein A. Quality of life in venous disease. Thromb Haemost 2003;90:27-35 (Pubitemid 36873855)
37. Garratt AM, Macdonald LM, Ruta DA, Russell IT, Buckingham JK, Krukowski ZH. Towards measurement of outcome for patients with varicose veins. Qual Health Care 1993;2:5-10
38. Callum MJ, Harper DR, Dale JJ, Ruckley CV. Chronic ulceration of the leg: extent of the problem and provision of care. Br Med J 1985;290:1855-1856 (Pubitemid 15062841)
39. Nicolaides AN. Edema in chronic venous insufficiency and the effect of modern pharmacotherapy. Angiology 2000;51:1-2 (Pubitemid 30059043)
40. Smith JJ, Garratt AM, Guest M, Greenhalgh RM, Davies AH. Evaluating and improving health-related quality of life in patients with varicose veins. Vasc Surg 1999;30:710-719 (Pubitemid 29487564)
41. Vanhoutte PM, Corcaud S, de Montrion C. Venous disease: from pathophysiology to quality of life. Angiology 1997;48:559-567 (Pubitemid 27342626)
42. Guex JJ, Myon E, Didier L, Nguyen Le C, Taieb C. Chronic venous disease: health status of a population and care impact on this health status through quality of life questionnaires. Int Angiol 2005;24:258-264 (Pubitemid 41582335)
43. Abenhaim L, Kurz X, for the VEINES Group. The VEINES study (VEnous, INsufficiency Epidemiologic and Economic Study): an international cohort study on chronic venous disorders of the leg. Angiology 1997;48:59-66
44. Sam RC, Darvall KAL, Adam DJ, Silverman SH, Bradbury Andrew W. A comparison of the changes in generic quality of life after superficial venous surgery with those after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. J Vasc Surg 2006;44:606-610 (Pubitemid 44293185)
45. MacKenzie RK, Paisley A, Allan PL, Lee AJ, Ruckley CV, Bradbury AW. The effect of long saphenous vein stripping on quality of life. Vasc Surg 2002;35:1197-1203
46. Biswas S, Clark A, Shields DA. Randomised clinical trial of the duration of compressive therapy after varicose vein surgery. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2007;33:641-647 (Pubitemid 46547475)
47. Somerville JJF, Brow GO, Bryne PJ, Quill RD, Fegan WG. The effect of elastic stockings on superficial venous pressure in patients with venous insufficiency. Br J Surg 1974;61:979-981
48. Van Geest AJ, Veraart JCJM, Nelemans P, Neuman HAM. The effect of medical compression stockings with different slope values on edema measurements underneath three different types of stockings. Dermatol Surg 2000;26:244-247 (Pubitemid 30146591)
49. Michaels JA, Campbell WB, Brazier JE, et al. Randomised clinical trial, observational study and assessment of cost effectiveness of the treatment of varicose veins (REACTIV trial). Health Technol Assess 2006;10:1-196
50. Sigg K. The treatment of varicosities and accompanying complications. Angiology 1952;3:255-279
51. Henry MEF, Fegan WG, Pegum JM. Five year survey of the treatment of varicose ulcers. Br Med J 1971;2:493-494
52. Hamel-Desnos C, Ouvry P, Benigni J-P, et al. Comparison of 1% and 3% polidocanol foam in ultrasound guided sclerotherapy of the great saphenous vein: a randomised, double-blind trial with two year-follow-up. 'The 3/1 Study'. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2007;34:723-729
53. Iwamoto S, Ikeda M, Kawasaki T, Monden M. Treatment of varicose veins: an assessment of intraoperative and postoperative compression sclerotherapy. Ann Vasc Surg 2003;17:290-295 (Pubitemid 36687579)
54. Kahle B, Leng K. Efficacy of sclerotherapy in varicose veins - prospective, blinded, placebo-controlled study. Dermatol Surg 2004;30:723-728 (Pubitemid 38657963)
55. Rao J, Wildemore JK, Goldman M, Mitchel P. Double-blind prospective comparative trial between foamed and liquid polidocanol and sodium tetradecyl sulfate in the treatment of varicose and telangiectatic leg veins. Dermatol Surg 2005;31:635 (Pubitemid 43093412)
56. Scurr JH, Coleridge Smith PD, Cutting P. Varicose veins: optimum compression following sclerotherapy. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 1985;67:109-111 (Pubitemid 15137154)
57. Alos J, Carreno P, Lopez JA, Estadella B, Serra-Prat M, Marinel-Lo J. Efficacy and safety of sclerotherapy using polidocanol foam: a controlled clinical trial. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2006;31:101-107 (Pubitemid 43024991)
58. Batch AJG, Wickremesinghe SS, Gannon ME, Dormandy JA. Randomised trial of bandaging after sclerotherapy for varicose veins. Br Med J 1980;II:423 (Pubitemid 10093065)
59. Celen RP, Bullens-Goessens Yi, Pi-Van de Venne SJ, et al. Outcomes and side effects of duplex-guided sclerotherapy in the treatment of great saphenous veins with 1% versus 3% polidocanol foam: results of a randomized controlled trial with one-year follow-up. Dermatol Surg 2007;33:276-281 (Pubitemid 46328226)
60. Rao J, Wildemore JK, Goldman MP. Double-blind prospective comparative trial between foamed and liquid polidocanol and sodium tetradecyl sulfate in the treatment of varicose and telangiectatic leg veins. Dermatol Surg 2005;31:631-635 (Pubitemid 43093412)
61. Goldman MP. Treatment of varicose and telangiectatic leg veins: double-blind prospective comparative trial between aethoxyskerol and sotradecol. Dermatol Surg 2002;28:52-55 (Pubitemid 34101582)
62. Bukhari RH, Lohr JM, Paget DS, Hearn AT, Cranley RD. Evaluation of lidocaine as an analgesic when added to hypertonic saline for sclerotherapy. J Vasc Surg 1999;29:479-483 (Pubitemid 29152270)
63. Hamel-Desnos C, Desnos P, Wollmann JC, Ouvry P, Mako S, Allaert FA. Evaluation of the efficacy of polidocanol in the form of foam compared with liquid form in sclerotherapy of the greater saphenous vein: initial results. Dermatol Surg 2003;29:1170-1175 (Pubitemid 38009913)
64. Barrett JM, Allen B, Ockleford A, Goldman MP. Microfoam ultrasound guided sclerotherapy of varicose veins in 100 legs. Dermatol Surg 2004;30:6-12 (Pubitemid 38174021)
65. Belcaro G, Cesarone MR, Di Renzo A, et al. Foam sclerotherapy, surgery, sclerotherapy and combined treatment for varicose veins: a 10-year, prospective, randomised, controlled trial (VEDICO Trial). Angiology 2003;54:307-315
66. Chant ADB, Jones HO, Weddell JM, Beresford SAA. Varicose veins: a comparison of surgery and injection/compression sclerotherapy. Lancet 1972;2:1188-1191
67. Einarsson E, Eklof B, Neglen P. Sclerotherapy or surgery as treatment for varicose veins - a prospective randomized study. Phlebology 1993;8:22-26 (Pubitemid 23104620)
68. Rutgers PH, Kitslaar PJ. Randomized trial of stripping versus high ligation combined with sclerotherapy in the treatment of the incompetent greater saphenous vein. Am J Surg 1994;168:311-315 (Pubitemid 24313203)
69. Babcock WW. A new operation for the extirpation of varicose veins of the leg. N Y Med J 1907;86:153-156
70. Campbell WB, Vijay KA, Collin TW, Allington KL, Michaels JA. The outcome of varicose vein surgery at 10 years: clinical findings, symptoms and patient satisfaction. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2003;85:52-57 (Pubitemid 36067369)
71. Tennant WG, Ruckley CV. Medico-legal action following treatment for varicose veins. Br J Surg 1996;83:291-292 (Pubitemid 26083157)
72. Bradbury AW, Ruckley CV. Varicose veins. In: Beard JD, Gains PA, eds. Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. 1st edn. London: WB Saunders Company Ltd, 1998:432-459
73. Wolf B, Brittenden J. Surgical treatment of varicose veins. J R Coll Surg Edinb, 2001;46:154-158 (Pubitemid 32591321)
74. Thievacumar NS, Dellagrammaticas D, Beale RJ, Mavor AID, Gough MJ. Fate and clinical significance of saphenofemoral junction tributaries following endovenous laser ablation of great saphenous vein. Br J Surg 2007;94:722-725 (Pubitemid 46910065)
75. Sarin S, Scurr JH, Coleridge-Smith PD. Stripping of the long saphenous vein in the treatment of primary varicose veins. Br J Surg 1994;81:1455-1458 (Pubitemid 24305987)
76. Dwerryhouse S, Davies B, Harradine K, Earnshaw JJ. Stripping the long saphenous vein reduces the rate of reoperation for recurrent varicose veins: five year results of a randomized trial. J Vasc Surg 1999;29:589-592 (Pubitemid 29181229)
77. Miyazaki N, Nishibe T, Sata F, et al. Long term results of treatments for varicose veins due to greater saphenous vein insufficiency. Int Angiol 2005;24:282-286 (Pubitemid 41582338)
78. Subramonia S, Lees T. Sensory abnormalities and bruising after long saphenous vein stripping: impact on short term quality of life. J Vasc Surg 2005;42:510-514 (Pubitemid 41323843)
79. Menyhei G, Gyevnar Z, Arato E, Kelemen O, Kollar L. Conventional stripping versus cryostripping: a prospective randomised trial to compare improvement in quality of life and complications. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2008;35:218-223
80. Lorenz D, Gabel W, Redtenbacher M, Weissenhofer W, Minzlaff M, Stengel D. Randomised clinical trial comparing bipolar coagulation and standard great saphenous stripping for symptomatic varicose veins. Br J Surg 2007;94:430-440 (Pubitemid 46624721)
81. Munasinghe A, Smith C, Kianfard B, Price BA, Holdstock JM, Whitely MS. Strip track revascularisation after stripping of the great saphenous vein. Br J Surg 2007;94:840-843 (Pubitemid 47051207)
82. Mueller R. Interview with Dr. Robert Muller: father of modern day ambulatory phlebectomy, Interview by Jose A. Olivencia. Dermatol Surg 1998;24:1147-1150 (Pubitemid 28481872)
83. Cheshire N, Elias SM, Keagy B, Kolvenbach R, Leahy AL, Marston W. Powered phlebectomy (Trivex) in the treatment of varicose veins. Ann Vasc Surg 2002;16:488-494
84. De Zeeuw R, Wittens C, Loots M, Neumann M. Transilluminated powered phlebectomy accomplished by local tumescent anaesthesia in the treatment of tributary varicose veins: preliminary clinical results. Phlebology 2007;22:90-94
85. Scavee V. Transilluminated powered phlebectomy: not enough advantages? Review of the literature. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2006;31:316-319 (Pubitemid 43263517)
86. Chetter IC, Mylankal KJ, Hughes H, Fitteridge R. Randomized clinical trial comparing multiple stab incision phlebectomy and transilluminated powered phlebectomy for varicose veins. Br J Surg 2006;93:169-174 (Pubitemid 43259600)
87. Aremu MA, Mahendran B, ButcherW, et al. Prospective randomised controlled trial: conventional versus powere phlebectomy. J Vasc Surg 2004;39:88-94 (Pubitemid 38056157)
88. Bush RG, Shamna HN, Nichols H, Hammond KA. 940-nm laser for treatment of saphenous insufficiency: histological analysis long term follow up. Photomed Laser Surg 2005;23:15-19 (Pubitemid 40349957)
89. Park SJ, Yim SB, Cha DW, Kim SC, Lee SH. Endovenous laser treatment of the small saphenous veins with a 980 nm diode laser: early results. Dermatol Surg 2008;34:517-524
90. Darwood RJ, Theivacumar N, Dellagrammaticas D, Mavor AI, Gough MJ. Randomized clinical trial comparing endovenous laser ablation with surgery for the treatment of primary great saphenous varicose veins. Br J Surg 2008;95:294-301
91. Theivacumar NS, Beale RJ, Mavor AID, Gough MJ. Initial experience in endovenous laser therapy ablation (EVLA) of varicose veins due to small saphenous vein reflux. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2007;33:614-618 (Pubitemid 46547468)
92. Mekako AI, Hatfield J, Bryce J, Lee D, McCollum PT, Chetter I. A non randomized controlled trial of endovenous laser therapy and surgery in the treatment of varicose veins. Ann Surg 2006;20:451-457 (Pubitemid 44379322)
93. Min RJ, Khilnani N, Zimmet N, Steven E. Endovenous laser treatment of saphenous vein reflux: long term results. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2003;14:991-996 (Pubitemid 36959516)
94. Kalteis M, Berger I, Messie-Werndl Pistrich R, et al. High ligation combined with stripping and endovenous laser ablation of the great saphenous vein: early results of a randomized controlled trial. J Vasc Surg 2008;47:822-829
95. Rasmussen LH, Bjoern L, Lawaetz M, Blemings A, Lawatez B, Eklof B. Randomized trial comparing endovenous laser ablation of the great saphenous vein with high ligation and stripping in patients with varicose veins: short term results. J Vasc Surg 2007;46:308-315 (Pubitemid 47411486)
96. Kianifard B, Holdstock JM, Whitely MS. Radiofrequency ablation (VNUS closure) does not cause neovascularisation at the groin at one year: results of a case controlled study. J R Coll Surg Edin 2006;4:71-74
97. Hinchcliffe RJ, Ubhi J, Beech A, Ellison J, Braithwaite BD. A prospective randomized controlled trial of VNUS closure versus surgery for the treatment of recurrent long saphenous varicose veins. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2006;31:212-218 (Pubitemid 43078951)
98. Puggioni A, Kalra M, Carmo M, Mozes G, Gloviczk P. Endovenous laser therapy and radiofrequency ablation of the great saphenous vein: analysis of early efficacy and complications. J Vasc Surg 2005;42:488-493 (Pubitemid 41323838)
99. Nicolini P. Closure group. Treatment of primary varicose veins by obliteration with the VNUS closure system: results of a prospective multicentre study. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2005;29:433-439 (Pubitemid 40331382)
100. Lurie F, Creton D, Eklof B, et al. Prospective randomized study of endovenous radiofrequency obliteration versus ligation and vein stripping (EVOLVeS): two-year follow up. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2005;29:67-73 (Pubitemid 39618994)