Development and plasticity of intra- and intersensory information processing

Journal of the American Academy of Audiology

Volumn 19, Issue 10, 2008, Pages 780-798

  Polley, Daniel B ^a,b   Hillock, Andrea R ^a   Spankovich, Christopher ^a   Popescu, Maria V ^a   Royal, David W ^a   Wallace, Mark T ^a  

^a VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b NONE   (United States)

Author keywords

Animal model; Central auditory system; Development; Plasticity; Remediation

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ARTICLE; AUDIOLOGY; AUDITORY CORTEX; AUDITORY DISCRIMINATION; AUDITORY STIMULATION; AUDITORY SYSTEM; AUDITORY THRESHOLD; BASILAR MEMBRANE; COCHLEA; CONTROLLED STUDY; FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; HEARING; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; HYPOTHESIS; INFORMATION PROCESSING; LOW FREQUENCY NOISE; NEUROMODULATION; NONHUMAN; ONTOGENY; PLASTICITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAT; SENSORIMOTOR CORTEX; SENSORIMOTOR INTEGRATION; SENSORY CORTEX; SOMATOSENSORY SYSTEM; SOUND TRANSMISSION; SUPERIOR COLLICULUS; TONOTOPY;

ANIMALS; AUDITORY CORTEX; AUDITORY PATHWAYS; AUDITORY PERCEPTION; BRAIN MAPPING; HEARING; HUMANS; NEURONAL PLASTICITY; RESEARCH DESIGN; SUPERIOR COLLICULI; VISUAL PATHWAYS; VISUAL PERCEPTION;

EID: 65349086916     PISSN: 10500545     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3766/jaaa.19.10.6     Document Type: Article

References (143)

1. Ahissar M, Hochstein S. (1993) Attentional control of early perceptual learning. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90(12):5718-5722.
2. Bakin JS, South DA, Weinberger NM. (1996) Induction of receptive field plasticity in the auditory cortex of the guinea pig during instrumental avoidance conditioning. Behav Neurosci 110(5):905-913.
3. Bakin JS, Weinberger NM. (1990) Classical conditioning induces CS-specific receptive field plasticity in the auditory cortex of the guinea pig. Brain Res 536(1-2):271-286.
4. Bakin JS, Weinberger NM. (1996) Induction of a physiological memory in the cerebral cortex by stimulation of the nucleus basalis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93(20):11219-11224.
5. Bao S, Chan VT, Merzenich MM. (2001) Cortical remodelling induced by activity of ventral tegmental dopamine neurons. Nature 412(6842):79-83.
6. Bao S, Chang EF, Woods J, Merzenich MM. (2004) Temporal plasticity in the primary auditory cortex induced by operant perceptual learning. Nat Neurosci 7(9):974-981.
7. Beitel RE, Schreiner CE, Cheung SW, Wang X, Merzenich MM. (2003) Reward-dependent plasticity in the primary auditory cortex of adult monkeys trained to discriminate temporally modulated signals. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100(19):11070-11075.
8. Benedek G, Eordegh G, Chadaide Z, Nagy A. (2004) Distributed population coding of multisensory spatial information in the associative cortex. Eur J Neurosci 20(2):525-529.
9. Besle J, Fort A, Delpuech C, Giard MH. (2004) Bimodal speech: early suppressive visual effects in human auditory cortex. Eur J Neurosci 20(8):2225-2234.
10. Blake DT, Heiser MA, Caywood M, Merzenich MM. (2006) Experience-dependent adult cortical plasticity requires cognitive association between sensation and reward. Neuron 52(2):371-381.
11. Blake DT, Strata F, Churchland AK, Merzenich MM. (2002) Neural correlates of instrumental learning in primary auditory cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99(15):10114-10119.
12. Boothroyd A. (2007) Adult aural rehabilitation: what is it and does it work? Trends Amplif 11(2):63-71.
13. Brosch M, Selezneva E, Scheich H. (2005) Nonauditory events of a behavioral procedure activate auditory cortex of highly trained monkeys. J Neurosci 25(29):6797-6806.
14. Calvert GA, Bullmore ET, Brammer MJ, Campbell R, Williams SC, McGuire PK, Woodruff PW, Iversen SD, David AS. (1997) Activation of auditory cortex during silent lipreading. Science 276(5312):593-596.
15. Calvert GA, Spence C, Stein BE, eds. (2004). The Handbook of Multisensory Processes. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
16. Castren E, Zafra F, Thoenen H, Lindholm D. (1992) Light regulates expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA in rat visual cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89(20):9444-9448.
17. Chang EF, Bao S, Imaizumi K, Schreiner CE, Merzenich MM. (2005) Development of spectral and temporal response selectivity in the auditory cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102(45):16460-16465.
18. Chang EF, Merzenich MM. (2003) Environmental noise retards auditory cortical development. Science 300(5618):498-502.
19. Crowley DE, Hepp-Raymond MC. (1966) Development of cochlear function in the ear of the infant rat. J Comp Physiol Psychol 62: 427-432.
20. Cynader M, Timney BN, Mitchell DE. (1980) Period of susceptibility of kitten visual cortex to the effects of monocular deprivation extends beyond six months of age. Brain Res 191(2):545-550.
21. de Villers-Sidani E, Chang EF, Bao S, Merzenich MM. (2007) Critical period window for spectral tuning defined in the primary auditory cortex (A1) in the rat. J Neurosci 27(1):180-189.
22. Dorman MF, Sharma A, Gilley P, Martin K, Roland P. (2007) Central auditory development: evidence from CAEP measurements in children fit with cochlear implants. J Commun Disord 40(4):284-294.
23. Edeline JM, Pham P, Weinberger NM. (1993) Rapid development of learning-induced receptive field plasticity in the auditory cortex. Behav Neurosci 107(4):539-551.
24. Engineer ND, Percaccio CR, Pandya PK, Moucha R, Rathbun DL, Kilgard MP. (2004) Environmental enrichment improves response strength, threshold, selectivity, and latency of auditory cortex neurons. J Neurophysiol 92(1):73-82.
25. Foxe JJ, Wylie GR, Martinez A, Schroeder CE, Javitt DC, Guilfoyle D, Ritter W, Murray MM. (2002) Auditory-somatosensory multisensory processing in auditory association cortex: an fMRI study. J Neurophysiol 88(1):540-543.
26. Fritz J, Elhilali M, Shamma S. (2005) Differential dynamic plasticity of A1 receptive fields during multiple spectral tasks. J Neurosci 25(33):7623-7635.
27. Fritz J, Shamma S, Elhilali M, Klein D. (2003) Rapid task-related plasticity of spectrotemporal receptive fields in primary auditory cortex. Nat Neurosci 6(11):1216-1223.
28. Fu KM, Johnston TA, Shah AS, Arnold L, Smiley J, Hackett TA, Garraghty PE, Schroeder CE. (2003) Auditory cortical neurons respond to somatosensory stimulation. J Neurosci 23(20):7510-7515.
29. Fu QJ, Galvin JJ, 3rd. (2007) Perceptual learning and auditory training in cochlear implant recipients. Trends Amplif 11(3):193-205.
30. Fu QJ, Galvin JJ, 3rd. (2008) Maximizing cochlear implant patients' performance with advanced speech training procedures. Hear Res 242(1-2):198-208.
31. Fu QJ, Nogaki G, Galvin JJ, 3rd. (2005) Auditory training with spectrally shifted speech: implications for cochlear implant patient auditory rehabilitation. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 6(2):180-189.
32. Gaab N, Gabrieli JD, Deutsch GK, Tallal P, Temple E. (2007) Neural correlates of rapid auditory signal processing are disrupted in children with developmental dyslexia and ameliorated with training: an fMRI study. Restor Neurol Neurosci 25:295-310.
33. Gao E, Suga N. (2000) Experience-dependent plasticity in the auditory cortex and the inferior colliculus of bats: role of the corticofugal system. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97(14):8081-8086.
34. Geers AE. (2006) Factors influencing spoken language outcomes in children following early cochlear implantation. Adv Otorhinolaryngol 64:50-65.
35. Ghazanfar AA, Maier JX, Hoffman KL, Logothetis NK. (2005) Multisensory integration of dynamic faces and voices in rhesus monkey auditory cortex. J Neurosci 25(20):5004-5012.
36. Ghazanfar AA, Schroeder CE. (2006) Is neocortex essentially multisensory? Trends Cogn Sci 10(6):278-285.
37. Giard MH, Peronnet F. (1999) Auditory-visual integration during multimodal object recognition in humans: a behavioral and electrophysiological study. J Cogn Neurosci 11(5):473-490.
38. Gobbele R, Schurmann M, Forss N, Juottonen K, Buchner H, Hari R. (2003) Activation of the human posterior parietal and temporoparietal cortices during audiotactile interaction. Neuroimage 20(1):503-511.
39. Hairston WD, Burdette JH, Flowers DL, Wood FB, Wallace MT. (2005). Altered temporal profile of visual-auditory multisensory interactions in dyslexia. Exp Brain Res 166:474-480.
40. Han YK, Kover H, Insanally MN, Semerdjian JH, Bao S. (2007) Early experience impairs perceptual discrimination. Nat Neurosci 10(9):1191-1197.
41. Hanover JL, Huang ZJ, Tonegawa S, Stryker MP. (1999) Brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression induces precocious critical period in mouse visual cortex. J Neurosci 19(22):RC40.
42. Harrison JM, Warr WB. (1962) A study of the cochlear nuclei and ascending auditory pathways of the medulla. J Comp Neurol 119: 341-379.
43. Harrison RV, Gordon KA, Mount RJ. (2005) Is there a critical period for cochlear implantation in congenitally deaf children? Analyses of hearing and speech perception performance after implantation. Dev Psychobiol 46(3):252-261.
44. Hayes EA, Tiippana K, Nicol TG, Sams M, Kraus N. (2003) Integration of heard and seen speech: a factor in learning disabilities in children. Neurosci Lett 351(1):46-50.
45. Heil P, Rajan R, Irvine DR. (1994) Topographic representation of tone intensity along the isofrequency axis of cat primary auditory cortex. Hear Res 76(1-2):188-202.
46. Hensch TK. (2004) Critical period regulation. Annu Rev Neurosci 27:549-579.
47. Hensch TK, Fagiolini M, Mataga N, Stryker MP, Baekkeskov S, Kash SF. (1998) Local GABA circuit control of experience-dependent plasticity in developing visual cortex. Science 282(5393):1504-1508.
48. Imaizumi K, Priebe NJ, Crum PA, Bedenbaugh PH, Cheung SW, Schreiner CE. (2004) Modular functional organization of cat anterior auditory field. J Neurophysiol 92(1):444-457.
49. Imig TJ, Adrian HO. (1977) Binaural columns in the primary field (A1) of cat auditory cortex. Brain Res 138(2):241-257.
50. Ji W, Suga N. (2007) Serotonergic modulation of plasticity of the auditory cortex elicited by fear conditioning. J Neurosci 27(18): 4910-4918.
51. Jiang H, Lepore F, Ptito M, Guillemot JP. (1994a) Sensory interactions in the anterior ectosylvian cortex of cats. Exp Brain Res 101(3):385-396.
52. Jiang H, Lepore F, Ptito M, Guillemot JP. (1994b) Sensory modality distribution in the anterior ectosylvian cortex (AEC) of cats. Exp Brain Res 97(3):404-414.
53. Jiang W, Stein BE. (2003) Cortex controls multisensory depression in superior colliculus. J Neurophysiol 90(4):2123-2135.
54. Jiang W, Wallace MT, Jiang H, Vaughan JW, Stein BE. (2001) Two cortical areas mediate multisensory integration in superior colliculus neurons. J Neurophysiol 85(2):506-522.
55. Kayser C, Petkov CI, Augath M, Logothetis NK. (2005) Integration of touch and sound in auditory cortex. Neuron 48(2):373-384.
56. Kelly JB, Sally SL. (1988) Organization of auditory cortex in the albino rat: binaural response properties. J Neurophysiol 59(6): 1756-1769.
57. Keuroghlian AS, Knudsen EI. (2007) Adaptive auditory plasticity in developing and adult animals. Prog Neurobiol 82(3):109-121.
58. Kilgard MP, Merzenich MM. (1998) Cortical map reorganization enabled by nucleus basalis activity. Science 279(5357):1714-1718.
59. King AJ. (2004) The superior colliculus. Curr Biol 14(9):R335-338.
60. Kricos PB, Holmes AE. (1996) Efficacy of audiologic rehabilitation for older adults. J Am Acad Audiol 7(4):219-229.
61. Laasonen M, Tomma-Halme J, Lahti-Nuuttila P, Service E, Virsu V. (2000) Rate of information segregation in developmentally dyslexic children. Brain Lang 75(1):66-81.
62. Laasonen M, Service E, Virsu V. (2001) Temporal order and processing acuity of visual, auditory, and tactile perception in developmentally dyslexic young adults. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 1(4):394-410.
63. Laasonen M, Service E, Virsu V. (2002) Crossmodal temporal order and processing acuity in developmentally dyslexic young adults. Brain Lang 80(3):340-354.
64. Lee DS, Lee JS, Oh SH, Kim SK, Kim JW, Chung JK, Lee MC, Kim CS. (2001) Cross-modal plasticity and cochlear implants. Nature 409(6817):149-150.
65. Lee HJ, Kang E, Oh SH, Kang H, Lee DS, Lee MC, Kim CS. (2005) Preoperative differences of cerebral metabolism relate to the outcome of cochlear implants in congenitally deaf children. Hear Res 203(1-2):2-9.
66. Lewkowicz DJ. (1994) Development of intersensory perception in human infants. In: The Development of Intersensory Perception: Comparative Perspectives. Lewkowicz DJ, Lickliter R, eds. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
67. Lutkenhoner B, Lammertmann C, Simoes C, Hari R. (2002) Magnetoencephalographic correlates of audiotactile interaction. Neuroimage 15(3):509-522.
68. Manunta Y, Edeline JM. (1997) Effects of noradrenaline on frequency tuning of rat auditory cortex neurons. Eur J Neurosci 9(4):833-847.
69. Manunta Y, Edeline JM. (1998) Effects of noradrenaline on rate-level function of auditory cortex neurons: is there a "gating" effect of noradrenaline? Exp Brain Res 118(3):361-372.
70. McConkey Robbins A, Koch DB, Osberger MJ, Zimmerman-Phillips S, Kishon-Rabin L. (2004) Effect of age at cochlear implantation on auditory skill development in infants and toddlers. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 130(5):570-574.
71. Meredith MA, Keniston LR, Dehner LR, Clemo HR. (2006) Crossmodal projections from somatosensory area SIV to the auditory field of the anterior ectosylvian sulcus (FAES) in Cat: further evidence for subthreshold forms of multisensory processing. Exp Brain Res 172(4):472-484.
72. Meredith MA, Nemitz JW, Stein BE. (1987) Determinants of multisensory integration in superior colliculus neurons. 1 Temporal factors. J Neurosci 7:3215-3229.
73. Meredith MA, Stein BE. (1983) Interactions among converging sensory inputs in the superior colliculus. Science 221:389-391.
74. Meredith MA, Stein BE. (1985) Descending efferents from the superior colliculus relay integrated multisensory information. Science 227(4687):657-659.
75. Meredith MA, Stein BE. (1986a) Spatial factors determine the activity of multisensory neurons in cat superior colliculus. Brain Res 365:350-354.
76. Meredith MA, Stein BE. (1986b) Visual, auditory, and somatosensory convergence on cells in superior colliculus results in multisensory integration. J Neurophysiol 56:640-662.
77. Meredith MA, Stein BE. (1996) Spatial determinants of multi-sensory integration in cat superior colliculus neurons. J Neurophysiol 75(5):1843-1857.
78. Metherate R, Weinberger NM. (1989) Acetylcholine produces stimulus-specific receptive field alterations in cat auditory cortex. Brain Res 480(1-2):372-377.
79. Metherate R, Weinberger NM. (1990) Cholinergic modulation of responses to single tones produces tone-specific receptive field alterations in cat auditory cortex. Synapse 6(2):133-145.
80. Middlebrooks JC, Dykes RW, Merzenich MM. (1980) Binaural response-specific bands in primary auditory cortex (AI) of the cat: topographical organization orthogonal to isofrequency contours. Brain Res 181(1):31-48.
81. Miyamoto RT, Hay-McCutcheon MJ, Kirk KI, Houston DM, Bergeson-Dana T. (2008) Language skills of profoundly deaf children who received cochlear implants under 12 months of age: a preliminary study. Acta Otolaryngol 128(4):373-377.
82. Molholm S, Ritter W, Murray MM, Javitt DC, Schroeder CE, Foxe JJ. (2002) Multisensory auditory-visual interactions during early sensory processing in humans: a high-density electrical mapping study. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res 14(1):115-128.
83. Mower GD, Berry D, Burchfiel JL, Duffy FH. (1981) Comparison of the effects of dark rearing and binocular suture on development and plasticity of cat visual cortex. Brain Res 220(2):255-267.
84. Nagy A, Eordegh G, Benedek G. (2003) Spatial and temporal visual properties of single neurons in the feline anterior ectosylvian visual area. Exp Brain Res 151(1):108-114.
85. Nakamoto KT, Zhang J, Kitzes LM. (2004) Response patterns along an isofrequency contour in cat primary auditory cortex (AI) to stimuli varying in average and interaural levels. J Neurophysiol 91(1):118-135.
86. Nicholas JG, Geers AE. (2006) Effects of early auditory experience on the spoken language of deaf children at 3 years of age. Ear Hear 27(3):286-298.
87. O'Donoghue GM, Nikolopoulos TP, Archbold SM. (2000) Determinants of speech perception in children after cochlear implantation. Lancet 356(9228):466-468.
88. Ohl FW, Scheich H. (1997) Orderly cortical representation of vowels based on formant interaction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94(17):9440-9444.
89. Pekkola J, Ojanen V, Autti T, Jaaskelainen IP, Mottonen R, Tarkiainen A, Sams M. (2005) Primary auditory cortex activation by visual speech: an fMRI study at 3 T. Neuroreport 16(2):125-128.
90. Philibert B, Beitel RE, Nagarajan SS, Bonham BH, Schreiner CE, Cheung SW. (2005) Functional organization and hemispheric comparison of primary auditory cortex in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). J Comp Neurol 487(4):391-406.
91. Pichora-Fuller MK, Singh G. (2006) Effects of age on auditory and cognitive processing: implications for hearing aid fitting and audiologic rehabilitation. Trends Amplif 10(1):29-59.
92. Polley DB, Heiser MA, Blake DT, Schreiner CE, Merzenich MM. (2004) Associative learning shapes the neural code for stimulus magnitude in primary auditory cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101(46):16351-16356.
93. Polley DB, Read HL, Storace DA, Merzenich MM. (2007) Multiparametric auditory receptive field organization across five cortical fields in the albino rat. J Neurophysiol 97(5):3621-3638.
94. Polley DB, Steinberg EE, Merzenich MM. (2006) Perceptual learning directs auditory cortical map reorganization through top-down influences. J Neurosci 26(18):4970-4982.
95. Recanzone GH, Schreiner CE, Merzenich MM.(1993) Plasticity in the frequency representation of primary auditory cortex following discrimination training in adult owl monkeys. J Neurosci 13(1):87-103.
96. Recanzone GH, Schreiner CE, Sutter ML, Beitel RE, Merzenich MM. (1999) Functional organization of spectral receptive fields in the primary auditory cortex of the owl monkey. J Comp Neurol 415(4):460-481.
97. Rosen S, Faulkner A, Wilkinson L. (1999) Adaptation by normal listeners to upward spectral shifts of speech: implications for cochlear implants. J Acoust Soc Am 106(6):3629-3636.
98. Rouger J, Fraysse B, Deguine O, Barone P. (2008) McGurk effects in cochlear-implanted deaf subjects. Brain Res 1188:87-99.
99. Rouger J, Lagleyre S, Fraysse B, Deneve S, Deguine O, Barone P. (2007) Evidence that cochlear-implanted deaf patients are better multisensory integrators. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104(17): 7295-7300.
100. Rubinstein A, Boothroyd A. (1987) Effect of two approaches to auditory training on speech recognition by hearing-impaired adults. J Speech Hear Res 30(2):153-160.
101. Rutkowski RG, Weinberger NM. (2005) Encoding of learned importance of sound by magnitude of representational area in primary auditory cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102(38):13664-13669.
102. Scannell JW, Blakemore C, Young MP. (1995) Analysis of connectivity in the cat cerebral cortex. J Neurosci 15(2):1463-1483.
103. Scannell JW, Sengpiel F, Tovee MJ, Benson PJ, Blakemore C, Young MP. (1996) Visual motion processing in the anterior ectosylvian sulcus of the cat. J Neurophysiol 76(2):895-907.
104. Schreiner CE. (1998) Spatial distribution of responses to simple and complex sounds in the primary auditory cortex. Audiol Neurootol 3(2-3):104-122.
105. Schroeder CE, Lindsley RW, Specht C, Marcovici A, Smiley JF, Javitt DC. (2001) Somatosensory input to auditory association cortex in the macaque monkey. J Neurophysiol 85(3):1322-1327.
106. Schultz W. (2000) Multiple reward signals in the brain. Nat Rev Neurosci 1(3):199-207.
107. Schultz W, Dickinson A. (2000) Neuronal coding of prediction errors. Annu Rev Neurosci 23:473-500.
108. Seitz A, Watanabe T. (2005) A unified model for perceptual learning. Trends Cogn Sci 9(7):329-334.
109. Sharma A, Dorman MF, Kral A. (2005) The influence of a sensitive period on central auditory development in children with unilateral and bilateral cochlear implants. Hear Res 203(1-2):134-143.
110. Sharma A, Dorman MF, Spahr AJ. (2002) A sensitive period for the development of the central auditory system in children with cochlear implants: implications for age of implantation. Ear Hear 23(6):532-539.
111. Sharma A, Gilley PM, Dorman MF, Baldwin R. (2007) Deprivation-induced cortical reorganization in children with cochlear implants. Int J Audiol 46(9):494-499.
112. Sparks DL. (1986) Translation of sensory signals into commands for control of saccadic eye movements: role of primate superior colliculus. Physiol Rev 66(1):118-171.
113. Sparks DL, Groh JM. (1995) The superior colliculus: a window for viewing issues in integrative neuroscience. In: The Cognitive Neurosciences. Gazzaniga MS, ed. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
114. Stein B, Meredith M, Huneycutt W, McDade L. (1989) Behavioral indices of multisensory integration: orientation to visual cues is affected by auditory stimuli. J Cogn Neurosci 1:12-24.
115. Stein BE, Huneycutt WS, Meredith MA. (1988) Neurons and behavior: the same rules of multisensory integration apply. Brain Res 448:355-358.
116. Stein BE, Meredith MA. (1991) Functional organization of the superior colliculus. In: The Neural Basis of Visual Function. Leventhal AG, ed. Hampshire, UK: Macmillan.
117. Stein BE, Meredith MA. (1993) The Merging of the Senses. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
118. Stein BE, Wallace MT. (1996) Comparisons of cross-modality integration in midbrain and cortex. Prog Brain Res 112:289-299.
119. Sweetow R, Palmer CV. (2005) Efficacy of individual auditory training in adults: a systematic review of the evidence. J Am Acad Audiol 16(7):494-504.
120. Sweetow RW, Sabes JH. (2006) The need for and development of an adaptive Listening and Communication Enhancement (LACE) Program. J Am Acad Audiol 17(8):538-558.
121. Sweetow RW, Sabes JH. (2007) Technologic advances in aural rehabilitation: applications and innovative methods of service delivery. Trends Amplif 11(2):101-111.
122. Tamai Y, Miyashita E, Nakai M. (1989) Eye movements following cortical stimulation in the ventral bank of the anterior ectosylvian sulcus of the cat. Neurosci Res 7(2):159-163.
123. Temple E. Brain mechanisms in normal and dyslexic readers. (2002) Curr Opin Neurobiol 12(2):178-183.
124. Temple E, Deutsch GK, Poldrack RA, Miller SL, Tallal P, Merzenich MM, Gabrieli JD. (2003) Neural deficits in children with dyslexia ameliorated by behavioral remediation: evidence from functional MRI. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100(5):2860-2865.
125. Tremblay KL, Piskosz M, Souza P. (2003) Effects of age and age-related hearing loss on the neural representation of speech cues. Clin Neurophysiol 114(7):1332-1343.
126. van Wassenhove V, Grant KW, Poeppel D. (2005) Visual speech speeds up the neural processing of auditory speech. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102(4):1181-1186.
127. Wallace MT. (2004a) The development of multisensory integration. In: The Handbook of Multisensory Processes. Calvert GA, Spence C, Stein BE, eds. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
128. Wallace MT. (2004b) The development of multisensory processes. Cogn Process 5(2):69-83.
129. Wallace MT, Carriere BN, Perrault TJ, Jr, Vaughan JW, Stein BE. (2006) The development of cortical multisensory integration. J Neurosci 26(46):11844-11849.
130. Wallace MT, Meredith MA, Stein BE. (1992) Integration of multiple sensory modalities in cat cortex. Exp Brain Res 91(3): 484-488.
131. Wallace MT, Meredith MA, Stein BE. (1993) Converging influences from visual, auditory, and somatosensory cortices onto output neurons of the superior colliculus. J Neurophysiol 69(6): 1797-1809.
132. Wallace MT, Meredith MA, Stein BE. (1998) Multisensory integration in the superior colliculus of the alert cat. J Neurophysiol 80(2):1006-1010.
133. Wallace MT, Stein BE. (1994) Cross-modal synthesis in the midbrain depends on input from cortex. J Neurophysiol 71(1):429-432.
134. Wallace MT, Stein BE. (1997) Development of multisensory neurons and multisensory integration in cat superior colliculus. J Neurosci 17(7):2429-2444.
135. Wallace MT, Stein BE. (2007) Early experience determines how the senses will interact. J Neurophysiol 97(1):921-926.
136. Wallace MT, Wilkinson LK, Stein BE. (1996) Representation and integration of multiple sensory inputs in primate superior colliculus. J Neurophysiol 76(2):1246-1266.
137. White LE, Coppola DM, Fitzpatrick D. (2001) The contribution of sensory experience to the maturation of orientation selectivity in ferret visual cortex. Nature 411(6841):1049-1052.
138. Yoshinaga-Itano C. (2003) Early intervention after universal neonatal hearing screening: impact on outcomes. Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev 9(4):252-266.
139. Yoshinaga-Itano C, Apuzzo ML. (1998) The development of deaf and hard of hearing children identified early through the high-risk registry. Am Ann Deaf 143(5):416-424.
140. Yoshinaga-Itano C, Coulter D, Thomson V. (2000) The Colorado Newborn Hearing Screening Project: effects on speech and language development for children with hearing loss. J Perinatol 20(8, Pt. 2):S132-137.
141. Zhang, LI, Bao S, Merzenich MM. (2001) Persistent and specific influences of early acoustic environments on primary auditory cortex. Nat Neurosci 4(11):1123-1130.
142. Zhang LI, Bao S, Merzenich MM. (2002) Disruption of primary auditory cortex by synchronous auditory inputs during a critical period. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99(4):2309-2314.
143. Zwolan TA, Ashbaugh CM, Alarfaj A, Kileny PR, Arts HA, El-Kashlan HK, Telian SA. (2004) Pediatric cochlear implant patient performance as a function of age at implantation. Otol Neurotol 25(2):112-120.