Prodromal unfolding: The validation of the Schizotypic Syndrome Questionnaire model in a sample of first-episode schizophrenic patients

Early Intervention in Psychiatry

Volumn 3, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 137-150

  van Kampen, Dirk ^a   Maurer, Kurt ^b   an der Heiden, Wolfram ^b   Häfner, Heinz ^b  

^a VU UNIVERSITY AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

^b CENTRAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH   (Germany)

Author keywords

Onset stage; Schizophrenia definition; Schizophrenia prodrome; SSQ model; Symptom unfolding

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; CHILD; CLINICAL ASSESSMENT TOOL; DISEASE COURSE; DISEASE MODEL; FEMALE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOLOGIC ASSESSMENT; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SCHIZOTYPIC SYNDROME QUESTIONNAIRE; SCHOOL CHILD; SYMPTOMATOLOGY; VALIDITY;

ADULT; DISEASE PROGRESSION; EARLY DIAGNOSIS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MODELS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; PREDICTIVE VALUE OF TESTS; PSYCHIATRIC STATUS RATING SCALES; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SCHIZOPHRENIC PSYCHOLOGY; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 66049084300     PISSN: 17517885     EISSN: 17517893     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7893.2009.00120.x     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Docherty JP, Van Kammen DP, Siris SG, Marder SR. Stages of onset of schizophrenic psychosis. Am J Psychiatry 1978; 135: 420-6.
2. Häfner H, Maurer K. Are there two types of schizophrenia? True onset and sequence of positive and negative syndromes prior to first admission. In: Marneros A, Andreasen NC, Tsuang MT, eds. Negative Versus Positive Schizophrenia. Berlin: Springer, 1991; 134-59.
3. Häfner H, Maurer K, Löffler W, An der Heiden W, Hambrecht M, Schultze-Lutter F. Modeling the early course of schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2003; 29: 325-40.
4. Häfner H, Maurer K, Löffler W et al. Onset and early course of schizophrenia. In: Häfner H, Gattaz WF, eds. Search for the Causes of Schizophrenia, Vol. 3. Berlin: Springer, 1995; 43-66.
5. Häfner H, Maurer K, Löffler W, Riecher-Rössler A. The influence of age and sex on the onset and early course of schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 1993; 162: 80-6.
6. Jöreskog KG, Sörbom D. LISREL-8: Structural Equation Modeling with the SIMPLIS Command Language. Chicago, IL: Scientific Software International, 1995.
7. Häfner H, Riecher-Rössler A, Hambrecht M et al. IRAOS: An instrument for the assessment of onset and early course of schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 1992; 6: 209-23.
8. Schultze-Lutter F, Löffler W, Häfner H. Testing models of the early course of schizophrenia. In: Häfner H, ed. Risk and Protective Factors in Schizophrenia: Towards a Conceptual Model of the Disease Process. Darmstadt: Steinkopf, 2003.
9. Van Kampen D. Pathways to schizophrenic psychosis: A LISREL-tested model of the unfolding of the schizophrenic prodrome. J Clin Psychol 2005; 61: 909-38.
10. Bleuler E. Dementia praecox oder Gruppe der Schizophrenieen. In: Aschaffenburg G, ed. Handbuch der Psychiatrie. Leipzig: Deuticke, 1911.
11. Kretschmer E. Körperbau und Character: Untersuchungen zum Konstitutionsproblem und zur Lehre von den Temperamenten. Berlin: Springer, 1942.
12. Møller P, Husby R. The initial prodrome in schizophrenia: searching for naturalistic core dimensions of experience and behavior. Schizophr Bull 2000; 26: 217-32.
13. Yung AR, McGorry PD. The prodromal phase of first-episode psychosis: past and current conceptualizations. Schizophr Bull 1996; 22: 353-70.
14. Kwapil TR, Miller MB, Zinser MC, Chapman J, Chapman LJ. Magical ideation and social anhedonia as predictors of psychosis proneness: A partial replication. J Abnorm Psychol 1997; 106: 491-5.
15. Woods SW, Miller TJ, McGlashan TH. The 'prodromal' patient: Both symptomatic and at-risk. CNS Spectr 2001; 6: 223-32.
16. Van Kampen D. The Schizotypic Syndrome Questionnaire (SSQ): psychometrics, validation and norms. Schizophr Res 2006; 84: 305-22.
17. Van Kampen D, Deijen JB. SPEM dysfunction and general schizotypy as measured by the Schizotypic Syndrome Questionnaire. Internal Research Report. Amsterdam: Vrije Universiteit, Departments of Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, 2006.
18. Raine A. The SPQ: A scale for the assessment of schizotypal personality based on DSM-III-R criteria. Schizophr Bull 1991; 17: 555-64.
19. Allen JG, Coyne L, Console DA. Dissociative detachment relates to psychotic symptoms and personality decompensation. Compr Psychiatry 1997; 38: 327-34.
20. Gross G, Huber G. Das Basissymptomkonzept idiopathischer Psychosen. Zentralbl Neurol Psychiat 1989; 252: 1-19.
21. Johns L, Van Os J. The continuity of psychotic experiences in the general population. Clin Psychol Rev 2001; 21: 1125-41.
22. Hu L, Bentler PM. Cutoff criteria for fit indices in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Struct Equat Modeling 1999; 6: 1-55.
23. Meehl PE. Bootstraps taxometrics: Solving the classification problem in psychopathology. Am Psychol 1995; 50: 266-75.
24. Breckler SJ. Applications of covariance structure modeling in psychology: Cause for concern? Psychol Bull 1990; 107: 260-73.
25. Chapman JP. The early symptoms of schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 1966; 112: 225-51.
26. Cornblatt BA, Lencz T, Smith CW, Correll CU, Auther AM, Nakayama E. The schizophrenia prodrome revisited: A neurodevelopmental perspective. Schizophr Bull 2003; 29: 633-51.
27. Jablensky A. The conflict of the nosologists: Views on schizophrenia and manic-depressive illness in the early part of the 20th century. Schizophr Res 1999; 39: 95-100.
28. Wittchen HU, Essau CA, Hecht H, Teder W, Pfister H. Reliability of life event assessments: Test-retest reliability and fall-off effects of the Munich Interview for the Assessment of Life Events and Conditions. J Affect Disord 1989; 16: 77-91.
29. Flora DB, Curran PJ. An empirical evaluation of alternative methods of estimation for confirmatory factor analysis with ordinal data. Psychol Methods 2004; 9: 466-91.
30. Loehlin JC. Latent Variable Models: An Introduction to Factor, Path, and Structural Analysis. Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1992.
31. Munck IME. Model Building in Comparative Education: Applications of the LISREL Method to Cross-National Survey Data. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell, 1979.
32. Muthén B, Du Toit SHC, Spisic D. Robust inference using weighted least squares and quadratic estimating equations in latent variable modeling with categorical and continuous outcomes. Working paper. Los Angeles: University of California, Graduate School of Education and Information, 1997.
33. Kline RB. Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling. New York: Guilford, 1998.
34. Miller TJ, McGlashan TH, Rosen JL et al. Prospective diagnosis of the initial prodrome for schizophrenia based on the Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes: Preliminary evidence of interrater reliability and predictive validity. Am J Psychiatry 2002; 159: 863-5.
35. Yung AR, Phillips LJ, Yuen HP et al. Psychosis prediction: 12-Month follow up of a high risk ('prodromal') group. Schizophr Res 2003; 60: 21-32.
36. Chapman LJ, Chapman JP, Kwapil TR, Eckblad M, Zinser MC. Putatively psychosis-prone subjects 10 years later. J Abnorm Psychol 1994; 103: 171-83.
37. Kwapil TR. Social anhedonia as a predictor of the development of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. J Abnorm Psychol 1998; 107: 558-65.
38. Lencz T, Smith CW, Auther A, Correll CU, Cornblatt B. Nonspecific and attenuated negative symptoms in patients at clinical high-risk for schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2004; 68: 37-48.
39. Olsen KA, Rosenbaum B. Prospective investigations of the prodromal state of schizophrenia: Review of studies. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2006; 113: 247-72.
40. Yung AR, Phillips LJ, Yuen HP, McGorry PD. Risk factors for psychosis in an ultra high-risk group: Psychopathology and clinical features. Schizophr Res 2004; 67: 131-42.
41. Yung A, Phillips L, McGorry P, Ward J, Donovan K, Thompson K. Comprehensive Assessment of at Risk Mental States (CAARMS). Melbourne: PACE Clinic, University of Melbourne, Department of Psychiatry, 2002.
42. Peralta V, Cuesta MJ. Diagnostic significance of Schneider's first-rank symptoms in schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 1999; 174: 243-8.
43. Tsuang MT, Stone WS, Faraone SV. Toward reformulating the diagnosis of schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 2000; 157: 1041-50.
44. Kraepelin E. Psychiatrie: Ein Lehrbuch für Studierende und Ärzt, 8th edn. Leipzig: Barth, 1913.
45. Baum KM, Walker EF. Childhood behavioral precursors of adult symptom dimensions in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 1995; 16: 111-20.
46. Tarbox SI, Pogue-Geile MF. Development of social functioning in preschizophrenia children and adolescents: A systematic review. Psychol Bull 2008; 34: 561-83.
47. Raine A. Schizotypal personality: Neurodevelopmental and psychosocial trajectories. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 2006; 2: 291-326.
48. Widiger TA, Samuel DB. Diagnostic categories or dimensions? A question for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - Fifth Edition. J Abnorm Psychol 2005; 114: 494-504.
49. Bentall RP. The syndromes and symptoms of psychosis. In: Bentall RP, ed. Reconstructing Schizophrenia. London: Routledge, 1990; 23-60.
50. Boyle M. Schizophrenia: A Scientific Delusion? London: Routledge, 1990.