Role of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus C-terminal LANA chromosome binding in episome persistence

Journal of Virology

Volumn 83, Issue 9, 2009, Pages 4326-4337

  Kelley Clarke, Brenna ^a,b   De Leon Vazquez, Erika ^a   Slain, Katherine ^a   Barbera, Andrew J ^a   Kaye, Kenneth M ^a  

^a BRIGHAM AND WOMEN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACID PROTEIN; CYCLIN DEPENDENT KINASE 2; DNA; HISTONE; LATENCY ASSOCIATED NUCLEAR ANTIGEN; PROTEIN BAX; PROTEIN P53;

AMINO TERMINAL SEQUENCE; ARTICLE; CARBOXY TERMINAL SEQUENCE; CHROMOSOME; CONTROLLED STUDY; DNA BINDING; EPISOME; GROWTH DISORDER; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 8; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROMOTER REGION; PROTEIN FUNCTION; SELF CONCEPT; TRANSACTIVATION; WILD TYPE;

ALANINE; ANTIGENS, VIRAL; CELL LINE; CHROMOSOMES; DNA, VIRAL; HERPESVIRUS 8, HUMAN; HUMANS; MITOSIS; MUTATION; NUCLEAR PROTEINS; PHENOTYPE; PLASMIDS; PROMOTER REGIONS, GENETIC; PROTEIN BINDING;

HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 8;

EID: 66149113937     PISSN: 0022538X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/JVI.02395-08     Document Type: Article

References (85)

1. An, F. Q., N. Compitello, E. Horwitz, M. Sramkoski, E. S. Knudsen, and R. Renne. 2005. The latency-associated nuclear antigen of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus modulates cellular gene expression and protects lymphoid cells from p16 INK4A-induced cell cycle arrest. J. Biol. Chem. 280: 3862-3874. (Pubitemid 40223856)
2. Ballestas, M. E., P. A. Chatis, and K. M. Kaye. 1999. Efficient persistence of extrachromosomal KSHV DNA mediated by latency-associated nuclear antigen. Science 284:641-644.
3. Ballestas, M. E., and K. M. Kaye. 2001. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus latency-associated nuclear antigen 1 mediates episome persistence through cis-acting terminal repeat (TR) sequence and specifically binds TR DNA. J. Virol. 75:3250-3258.
4. Barbera, A. J., M. E. Ballestas, and K. M. Kaye. 2004. The Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus latency-associated nuclear antigen 1 N terminus is essential for chromosome association, DNA replication, and episome persistence. J. Virol. 78:294-301.
5. Barbera, A. J., J. V. Chodaparambil, B. Kelley-Clarke, V. Joukov, J. C. Walter, K. Luger, and K. M. Kaye. 2006. The nucleosomal surface as a docking station for Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus LANA. Science 311:856-861.
6. Bastien, N., and A. A. McBride. 2000. Interaction of the papillomavirus E2 protein with mitotic chromosomes. Virology 270:124-134.
7. Bochkarev, A., J. A. Barwell, R. A. Pfuetzner, W. Furey, Jr., A. M. Edwards, and L. Frappier. 1995. Crystal structure of the DNA-binding domain of the Epstein-Barr virus origin-binding protein EBNA 1. Cell 83:39-46.
8. Brannon, A. R., J. A. Maresca, J. D. Boeke, M. A. Basrai, and A. A. McBride. 2005. Reconstitution of papillomavirus E2-mediated plasmid maintenance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by the Brd4 bromodomain protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102:2998-3003.
9. Bubman, D., I. Guasparri, and E. Cesarman. 2007. Deregulation of c-Myc in primary effusion lymphoma by Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus latency-associated nuclear antigen. Oncogene 26:4979-4986.
10. Cesarman, E., Y. Chang, P. S. Moore, J. W. Said, and D. M. Knowles. 1995. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-like DNA sequences in AIDS-related body-cavity-based lymphomas. New Engl. J. Med. 332:1186-1191.
11. Cesarman, E., P. S. Moore, P. H. Rao, G. Inghirami, D. M. Knowles, and Y. Chang. 1995. In vitro establishment and characterization of two acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related lymphoma cell lines (BC-1 and BC-2) containing Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-like (KSHV) DNA sequences. Blood 86:2708-2714.
12. Cotter, M. A., II, and E. S. Robertson. 1999. The latency-associated nuclear antigen tethers the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus genome to host chromosomes in body cavity-based lymphoma cells. Virology 264:254-264.
13. Cotter, M. A., II, C. Subramanian, and E. S. Robertson. 2001. The Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus latency-associated nuclear antigen binds to specific sequences at the left end of the viral genome through its carboxyterminus. Virology 291:241-259.
14. Decker, L. L., P. Shankar, G. Khan, R. B. Freeman, B. J. Dezube, J. Lieberman, and D. A. Thorley-Lawson. 1996. The Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is present as an intact latent genome in KS tissue but replicates in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of KS patients. J. Exp. Med. 184:283-288. (Pubitemid 26247239)
15. Di Bartolo, D. L., M. Cannon, Y. F. Liu, R. Renne, A. Chadburn, C. Boshoff, and E. Cesarman. 2008. KSHV LANA inhibits TGF-beta signaling through epigenetic silencing of the TGF-beta type II receptor. Blood 111:4731-4740.
16. Dupin, N., T. L. Diss, P. Kellam, M. Tulliez, M. Q. Du, D. Sicard, R. A. Weiss, P. G. Isaacson, and C. Boshoff. 2000. HHV-8 is associated with a plasmablastic variant of Castleman disease that is linked to HHV-8-positive plasmablastic lymphoma. Blood 95:1406-1412.
17. Dupin, N., C. Fisher, P. Kellam, S. Ariad, M. Tulliez, N. Franck, E. van Marck, D. Salmon, I. Gorin, J. P. Escande, R. A. Weiss, K. Alitalo, and C. Boshoff. 1999. Distribution of human herpesvirus-8 latently infected cells in Kaposi's sarcoma, multicentric Castleman's disease, and primary effusion lymphoma. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96:4546-4551.
18. Eichten, A., M. Westfall, J. A. Pietenpol, and K. Munger. 2002. Stabilization and functional impairment of the tumor suppressor p53 by the human papillomavirus type 16 E7 oncoprotein. Virology 295:74-85.
19. Fakhari, F. D., J. H. Jeong, Y. Kanan, and D. P. Dittmer. 2006. The latency-associated nuclear antigen of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus induces B cell hyperplasia and lymphoma. J. Clin. Investig. 116:735-742. (Pubitemid 43326882)
20. Fejer, G., M. M. Medveczky, E. Horvath, B. Lane, Y. Chang, and P. G. Medveczky. 2003. The latency-associated nuclear antigen of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus interacts preferentially with the terminal repeats of the genome in vivo and this complex is sufficient for episomal DNA replication. J. Gen. Virol. 84:1451-1462. (Pubitemid 36675515)
21. Friborg, J., Jr., W. Kong, M. O. Hottiger, and G. J. Nabel. 1999. p53 inhibition by the LANA protein of KSHV protects against cell death. Nature 402:889-894. (Pubitemid 30017172)
22. Fujimuro, M., and S. D. Hayward. 2003. The latency-associated nuclear antigen of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus manipulates the activity of glycogen synthase kinase-3β. J. Virol. 77:8019-8030. (Pubitemid 36792798)
23. Fujimuro, M., J. Liu, J. Zhu, H. Yokosawa, and S. D. Hayward. 2005. Regulation of the interaction between glycogen synthase kinase 3 and the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus latency-associated nuclear antigen. J. Virol. 79:10429-10441. (Pubitemid 41098583)
24. Fujimuro, M., F. Y. Wu, C. ApRhys, H. Kajumbula, D. B. Young, G. S. Hayward, and S. D. Hayward. 2003. A novel viral mechanism for dysregulation of beta-catenin in Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus latency. Nat. Med. 9:300-306. (Pubitemid 36362785)
25. Garber, A. C., J. Hu, and R. Renne. 2002. Latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) cooperatively binds to two sites within the terminal repeat, and both sites contribute to the ability of LANA to suppress transcription and to facilitate DNA replication. J. Biol. Chem. 277:27401-27411.
26. Garber, A. C., M. A. Shu, J. Hu, and R. Renne. 2001. DNA binding and modulation of gene expression by the latency-associated nuclear antigen of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. J. Virol. 75:7882-7892. (Pubitemid 32743660)
27. Gardella, T., P. Medveczky, T. Sairenji, and C. Mulder. 1984. Detection of circular and linear herpesvirus DNA molecules in mammalian cells by gel electrophoresis. J. Virol. 50:248-254. (Pubitemid 14165314)
28. Giebler, H. A., I. Lemasson, and J. K. Nyborg. 2000. p53 recruitment of CREB binding protein mediated through phosphorylated CREB: a novel pathway of tumor suppressor regulation. Mol. Cell. Biol. 20:4849-4858.
29. Gonzalez, S. L., M. Stremlau, X. He, J. R. Basile, and K. Munger. 2001. Degradation of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor by the human papillomavirus type 16 E7 oncoprotein is important for functional inactivation and is separable from proteasomal degradation of E7. J. Virol. 75:7583-7591. (Pubitemid 32738016)
30. Gradoville, L., J. Gerlach, E. Grogan, D. Shedd, S. Nikiforow, C. Metroka, and G. Miller. 2000. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus open reading frame 50/Rta protein activates the entire viral lytic cycle in the HH-B2 primary effusion lymphoma cell line. J. Virol. 74:6207-6212. (Pubitemid 30412996)
31. Grundhoff, A., and D. Ganem. 2003. The latency-associated nuclear antigen of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus permits replication of terminal repeat-containing plasmids. J. Virol. 77:2779-2783. (Pubitemid 36222806)
32. Hu, J., A. C. Garber, and R. Renne. 2002. The latency-associated nuclear antigen of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus supports latent DNA replication in dividing cells. J. Virol. 76:11677-11687. (Pubitemid 35231322)
33. Huang, H. J., J. K. Yee, J. Y. Shew, P. L. Chen, R. Bookstein, T. Friedmann, E. Y. Lee, and W. H. Lee. 1988. Suppression of the neoplastic phenotype by replacement of the RB gene in human cancer cells. Science 242:1563-1566.
34. Hung, S. C., M. S. Kang, and E. Kieff. 2001. Maintenance of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) oriP-based episomes requires EBV-encoded nuclear antigen-1 chromosome-binding domains, which can be replaced by high-mobility group-I or histone H1. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98:1865-1870.
35. Jeong, J. H., J. Orvis, J. W. Kim, C. P. McMurtry, R. Renne, and D. P. Dittmer. 2004. Regulation and auto-regulation of the promoter for the latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. J. Biol. Chem.
36. Kelley-Clarke, B., M. E. Ballestas, T. Komatsu, and K. M. Kaye. 2007. Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus C-terminal LANA concentrates at pericentromeric and peri-telomeric regions of a subset of mitotic chromosomes. Virology 357:149-157.
37. Kelley-Clarke, B., M. E. Ballestas, V. Srinivasan, A. J. Barbera, T. Komatsu, T. A. Harris, M. Kazanjian, and K. M. Kaye. 2007. Determination of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus C-terminal latency-associated nuclear antigen residues mediating chromosome association and DNA binding. J. Virol. 81:4348-4356. (Pubitemid 46586930)
38. Knight, J. S., M. A. Cotter II, and E. S. Robertson. 2001. The latency-associated nuclear antigen of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus transactivates the telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter. J. Biol. Chem. 276:22971-22978. (Pubitemid 37410988)
39. Komatsu, T., M. E. Ballestas, A. J. Barbera, B. Kelley-Clarke, and K. M. Kaye. 2004. KSHV LANA1 binds DNA as an oligomer and residues N-terminal to the oligomerization domain are essential for DNA binding, replication, and episome persistence. Virology 319:225-236.
40. Krithivas, A., M. Fujimuro, M. Weidner, D. B. Young, and S. D. Hayward. 2002. Protein interactions targeting the latency-associated nuclear antigen of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus to cell chromosomes. J. Virol. 76:11596-11604. (Pubitemid 35231315)
41. Krithivas, A., D. B. Young, G. Liao, D. Greene, and S. D. Hayward. 2000. Human herpesvirus 8 LANA interacts with proteins of the mSin3 corepressor complex and negatively regulates Epstein-Barr virus gene expression in dually infected PEL Cells. J. Virol. 74:9637-9645.
42. Lan, K., D. A. Kuppers, S. C. Verma, and E. S. Robertson. 2004. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-encoded latency-associated nuclear antigen inhibits lytic replication by targeting Rta: a potential mechanism for virus-mediated control of latency. J. Virol. 78:6585-6594.
43. Li, Q., F. Zhou, F. Ye, and S. J. Gao. 2008. Genetic disruption of KSHV major latent nuclear antigen LANA enhances viral lytic transcriptional program. Virology 379:234-244.
44. Lim, C., C. Choi, and J. Choe. 2004. Mitotic chromosome-binding activity of latency-associated nuclear antigen 1 is required for DNA replication from terminal repeat sequence of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. J. Virol. 78:7248-7256. (Pubitemid 38781562)
45. Lim, C., T. Seo, J. Jung, and J. Choe. 2004. Identification of a virus transacting regulatory element on the latent DNA replication of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. J. Gen. Virol. 85:843-855. (Pubitemid 38489550)
46. Lim, C., H. Sohn, Y. Gwack, and J. Choe. 2000. Latency-associated nuclear antigen of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (human herpesvirus-8) binds ATF4/CREB2 and inhibits its transcriptional activation activity. J. Gen. Virol. 81:2645-2652.
47. Lim, C., H. Sohn, D. Lee, Y. Gwack, and J. Choe. 2002. Functional dissection of latency-associated nuclear antigen 1 of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus involved in latent DNA replication and transcription of terminal repeats of the viral genome. J. Virol. 76:10320-10331.
48. Liu, J., H. Martin, M. Shamay, C. Woodard, Q. Q. Tang, and S. D. Hayward. 2007. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus LANA protein downregulates nuclear glycogen synthase kinase 3 activity and consequently blocks differentiation. J. Virol. 81:4722-4731. (Pubitemid 46668669)
49. Liu, J., H. J. Martin, G. Liao, and S. D. Hayward. 2007. The Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus LANA protein stabilizes and activates c-Myc. J. Virol. 81:10451-10459. (Pubitemid 47463318)
50. Lu, F., L. Day, S. J. Gao, and P. M. Lieberman. 2006. Acetylation of the latency-associated nuclear antigen regulates repression of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus lytic transcription. J. Virol. 80:5273-5282. (Pubitemid 43752772)
51. Lukac, D. M., R. Renne, J. R. Kirshner, and D. Ganem. 1998. Reactivation of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection from latency by expression of the ORF 50 transactivator, a homolog of the EBV R protein. Virology 252:304-312.
52. Marechal, V., A. Dehee, R. Chikhi-Brachet, T. Piolot, M. Coppey-Moisan, and J. C. Nicolas. 1999. Mapping EBNA-1 domains involved in binding to metaphase chromosomes. J. Virol. 73:4385-4392. (Pubitemid 29189885)
53. McPhillips, M. G., J. G. Oliveira, J. E. Spindler, R. Mitra, and A. A. McBride. 2006. Brd4 is required for E2-mediated transcriptional activation but not genome partitioning of all papillomaviruses. J. Virol. 80:9530-9543. (Pubitemid 44435629)
54. McPhillips, M. G., K. Ozato, and A. A. McBride. 2005. Interaction of bovine papillomavirus E2 protein with Brd4 stabilizes its association with chromatin. J. Virol. 79:8920-8932. (Pubitemid 40934803)
55. Moore, P. S., and Y. Chang. 1995. Detection of herpesvirus-like DNA sequences in Kaposi's sarcoma in patients with and without HIV infection. N. Engl. J. Med. 332:1181-1185.
56. Morgenstern, J. P., and H. Land. 1990. A series of mammalian expression vectors and characterisation of their expression of a reporter gene in stably and transiently transfected cells. Nucleic Acids Res. 18:1068. (Pubitemid 20089500)
57. Murakami, Y., S. Yamagoe, K. Noguchi, Y. Takebe, N. Takahashi, Y. Uehara, and H. Fukazawa. 2006. Ets-1-dependent expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors is activated by latency-associated nuclear antigen of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus through interaction with Daxx. J. Biol. Chem. 281:28113-28121. (Pubitemid 44414525)
58. Oliveira, J. G., L. A. Colf, and A. A. McBride. 2006. Variations in the association of papillomavirus E2 proteins with mitotic chromosomes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103:1047-1052.
59. Ottinger, M., T. Christalla, K. Nathan, M. M. Brinkmann, A. Viejo-Borbolla, and T. F. Schulz. 2006. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus LANA-1 interacts with the short variant of BRD4 and releases cells from a BRD4- and BRD2/RING3-induced G1 cell cycle arrest. J. Virol. 80:10772-10786. (Pubitemid 44628923)
60. Petre, C. E., S. H. Sin, and D. P. Dittmer. 2007. Functional p53 signaling in Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus lymphomas: implications for therapy. J. Virol. 81:1912-1922.
61. Piolot, T., M. Tramier, M. Coppey, J. C. Nicolas, and V. Marechal. 2001. Close but distinct regions of human herpesvirus 8 latency-associated nuclear antigen 1 are responsible for nuclear targeting and binding to human mitotic chromosomes. J. Virol. 75:3948-3959. (Pubitemid 32246403)
62. Poddar, A., S. C. Reed, M. G. McPhillips, J. E. Spindler, and A. A. McBride. 2009. The human papillomavirus type 8 E2 tethering protein targets the ribosomal DNA loci of host mitotic chromosomes. J. Virol. 83:640-650.
63. Radkov, S. A., P. Kellam, and C. Boshoff. 2000. The latent nuclear antigen of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus targets the retinoblastoma-E2F pathway and with the oncogene Hras transforms primary rat cells. Nat. Med. 6:1121-1127.
64. Renne, R., C. Barry, D. Dittmer, N. Compitello, P. O. Brown, and D. Ganem. 2001. Modulation of cellular and viral gene expression by the latency-associated nuclear antigen of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. J. Virol. 75:458-468.
65. Renne, R., M. Lagunoff, W. Zhong, and D. Ganem. 1996. The size and conformation of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (human herpesvirus 8) DNA in infected cells and virions. J. Virol. 70:8151-8154. (Pubitemid 26339129)
66. Sarek, G., S. Kurki, J. Enback, G. Iotzova, J. Haas, P. Laakkonen, M. Laiho, and P. M. Ojala. 2007. Reactivation of the p53 pathway as a treatment modality for KSHV-induced lymphomas. J. Clin. Investig. 117:1019-1028. (Pubitemid 46556758)
67. Schwam, D. R., R. L. Luciano, S. S. Mahajan, L. Wong, and A. C. Wilson. 2000. Carboxy terminus of human herpesvirus 8 latency-associated nuclear antigen mediates dimerization, transcriptional repression, and targeting to nuclear bodies. J. Virol. 74:8532-8540.
68. Sears, J., M. Ujihara, S. Wong, C. Ott, J. Middeldorp, and A. Aiyar. 2004. The amino terminus of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) nuclear antigen 1 contains AT hooks that facilitate the replication and partitioning of latent EBV genomes by tethering them to cellular chromosomes. J. Virol. 78:11487-11505. (Pubitemid 39390736)
69. Shamay, M., A. Krithivas, J. Zhang, and S. D. Hayward. 2006. Recruitment of the de novo DNA methyltransferase Dnmt3a by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus LANA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103:14554-14559.
70. Shire, K., D. F. Ceccarelli, T. M. Avolio-Hunter, and L. Frappier. 1999. EBP2, a human protein that interacts with sequences of the Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 important for plasmid maintenance. J. Virol. 73:2587-2595.
71. Si, H., and E. S. Robertson. 2006. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-encoded latency-associated nuclear antigen induces chromosomal instability through inhibition of p53 function. J. Virol. 80:697-709. (Pubitemid 43062883)
72. Skiadopoulos, M. H., and A. A. McBride. 1998. Bovine papillomavirus type 1 genomes and the E2 transactivator protein are closely associated with mitotic chromatin. J. Virol. 72:2079-2088. (Pubitemid 28100763)
73. Soulier, J., L. Grollet, E. Oksenhendler, P. Cacoub, D. Cazals-Hatem, P. Babinet, M.-F. d'Agay, J.-P. Clauvel, M. Raphael, L. Degos, and F. Sigaux. 1995. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-like DNA sequences in multicentric Castleman's disease. Blood 86:1276-1280.
74. Sun, R., S. F. Lin, L. Gradoville, Y. Yuan, F. Zhu, and G. Miller. 1998. A viral gene that activates lytic cycle expression of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:10866-10871.
75. Szekely, L., C. Kiss, K. Mattsson, E. Kashuba, K. Pokrovskaja, A. Juhasz, P. Holmvall, and G. Klein. 1999. Human herpesvirus-8-encoded LNA-1 accumulates in heterochromatin-associated nuclear bodies. J. Gen. Virol. 80:2889-2900. (Pubitemid 29504660)
76. Tang, J., G. M. Gordon, M. G. Muller, M. Dahiya, and K. E. Foreman. 2003. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus latency-associated nuclear antigen induces expression of the helix-loop-helix protein Id-1 in human endothelial cells. J. Virol. 77:5975-5984. (Pubitemid 36538988)
77. Verma, S. C., S. Borah, and E. S. Robertson. 2004. Latency-associated nuclear antigen of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus up-regulates transcription of human telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter through interaction with transcription factor Sp1. J. Virol. 78:10348-10359. (Pubitemid 39258360)
78. Watanabe, T., M. Sugaya, A. M. Atkins, E. A. Aquilino, A. Yang, D. L. Borris, J. Brady, and A. Blauvelt. 2003. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus latency-associated nuclear antigen prolongs the life span of primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells. J. Virol. 77:6188-6196. (Pubitemid 36588389)
79. Wong, L. Y., G. A. Matchett, and A. C. Wilson. 2004. Transcriptional activation by the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus latency-associated nuclear antigen is facilitated by an N-terminal chromatin-binding motif. J. Virol. 78:10074-10085. (Pubitemid 39187125)
80. Wu, H., D. F. Ceccarelli, and L. Frappier. 2000. The DNA segregation mechanism of Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1. EMBO Rep. 1:140-144.
81. Wu, H., P. Kapoor, and L. Frappier. 2002. Separation of the DNA replication, segregation, and transcriptional activation functions of Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1. J. Virol. 76:2480-2490.
82. Xie, R. L., S. Gupta, A. Miele, D. Shiffman, J. L. Stein, G. S. Stein, and A. J. van Wijnen. 2003. The tumor suppressor interferon regulatory factor 1 interferes with SP1 activation to repress the human CDK2 promoter. J. Biol. Chem. 278:26589-26596. (Pubitemid 36876803)
83. Ye, F. C., F. C. Zhou, S. M. Yoo, J. P. Xie, P. J. Browning, and S. J. Gao. 2004. Disruption of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus latent nuclear antigen leads to abortive episome persistence. J. Virol. 78:11121-11129. (Pubitemid 39299652)
84. You, J., J. L. Croyle, A. Nishimura, K. Ozato, and P. M. Howley. 2004. Interaction of the bovine papillomavirus E2 protein with Brd4 tethers the viral DNA to host mitotic chromosomes. Cell 117:349-360.
85. You, J., V. Srinivasan, G. V. Denis, W. J. Harrington, Jr., M. E. Ballestas, K. M. Kaye, and P. M. Howley. 2006. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus latency-associated nuclear antigen interacts with bromodomain protein Brd4 on host mitotic chromosomes. J. Virol. 80:8909-8919. (Pubitemid 44359965)