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FISH was performed with TSA-Direct (NEN Life Science Products). Colcemid treatment and hypotonic swelling of cells was performed as described in (19). Cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde at room temperature for 10 min and then fixed in 70% ethanol at 4°C for 10 min. Fixed cells were permeabilized with 0.5% Triton-× 100 and overlaid with DNA in situ hybridization solution (DAKO, Carpinteria, CA) containing 20 ng of a probe that was labeled with biotin and nick translated from pBSLANA. pBSLANA was constructed by subcloning the 4.7-kb KSHV genomic Sac I fragment flanking ORF 73 from the L54 library phage (8) into pBluescript (Stratagene). After denaturation of DNA at 93°C for 5 min, slides were incubated for 4 hours at 37°C, washed in 0.2× standard saline citrate for 30 min at 45°C, and blocked in TNB (0.1 M tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 0.15 M NaCl, 0.5% blocking reagent) at room temperature for 30 min. Slides were then incubated with streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase (1:100) for 30 min at 37°C and incubated with cyanine 3-tyramide (1:50) for 10 min at room temperature. After FISH, cells were incubated with BJAB cell extract-adsorbed KSHV immune serum (1:50) followed by secondary fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated antibody and counterstained with DAPI (1 μg/ml) in methanol for 15 min. For two-color fluorescence, DAPI was omitted.
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2-terminal LANA amino acids are replaced with the FLAG epitope (DYKDDDDKV) (22). LANA stable cell lines were generated by electroporating pSG5LANA or pSG5 F-LANA and a plasmid encoding the hygromycin-resistance gene downstream of an SV40 promoter into BJAB cells [K. M. Kaye, K. M. Izumi, G. Mosialos, E. Kieff, J. Virol. 69, 675 (1995); D. Liebowitz, J. Mannick, K. Takada, E. Kieff, ibid. 66, 4612 (1992)]. After 48 hours, cells were seeded into microtiter plates, and hygromycin-resistant clones were selected. Hygromycin-resistant BJAB cells expressing pSG5LANA or pSG5 F-LANA were transfected with 25 μg of the Z6 or Z8 cosmid. Z6 contains KSHV sequence including the terminal repeats and the first ∼33 kb of the BC-1 genome cloned into S-Cos1 (Stratagene), and Z8 contains nucleotides ∼73,000 to 107,000 of BC-1 KSHV cloned into S-Cos1 (8). S-Cos1 encodes the neomycin-resistance gene downstream of an SV40 promoter and provides G418 resistance. After 48 hours, cells were placed under G418 selection. For subclone analysis, the Z6 cosmid was digested with Hind III and religated, resulting in the deletion of KSHV sequences after the first ∼13 kb of the genome (Z6-13). The two largest remaining Z6 KSHV Hind III fragments of ∼7 and ∼11 kb were cloned into pREP9 (Invitrogen) after the deletion of the pREP9 sequences between Cla I and Kpn I (Z6-7 and Z6-11 respectively). pREP9 encodes the neomycin-resistance gene downstream of a thymidine kinase promoter and provides G418 resistance. The Z6 subclones were transfected into BJAB/F-LANA or BJAB cells and selected for G418 resistance as above.
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2-terminal LANA amino acids are replaced with the FLAG epitope (DYKDDDDKV) (22). LANA stable cell lines were generated by electroporating pSG5LANA or pSG5 F-LANA and a plasmid encoding the hygromycin-resistance gene downstream of an SV40 promoter into BJAB cells [K. M. Kaye, K. M. Izumi, G. Mosialos, E. Kieff, J. Virol. 69, 675 (1995); D. Liebowitz, J. Mannick, K. Takada, E. Kieff, ibid. 66, 4612 (1992)]. After 48 hours, cells were seeded into microtiter plates, and hygromycin-resistant clones were selected. Hygromycin-resistant BJAB cells expressing pSG5LANA or pSG5 F-LANA were transfected with 25 μg of the Z6 or Z8 cosmid. Z6 contains KSHV sequence including the terminal repeats and the first ∼33 kb of the BC-1 genome cloned into S-Cos1 (Stratagene), and Z8 contains nucleotides ∼73,000 to 107,000 of BC-1 KSHV cloned into S-Cos1 (8). S-Cos1 encodes the neomycin-resistance gene downstream of an SV40 promoter and provides G418 resistance. After 48 hours, cells were placed under G418 selection. For subclone analysis, the Z6 cosmid was digested with Hind III and religated, resulting in the deletion of KSHV sequences after the first ∼13 kb of the genome (Z6-13). The two largest remaining Z6 KSHV Hind III fragments of ∼7 and ∼11 kb were cloned into pREP9 (Invitrogen) after the deletion of the pREP9 sequences between Cla I and Kpn I (Z6-7 and Z6-11 respectively). pREP9 encodes the neomycin-resistance gene downstream of a thymidine kinase promoter and provides G418 resistance. The Z6 subclones were transfected into BJAB/F-LANA or BJAB cells and selected for G418 resistance as above.
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2-terminal LANA amino acids are replaced with the FLAG epitope (DYKDDDDKV) (22). LANA stable cell lines were generated by electroporating pSG5LANA or pSG5 F-LANA and a plasmid encoding the hygromycin-resistance gene downstream of an SV40 promoter into BJAB cells [K. M. Kaye, K. M. Izumi, G. Mosialos, E. Kieff, J. Virol. 69, 675 (1995); D. Liebowitz, J. Mannick, K. Takada, E. Kieff, ibid. 66, 4612 (1992)]. After 48 hours, cells were seeded into microtiter plates, and hygromycin-resistant clones were selected. Hygromycin-resistant BJAB cells expressing pSG5LANA or pSG5 F-LANA were transfected with 25 μg of the Z6 or Z8 cosmid. Z6 contains KSHV sequence including the terminal repeats and the first ∼33 kb of the BC-1 genome cloned into S-Cos1 (Stratagene), and Z8 contains nucleotides ∼73,000 to 107,000 of BC-1 KSHV cloned into S-Cos1 (8). S-Cos1 encodes the neomycin-resistance gene downstream of an SV40 promoter and provides G418 resistance. After 48 hours, cells were placed under G418 selection. For subclone analysis, the Z6 cosmid was digested with Hind III and religated, resulting in the deletion of KSHV sequences after the first ∼13 kb of the genome (Z6-13). The two largest remaining Z6 KSHV Hind III fragments of ∼7 and ∼11 kb were cloned into pREP9 (Invitrogen) after the deletion of the pREP9 sequences between Cla I and Kpn I (Z6-7 and Z6-11 respectively). pREP9 encodes the neomycin-resistance gene downstream of a thymidine kinase promoter and provides G418 resistance. The Z6 subclones were transfected into BJAB/F-LANA or BJAB cells and selected for G418 resistance as above.
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Single-letter abbreviations for the amino acid residues are as follows: D, Asp; K, Lys; V, Val; and Y, Tyr.
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We thank E. Kieff for helpful discussions and P. Marks for assistance with microscopy for Fig. 2. This work was supported by grant CA67380-04 (K.M.K.) from the National Cancer Institute.
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