Stocking density and stress induction affect production and stress parameters in broiler chickens

Animal Welfare

Volumn 18, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 189-197

  Villagrá, Ara ^a   de la Torre, J L Ruiz ^b   Chacon G ^c   Lainez, M ^a   Torres, A ^d   Manteca, X ^b  

^a Centro de Investigación Y Tecnología Animal   (Spain)

^b UNIVERSITAT AUTÒNOMA DE BARCELONA   (Spain)

^c UNIVERSIDAD DE ZARAGOZA   (Spain)

^d UNIVERSITAT POLITÈCNICA DE VALÈNCIA   (Spain)

Author keywords

Animal welfare; Broiler; Fear; Health status; Stocking density; Stress induction

Indexed keywords

CORTICOSTERONE;

ACUTE STRESS; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL HEALTH; ANIMAL WELFARE; ARTICLE; CHICKEN; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORTICOSTERONE BLOOD LEVEL; FEAR; FEMALE; FOOT DISEASE; GROWTH RATE; HEALTH STATUS; HEMATOCRIT; INCIDENCE; LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; MONITORING; NONHUMAN; REPRODUCTION; SKIN DISEASE; STOCKING DENSITY; TONIC IMMOBILITY;

ANIMALIA; GALLUS GALLUS;

EID: 65349151955     PISSN: 09627286     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Altan O, Pabuccuoglu A, Altan A, Konyalioglu S and Bayraktar H 2003 Effect of heat stress on oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and some stress parameters in broilers. British Poultry Science 44(4): 545-550
2. Appleby MC, Mench JA and Hughes BO 2004 Welfare environmental influences. Poultry Behaviour and Welfare pp 158-175. CABI Publishing: Oxon, UK
3. Bessei W 2004 Stocking density. In: Weeks CA and Butterworth A (eds) Measuring and Auditing Broiler Welfare pp 133-143. CAB International: Wallingford, UK
4. Bessei 2006 Welfare of broilers: a review. World's Poultry Science Journal 62: 455-465
5. Bilcik B, Keeling LJ and Newberry RC 1998 Effect of group size on tonic immobility in laying hens. Behavioural Processes 43(1): 53-59
6. Bizeray D, Estevez I, Leterrier C and Faure JM 2002 Influence of increased environmental complexity on leg condition, performance, and level of fearfulness in broilers. Poultry Science 81(6): 767-773
7. Borges SA, da Silva AVF, Majorka A, Hooge DM and Campo JL and Redondo A 1996 Tonic immobility reaction and heterophil to lymphocyte ratio in hens from three Spanish breeds laying pink eggshells. Poultry Science 75(2): 155-159
8. Campo JL, Gil MG, Torres O and Davila SG 2001 Association between plumage condition and fear and stress levels in five breeds of chickens. Poultry Science 80(5): 549-552
9. Cummings KR 2004 Physiological responses of broiler chickens to heat stress and dietary electrolyte balance (sodium plus potassium minus chloride, milliequivalents per kilogram). Poultry Science 83(9): 1551-1558
10. Dawkins MS, Donnelly CA and Jones TA 2004 Chicken welfare is influenced more by housing conditions than by stocking density. Nature 427(6972): 342-344
11. de Jong IC, van Vorst AS, Erkens JHF, Ehhardt DA and Blokhuis HJ 2001 Determination of the circadian rhythm in plasma corticosterone and catecholamine concentrations in growing broiler breeders using intravenous cannulation. Physiology & Behavior 74(3): 299-304
12. de Jong IC, van Voorst S, Ehlhardt DA and Blokhuis HJ 2002 Effects of restricted feeding on physiological stress parameters in growing broiler breeders. British Poultry Science 43(2): 157-168
13. Dozier WA, Thaxton JP, Branton SL, Morgan GW, Miles DM, Roush WB, Lott BD and Vizzier-Thaxton Y 2005 Stocking density effects on growth performance and processing yields of heavy broilers. Poultry Science 84(8): 1332-1338
14. Dozier WA, Thaxton JP, Purswell JL, Olanrewaju HA, Branton SL and Roush WB 2006 Stocking density effects on male broilers grown to 1.8 kilograms of body weight. Poultry Science 85(2): 344-351
15. Ekstrand C, Carpenter TE, Andersson I and Algers B 1998 Prevalence and control of foot-pad dermatitis in broilers in Sweden. British Poultry Science 39(3): 318-324
16. Faure JM, Val-Laillet D, Guy G, Bernadet MD and Guemene D 2003 Fear and stress reactions in two species of duck and their hybrid. Hormones and Behavior 43(5): 568-572
17. Feddes JJR, Emmanuel EJ and Zuidhof MJ 2002 Broiler performance, body weight variance, feed and water intake, and carcass quality at different stocking densities. Poultry Science 81(6): 774-779
18. Gallup GGJ 1977 Tonic immobility: The role of fear and predation. Psychology Record 1: 41-46
19. Gross WB and Siegel HS 1983 Evaluation of the heterophil/ lymphocyte ratio as a measure of stress in chickens. Avian Diseases 27(4): 972-979
20. Gross WB and PB Siegel 1993 General principals of stress and welfare. In: Grandin T (ed) Livestock Handling and Transport pp 21-33. CAB International: Wallingford, UK
21. Hall AL 2001 The effect of stocking density on the welfare and behaviour of broiler chickens reared commercially. Animal Welfare 10(1): 23-40
22. Heiblum R, Aizenstein O, Gvaryahu G, Voet H, Robinzon B and Snapir N 1998 Tonic immobility and open field responses in domestic fowl chicks during the first week of life. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 60(4): 347-357
23. Hocking PM, Jones EKM and Picard M 2005 Assessing the welfare consequences of providing litter for feed-restricted broiler breeders. British Poultry Science 46(5): 545-552
24. Jones RB and Faure JM 1981 Sex and strain comparisons of tonic immobility (righting time) in the domestic chick and the effects of various methods of induction. Behavioural Processes 6: 47-55
25. Jones RB 1990 Is the experimenter an influential variable in studies in tonic immobility in the domestic fowl? Biology Behaviour 15: 93-103
26. Jones TA, Donnelly CA and Dawkins MS 2005 Environmental and management factors affecting the welfare of chickens on commercial farms in the United Kingdom and Denmark stocked at five densities. Poultry Science 84(8): 1155-1165
27. Leone EH and Estevez I 2007 Separating the effects of group size, stocking density and pen size in broilers. Poultry Science 86 (S1): 126
28. Littin KE and Cockrem JF 2001 Individual variation in corticosterone secretion in laying hens. British Poultry Science 42(4): 536-546
29. Lucas AM and Jamroz C 1961 Atlas of Avian Hematology. Agriculture Monograph 25. USDA: Washington, DC, USA
30. Martrenchar A, Huonnic D, Cotte JP, Boilletot E and Morisse JP 2000 Influence of stocking density, artificial dusk and group size on the perching behaviour of broilers. British Poultry Science 41 (2): 125-130
31. McLean JA, Savory CJ and Sparks NHC 2002 Welfare of male and female broiler chickens in relation to stocking density, as indicated by performance, health and behaviour. Animal Welfare 11(1): 55-73
32. Puron D, Santamaria R, Segura J and Alamilla J 1995 Broiler performance at different stocking densities. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 4: 55-60
33. Puvadolpirod S and Thaxton JP 2000 Model of physiological stress in chickens I. Response parameters. Poultry Science 79(3): 363-369
34. Ravindran V, Thomas DV, Thomas DG and Morel PCH 2006 Performance and welfare of broilers as affected by stocking density and zinc bacitracin supplementation. Animal Science Journal 77(1): 110-116
35. Sanotra GS, Lawson LG and Vestergaard KS 2001 Influence of stocking density on tonic immobility, lameness and tibial dyschondroplasia in broilers. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science 4(1): 71-87
36. SAS® Institute Inc 2001 SAS Users' Guide: Statistics Version 8.2. SAS Institute Inc: Cary, NC, USA
37. Scientific Committee on Animal Health and Animal Welfare (SCAHAW) 2000 The welfare of chickens kept for meat production (broilers). European Commission. Health & Consumer Protection Directorate-General. SANCO.B.3/AH/R15/2000
38. Shanawany MM 1988 Broiler performance under high stocking densities. British Poultry Science 29(1): 43-52
39. Silverin B 1998 Stress responses in birds. Poultry and Avian Biology Reviews 9(4): 153-168
40. Stub C and Vestergaard KS 2001 Influence of zinc bacitracin, light regimen and dustbathing on the health and welfare of broiler chickens. British Poultry Science 42(5): 564-568
41. Thaxton JP, Dozier WA, Branton SL, Morgan GW, Miles DW, Roush WB, Lott BD and Vizzier-Thaxton Y 2006 Stocking density and physiological adaptive responses of broilers. Poultry Science 85(5): 819-824
42. Thomas DG, Ravindran V, Thomas DV, Camden BJ, Cottam YH, Morel PCH and Cook CJ 2004 Influence of stocking density on the performance, carcass characteristics and selected welfare indicators of broiler chickens. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 52(2): 76-81