Association between plumage condition and fear and stress levels in five breeds of chickens

Poultry Science

Volumn 80, Issue 5, 2001, Pages 549-552

  Campo, J L ^a   Gil, M G ^a   Torres, O ^a   Davila, S G ^a  

^a INIA   (Spain)

Author keywords

Condition; Fear; Leukocyte ratio; Plumage; Stress; Tonic immobility

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; ANIMAL DISEASE; ANIMAL WELFARE; ARTICLE; BIRD DISEASE; BLOOD CELL COUNT; BREEDING; CHICKEN; CYTOLOGY; EGG LAYING; FEAR; FEATHER; FEMALE; GENETICS; LYMPHOCYTE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; STRESS;

ANIMAL WELFARE; ANIMALS; BLOOD CELL COUNT; BREEDING; CHICKENS; FEAR; FEATHERS; FEMALE; LYMPHOCYTES; OVIPOSITION; POULTRY DISEASES; STRESS;

EID: 0035348664     PISSN: 00325791     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/ps/80.5.549     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. Adams, A. W., J. V. Craig, and A. L. Bhagwat, 1978. Effects of flock size, age at housing, and mating experience on two strains of egg-type chickens in colony cages. Poultry Sci. 57:48-53.
2. Alodan, M. A., and M. M. Mashaly, 1999. Effect of induced molting in laying hens on production and immune parameters. Poultry Sci. 78:171-177.
3. Braastad, B. O., and J. Katle, 1989. Behavioral differences between laying hen populations selected for high and low efficiency of food utilization. Br. Poult. Sci. 30:533-544.
4. Campo, J. L., 1998. Conservation and genetical study of Spanish chicken breeds (1975-1998). Pages 155-158 in: Proceedings of the 6th World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production, Armidale, Australia.
5. Campo, J. L., and C. Alvarez, 1988. Genetics of the black-tailed red plumage pattern in Villafranquina chickens. Poultry Sci. 67:351-356.
6. Campo, J. L., and C. Alvarez, 1991. Tonic immobility of several Spanish breeds of hens. Arch. Geflügelk. 55:19-22.
7. Campo, J. L., and C. Alvarez, 1993. Genetics of the birchen and blue plumage patterns in Leonesa chickens. Poultry Sci. 72:1218-1223.
8. Campo, J. L., and F. Orozco, 1980. The action of the sex-linked barring gene on Spanish chickens with gold plumage. Ann. Genet. Sel. Anim. 12:233-239.
9. Campo, J. L., and F. Orozco, 1982. Conservation and genetical study of Spanish chicken breeds (6). Pages 88-93 in: Proceedings of the 2nd World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production, Madrid, Spain.
10. Choudary, M. R., A. W. Adams, and J. V. Craig, 1972. Effects of strain, age at flock assembly, and cage arrangement on behavior and productivity in White Leghorn type chickens. Poultry Sci. 51:1943-1950.
11. Gallup, G. G., 1979. Tonic immobility as a measure of fear in domestic fowl. Anim. Behav. 27:316-317.
12. Gross, W. B., and H. S. Siegel, 1983. Evaluation of the heterophil to lymphocyte ratio as a measure of stress in chickens. Avian. Dis. 27:972-979.
13. Hansen, R. S., 1976. Nervousness and hysteria of mature female chickens. Poultry Sci. 55:531-543.
14. Hembree, D. J., A. W. Adams, and J. V. Craig, 1980. Effects of force-molting by conventional and experimental light restriction methods on performance and agonistic behavior of hens. Poultry Sci. 59:215-223.
15. Hill, A. T., and J. R. Hunt, 1978. Layer cage depth effects on nervousness, feathering, shell breakage, performance, and net egg returns. Poultry Sci. 57:1204-1216.
16. Hughes, B. O., and I.J.H. Duncan, 1972. The influence of strain and environmental factors upon feather pecking and cannibalism in fowls. Br. Poult. Sci. 13:525-547.
17. Jones, R. B., and J. M. Faure, 1981. Sex and strain comparisons of tonic immobility ("righting time") in the domestic fowl and the effects of various methods of induction. Behav. Proc. 6:47-55.
18. Lucas, A. M., and C. Jamroz, 1961. Atlas of Avian Hematology. Agriculture Monograph 25. USDA, Washington, DC.
19. Maxwell, M. H., P. M. Hocking, and G. W. Robertson, 1992. Differential leukocyte responses to various degrees of food restriction in broilers, turkeys, and ducks. Br. Poult. Sci. 33:177-187.
20. Na-Lampang, P., and J. V. Craig, 1990. Cage-and floor-rearing effects on productivity, nervousness, feather condition, and livability of White Leghorn layers. Poultry Sci. 69:902-909.
21. Quart, M. D., and A. W. Adams, 1982. Effects of cage design and bird density on layers. 1. Productivity, feathering, and nervousness. Poultry Sci. 61:1606-1613.
22. Snedecor, G. W., and W. G. Cochran, 1980. Statistical Methods. 7th ed. Iowa State University Press, Ames, IA.
23. Sokal, R. R., and F. J. Rohlf, 1981. Biometry. Freeman and Co., London, UK.
24. Tauson, R., T. Ambrosen, and K. Elwinger, 1984. Evaluation of procedures for scoring the integument of laying hens. Independent scoring of plumage condition. Acta Agric. Scand. 34:400-408.
25. Webster, A. B., 2000. Behavior of White Leghorn laying hens after withdrawal of feed. Poultry Sci. 79:192-200.
26. Zulkifli, I., E. A. Dunnington, and P. B. Siegel, 1995. Age and psychogenic factors in response to food deprivation and refeeding in White Leghorn chickens. Arch. Geflügelk. 59:175-181.