CMOS microelectrode array for electrochemical lab-on-a-chip applications

IEEE Sensors Journal

Volumn 9, Issue 6, 2009, Pages 609-615

  Hwang, Sungkil ^a   LaFratta, Christopher N ^b   Agarwal, Vinay ^a   Yu, Xin ^b   Walt, David R ^b   Sonkusale, Sameer ^a  

^a Tufts University   (United States)

^b TUFTS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

CMOS sensors; Electrochemistry; Lab on a chip; Microelectrode; Microelectrode array (MEA); Microfluidics; Potentiostat

Indexed keywords

CMOS CHIPS; CMOS SENSORS; ELECTROCHEMICAL ANALYSIS; LAB-ON-A-CHIP; LAB-ON-A-CHIP APPLICATIONS; LOW-POWER CONSUMPTION; MASS TRANSPORT; MICRO-FABRICATION TECHNIQUES; MICROELECTRODE ARRAY; MICROELECTRODE ARRAY (MEA); ON CHIPS; POTASSIUM FERRICYANIDE; POTENTIOSTAT; SAMPLE SIZES; SMALL FORM FACTORS; VERY-LARGE-SCALE INTEGRATION;

APPROXIMATION THEORY; CYCLIC VOLTAMMETRY; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; LABORATORIES; MICROFLUIDICS; POTASSIUM; SENSORS; SURFACE DEFECTS; VOLTAGE REGULATORS;

MICROELECTRODES;

EID: 65849245590     PISSN: 1530437X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2009.2020193     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. K. J. Albert, N. S. Lewis, C. L. Schauer, G. A. Sotzing, S. E. Stitzel, T. P. Vaid, and D. R. Walt, "Cross-reactive chemical sensor arrays," Chem. Rev., vol. 100, pp. 2595-2626, 2000.
2. M. D. Imisides, R. John, and G. G. Wallace, "Microsensors based on conducting polymers," Chemtech, pp. 19-25, May 1996. (Pubitemid 126495693)
3. D. Gunning et al., "30 [mu]m spacing 519-electrode arrays for in vitro retinal studies," Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, vol. 546, pp. 148-153, 2005.
4. T. J. Davies and R. G. Compton, "The cyclic and linear sweep voltammetry of regular and random arrays of microdisc electrodes: Theory," J. Electroanal. Chem. 585, pp. 63-82, 2005.
5. S. Hwang, V. Agarwal, C. LaFratta, J. Yu, D. Walt, and S. Sonkusale, "A miniaturized CMOS microelectrode array system for single droplet electrochemistry applications," in Proc. Micro TAS 2008, Oct. 12-16, 2008, pp. 320-322.
6. M. M. Ahmadi and G. A. Jullien, "A very low power CMOS potentiostat for bioimplantable applications," in Proc. 5th Int. Workshop System-on-Chip for Real-Time Applications., 2005, pp. 184-189. (Pubitemid 44425071)
7. A. Gore, S. Chakrabartty, S. Pal, and E. C. Alocilja, "A multichannel femtoampere-sensitivity potentiostat array for biosensing applications," IEEE Trans. Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, vol. 53, pp. 2357-2363, 2006. (Pubitemid 46521409)
8. J. Zhang, Y. Huang, N. Trombly, C. Yang, and A. Mason, "Electrochemical array microsystem with integrated potentiostat," in Proc. IEEE Sensors Conf., 2005, pp. 385-388. (Pubitemid 46315563)
9. R. G. Kakerow, H. Kappert, E. Spiegel, and Y. Manoli, "Low-power single-chip CMOS potentiostat," in Proc. 8th Int. Conf. Solid-State Sensors and Actuators Eurosensors IX. Transducers '95, 1995, pp. 142-145.
10. S. M. Martin, F. H. Gebara, T. D. Strong, and R. B. Brown, "A lowvoltage, chemical sensor interface for systems-on-chip: The fully-differential potentiostat," in Proc. 2004 Int. Symp. Circuits Syst., 2004, vol. 4, pp. IV-892-5.
11. K. Murari, M. Stanacevic, G. Cauwenberghs, and N. V. Thakor, "Integrated potentiostat for neurotransmitter sensing," IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Mag., vol. 24, pp. 23-29, 2005.
12. K. Murari, N. Thakor, M. Stanacevic, and G. Cauwenberghs, "Widerange, picoampere-sensitivity multichannel VLSI potentiostat for neurotransmitter sensing," in Proc. 26th Ann. Int. Conf. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Soc., 2004, vol. 6, pp. 4063-4066.
13. A. E. Grumet, J. L. Wyatt, and J. F. Rizzo, "Multi-electrode stimulation and recording in the isolated retina," J. Neurosci. Methods, vol. 101, pp. 31-42, 2000.
14. D. Lowinsohn et al., "Design and fabrication of a microelectrode array for iodate quantification in small sample volumes," Sens. Actuators B: Chemical, vol. 113, pp. 80-87, 2006.
15. H. S. Narula and J. G. Harris, "A time-based VLSI potentiostat for ion current measurements," IEEE Sensors J., vol. 6, pp. 239-247, Jun. 2006.
16. R. J. Reay, S. P. Kounaves, and G. T. A. Kovacs, "An integrated CMOS potentiostat for miniaturized electroanalytical instrumentation," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Solid-State Circuits, 1994, pp. 162-163.
17. C. G. Zoski, N. Yang, P. He, L. Berdondini, and M. Koudelka-Hep, "Addressable nanoelectrode membrane arrays: Fabrication and steadystate behavior," Anal. Chem., vol. 79, 2007. (Pubitemid 46309638)
18. B. A. Patel et al., "Individually addressable microelectrode array for monitoring oxygen and nitric oxide release," Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 390, pp. 1379-1387, 2008.
19. D. A. Skoog, F. J. Holler, and T. A. Nieman, Principles of Instrumental Analysis, 5th ed. FortWorth, TX: Sanuders College Publishers, 1998.
20. T. J. Davies, E. R. Lowe, S. J. Wilkins, and R. G. Compton, "Voltammetric sizing of inert particles," Chem. Phys. Chem., vol. 6, pp. 1340-1347, 2005.
21. A. J. Bard and L. R. Faulkner, Electrochemical Methods: Fundamentals and Applications, 2nd ed. New York: Wiley, 2000.
22. M. Datta, A. S. Merritt, and M. Dagenais, "Electroless remetallization of aluminum bond pads on CMOS driver chip for flip-chip attachment to vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSEL's)," IEEE Trans. Comp. and Pack. Tech., vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 299-306, Jun. 1999. (Pubitemid 30559382)
23. M. M. M. Arshad, I. Ahmad, A. Jalar, and G. Omar, "The effects of zincation process on aluminium bond pad surfaces for electroless nickel immersion gold (ENIG) deposition," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Semiconductor Electron., Dec. 2004, pp. 656-662. (Pubitemid 44620065)
24. L. Griscom, Y. Chateau, J. Pennec, L. Misery, and B. L. Pioufle, "Coculture of cells in PDMS microsystem for sensitized arificial skin," in Proc. 3rd Ann. Int. IEEE EMBS Special Topic Conf. Microtech. Med. Biol., May 12-15, 2005, pp. 184-187