Black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa)

Encyclopedia of Dietary Supplements

Volumn , Issue , 2004, Pages 41-54

  Fabricant, Daniel S ^a   Farnsworth, Norman R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 65249176869     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1081/E-EDS-120022095     Document Type: Chapter

References (73)

1. Farnsworth, N.R., NAPRALERT Database; University of Illinois at Chicago: Chicago, Illinois, 2003.
2. Onorato, J.; Henion, J.D., Evaluation of triterpene glycoside estrogenic activity using LC=MS and immunoaffinity extraction. Anal. Chem. 2001, 73 (19), 4704–4710.
3. Gumbinger, H.G.; Winterhoff, H.; Sourgens, H.; Kemper, F.H.; Wylde, R. Formation of compounds with antigonadotropic activity from inactive phenolic precursors. Contraception 1981, 23 (6), 661–666.
4. Winterhoff, H.; Gumbinger, H.G.; Sourgens, H. On the antigonadotropic activity of Lithospermum and Lycopus species and some of their phenolic constituents. Planta Med. 1988, 54 (2), 101–106.
5. Andary, C. Caffeic acid glucoside esters and their pharmacology. In Polyphenolic Phenomena; Scalbert, A., Ed.; INRA Editions: Paris, 1993; 237–245.
6. Ortiz de Urbina, J.J.; Martin, M.L.; Sevilla, M.A.; Montero, M.J.; Carron, R.; San Roman, L. Antispasmodic activity on rat smooth muscle of polyphenol compounds caffeic and protocatechic acids. Phytotherapy Research 1990, 4 (2), 71–76.
7. Saturnino, P.C. Anna; Saturnino, Carmela; De Martino Giovanni; Reyes, Nancy Lozano; Aquino, Rita. Flavonol glycosides from Aristeguietia discolor and their inhibitory activity on electrically-stimulated guinea pig ileum. International Journal of Pharmacognosy 1997, 35 (5), 305–312.
8. Trute, A.; Gross, J.; Mutschler, E.; Nahrstedt, A. In vitro antispasmodic compounds of the dry extract obtained from Hedera helix. Planta Med. 1997, 63 (2), 125–129.
9. Okamoto, R.; Sakamoto, S.; Noguchi, K. Effects of ferulic acid on FSH, LH and prolactin levels in serum and pituitary tissue of male rats (author’s transl). Nippon Naibunpi Gakkai Zasshi 1976, 52 (9), 953–958.
10. de Man, E.; Peeke, H.V., Dietary ferulic acid, biochanin A, and the inhibition of reproductive behavior in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix). Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 1982, 17 (3), 405–411.
11. Gorewit, R.C. Pituitary and thyroid hormone responses of heifers after ferulic acid administration. J. Dairy Sci. 1983, 66 (3), 624–629.
12. Ozaki, Y.; Ma, J.P., Inhibitory effects of tetramethylpyrazine and ferulic acid on spontaneous movement of rat uterus in situ. Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo) 1990, 38 (6), 1620–1623.
13. Kruse, S.O.; Lohning, A.; Pauli, G.F.; Winterhoff, H.; Nahrstedt, A. Fukiic and piscidic acid esters from the rhizome of Cimicifuga racemosa and the in vitro estrogenic activity of fukinolic acid. Planta Med. 1999, 65 (8), 763–764.
14. Struck, D.; Tegtmeier, M.; Harnischfeger, G. Flavones in extracts of C: racemosa. Planta Med. 1997, 63, 289.
15. Kennelly, E.J.; Baggett, S.; Nuntanakorn, P.; Ososki, A.L.; Mori, S.A.; Duke, J.; Coleton, M.; Kronenberg, F. Analysis of thirteen populations of black cohosh for formononetin. Phytomedicine 2002, 9 (5), 461–467.
16. Fabricant, D.; Li, W.; Chen, S.N.; Graham, J.; Fitzloff, J.; Fong, H.H.S.; Farnsworth, N.R. Geographical and diurnal variations of chemical constituents of C: racemosa (L.) Nutt. ASP & CRN Botanical Dietary Supplements: Natural Products at a Crossroads; Asilomar, CA, 2001.
17. Ramsey, G.W. A comparison of vegetative characteristics of several genera with those of the genus Cimicifuga (Ranunculaceae). SIDA 1988, 13 (1), 57–63.
18. Ramsey, G.W. Morphological considerations in the North American Cimicifuga (Ranunculaceae). Castanea 1987, 52 (2), 129–141.
19. Youngken, H. A, Textbook of Pharmacognosy, 4th Ed.; P. Blakiston’s Son and Co.: Philadelphia, 1936; Vol. xiv, 924.
20. Foldes, J. The actions of an extract of C. racemosa. Arzneimittelforschung 1959, 13, 623–624.
21. Baier-Jagodinski, G. Praxisstudie mit Cimisan bei klimakterischen Beschwerden, pra¨menstruellen Syndrom und Dysmenorrhoe. Natur Heilpraxis Naturmedizin 1995, 48, 1284–1288.
22. Liske, E.; Hanggi, W.; Henneicke-von Zepelin, H.H.; Boblitz, N.; Wustenberg, P.; Rahlfs, V.W. Physiological investigation of a unique extract of black cohosh (Cimicifugae racemosae rhizoma): a 6-month clinical study demonstrates no systemic estrogenic effect. J. Womens Health Gend Based Med. 2002, 11 (2), 163–174.
23. Mielnik, J. Cimicifuga racemosa in the treatment of neurovegetative symptoms in women in the perimenopausal period. Maturitas 1997, 27 (Supplement), 215.
24. Stoll, W. Phytotherapeutikum beeinflusst atrophisches Vaginalepithel Doppelblindversuch Cimicifuga vs. o¨strogenpra¨parat. Therapeutikon 1987, 1, 23–31.
25. Wuttke, W.; Seidlova-Wuttke, D.; Gorkow, C. The Cimicifuga preparation BNO 1055 vs. conjugated estrogens in a double-blind placebocontrolled study: effects on menopause symptoms and bone markers. Maturitas 2003, 44 (Suppl. 1), S67–S77.
26. Schlidge, E., Essay on the treatment of premenstrual and menopausal mood swings and depressive states. Ringelh. Biol. Umsch. 1964, 19 (2), 1822.
27. Stefan, H., An essay on the manifestations and therapy of hormone related female biopathic syndrome. Ringelh. Biol. Umsch. 1959, 10, 11(149–152), 157–162.
28. Vorberg, G. Therapy of climacteric complaints. Zeitschnrift fur Allgemeinmedizin 1984, 60, 626–629.
29. Warnecke, G. Influence of a phytopharmaceutical on climacteric complaints. Meizinische Welt 1985, 36, 871–874.
30. Stolze, H. Der andere Weg, klimacterische Beschwerden zu behandlen. Gyne 1982, 3, 14–16.
31. Liske, E., Therapeutic efficacy and safety of Cimicifuga racemosa for gynecologic disorders. Adv. Ther. 1998, 15 (1), 45–53.
32. Jacobson, J.S.; Troxel, A.B.; Evans, J.; Klaus, L.; Vahdat, L.; Kinne, D.; Lo, K.M.; Moore, A.; Rosenman, P.J.; Kaufman, E.L.; Neugut, A.I.; Grann, V.R. Randomized trial of black cohosh for the treatment of hot flashes among women with a history of breast cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. 2001, 19 (10), 2739–2745.
33. Hernandez Munoz, G.; Pluchino, S. Cimicifuga racemosa for the treatment of hot flushes in women surviving breast cancer. Maturitas 2003, 44 (Suppl. 1), S59–S65.
34. Georgiev, D.B.; Iordanova, E. Phytoestrogens— the alternative approach [abstract]. Maturitas 1997, 27 (Suppl.), P309.
35. Daiber, W. Klimakterische Beschwerden: ohne Hormone zum Erfolg. Arzt Prax. 1983, 35, 1946–1947.
36. Brucker, A., Essay on the phytotherapy of hormonal disorders in women. Med. Welt 1960, 44, 2331–2333.
37. Borrelli, F.; Ernst, E. Cimicifuga racemosa: a systematic review of its clinical efficacy. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 2002, 58 (4), 235–241.
38. Heizer, H., Criticism on Cimicifuga therapy in hormonal disorders in women. Med. Klin. 1960, 55, 232–333.
39. Petho, A., Klimakterische Beschwerden. Umsteelung einer Hormonbehandlung auf ein pflanzliches Gyna¨kologikum möglich Arzt Prax. 1987, 38, 1551–1553.
40. Stoll, W. Phytopharmacon influences atrophic vaginal epithelium: double-blind study— Cimicifuga vs. estrogenic substances. Therapeuticum 1987, 1, 23–31.
41. Russell, L.; Hicks, G.S.; Low, A.K.; Shepherd, J.M.; Brown, C.A. Phytoestrogens: a viable option? Am. J. Med. Sci. 2002, 324 (4), 185–188.
42. Huntley, A.; Ernst, E. A systematic review of the safety of black cohosh. Menopause 2003, 10 (1), 58–64.
43. Jarry, H.; Harnischfeger, G.; Duker, E., The endocrine effects of constituents of Cimicifuga racemosa. In vitro binding of constituents to estrogen receptors. Planta Med. 1985, 51 (4), 316–319.
44. Duker, E.M.; Kopanski, L.; Jarry, H.; Wuttke, W., Effects of extracts from Cimicifuga racemosa on gonadotropin release in menopausal women and ovariectomized rats. Planta Med. 1991, 57 (5), 420–424.
45. Jarry, H.; Harnischfeger, G. Endocrine effects of constituents of Cimicifuga racemosa. The effect on serum levels of pituitary hormones in ovariectomized rats. Planta Med. 1985, 51 (1), 46–49.
46. Eagon, C.L.; Elm, M.S.; Eagon, P.K. Estrogenicity of traditional Chinese and Western herbal remedies. Proceeding of the American Association for Cancer Research 1996, 37, 284.
47. Zava, D.T.; Dollbaum, C.M.; Blen, M. Estrogen and progestin bioactivity of foods, herbs, and spices. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 1998, 217 (3), 369–378.
48. Liu, J.; Burdette, J.E.; Xu, H.; Gu, C.; van Breemen, R.B.; Bhat, K.P.; Booth, N.; Constantinou, A.I.; Pezzuto, J.M.; Fong, H.H.; Farnsworth, N.R.; Bolton, J.L. Evaluation of estrogenic activity of plant extracts for the potential treatment of menopausal symptoms. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2001, 49 (5), 2472–2479.
49. Jarry, H.; Metten, M.; Spengler, B.; Christoffel, V.; Wuttke, W. In vitro effects of the Cimicifuga racemosa extract BNO 1055. Maturitas 2003, 44 (Suppl. 1), S31–S318.
50. Jarry, H.; Leonhardt, S.; Duls, C.; Popp, M.; Christoffel, V.; Spengler, B.; Theiling, K.; Wuttke, W. Organ specific effects of C: racemosa in brain and uterus. 23rd International LOFSymposium on Phyto-Oestrogens, Belgium, 1999.
51. Liu, Z.P.; Yu, B.; Huo, J.S.; Lu, C.Q.; Chen, J.S., Estrogenic effects of Cimicifuga racemosa (black cohosh) in mice and on estrogen receptors in MCF-7 cells. J. Med. Food 2001, 4 (3), 171–178.
52. Amato, P.; Christophe, S.; Mellon, P.L. Estrogenic activity of herbs commonly used as remedies for menopausal symptoms. Menopause 2002, 9 (2), 145–150.
53. Eagon, P.K.; Tress, N.B.; Ayer, H.A.; Wiese, J.M.; Henderson, T.; Elm, M.S.; Eagon, C.L. Medicinal botanicals with hormonal activity. Proceeding of the American Association for Cancer Research 1999, 40, 161–162.
54. Freudenstein, J.; Dasenbrock, C.; Nisslein, T. Lack of promotion of estrogen-dependent mammary gland tumors in vivo by an isopropanolic Cimicifuga racemosa extract. Cancer Res. 2002, 62 (12), 3448–3452.
55. Lohning, A.; Verspohl, E.; Winterhoff, H. Pharmacological studies on the dopaminergic activity of C. racemosa. 23rd International LOF-Symposium on Phyto-Oestrogens, Belgium, 1999.
56. Seidlova-Wuttke, D.; Jarry, H.; Becker, T.; Chritoffel, V.; Wuttke, W. Pharmacology of Cimicifuga racemosa extract BNO 1055 in rats: bone, fat and uterus. Maturitas 2003, 44 (Suppl. 1), S39–S50.
57. Nisslein, T.; Freudenstein, J., Effects of black cohosh on urinary bone markers and femoral density in an ovx-rat model. Osteoporosis International 2000, (abstract 504).
58. Li, J.X.; Kadota, S.; Li, H.Y.; Miyahara, T.; Wu, Y.W.; Seto, H.; Namba, T. Effects of Cimicifugae rhizoma on serum calcium and phosphate levels in low calcium dietary rats and bone mineral density in ovariectomized rats. Phytomedicine 1997, 3 (4), 379–385.
59. Li, J.X.; Kadota, S.; Li, H.Y.; Miyahara, T.; Namba, T. The effect of traditional medicines on bone resorption induced by parathyroid hormone (PTH) in tissue culture: a detailed study on cimicifuga rhizoma. J. Trad. Med. 1996, 13, 50–58.
60. Johnson, E.B.; Muto, M.G.; Yanushpolsky, E.H.; Mutter, G.L., Phytoestrogen supplementation and endometrial cancer. Obstet. Gynaecol. 2001, 98 (5 Pt 2), 947–950.
61. Eagon, C.L.; Elm, M.S.; Teepe, A.G.; Eagon, P.K. Medicinal botanicals: estrogenicity in rat uterus and liver. Proceeding of the American Association for Cancer Research 1997, 38, 293.
62. Einer-Jensen, N.; Zhao, J.; Andersen, K.P.; Kristoffersen, K. Cimicifuga and Melbrosia lack oestrogenic effects in mice and rats. Maturitas 1996, 25 (2), 149–153.
63. Liu, Z.; Yang, Z.; Zhu, M.; Huo, J. Estrogenicity of black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa) and its effect on estrogen receptor level in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu 2001, 30 (2), 77–80.
64. Burdette, J.E.; Liu, J.; Chen, S.-N.; Fabricant, D.S.; Piersen, C.E.; Barker, E.L.; Pezzuto, J.M.; Mesecar, A.; van Breemen, R.B.; Farnsworth, N.R.; Bolton, J.L., Black cohosh acts as a mixed competitive ligand and partial agonist of the serotonin receptor. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2003, 51 (19), 5661–5670.
65. Zierau, O.; Bodinet, C.; Kolba, S.; Wulf, M.; Vollmer, G. Antiestrogenic activities of Cimicifuga racemosa extracts. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 2002, 80 (1), 125–130.
66. Lohning, A.; Winterhoff, H. Neurotransmitter concentrations after three weeks treatment with Cimicifuga racemosa (abstract). Phytomedicine 2000, 7 (Suppl. 2), 13.
67. Borrelli, F.; Izzo, A.A.; Ernst, E. Pharmacological effects of Cimicifuga racemosa. Life Sci. 2003, 73 (10), 1215–1229.
68. Burdette, J.E.; Chen, S.N.; Lu, Z.Z.; Xu, H.; White, B.E.; Fabricant, D.S.; Liu, J.; Fong, H.H.; Fransworth, N.R.; Constantinou, A.I.; Van Breemen, R.B.; Pezzuto, J.M.; Bolton, J.L. Black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa L.) protects against menadione-induced DNA damage through scavenging of reactive oxygen species: bioassay-directed isolation and characterization of active principles. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2002, 50 (24), 7022–7028.
69. Mahady, G.B.; Fong, H.H.S.; Farnsworth, N.R. Botanical Dietary Supplements: Quality, Safety and Efficacy; Swets & Zeitlinger: Lisse, 2001; 350.
70. Black cohosh—standards of analysis, quality control and therapeutics. In American Herbal Pharmacopoeia and Therapeutic Compendium; Upton, R., Ed.; AHP: Santa Cruz, 2002, 37 p.
71. Barnes, J.; Mills, S.Y.; Abbot, N.C.; Willoughby, M.; Ernst, E. Different standards for reporting ADRs to herbal remedies and conventional OTC medicines: face-to-face interviews with 515 users of herbal remedies. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 1998, 45 (5), 496–500.
72. Pharmacological Forum, 2002, 28 (5).
73. The Complete German Commission E Monographs: Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines; Blumenthal, M., Busse, W., Hall, T., Goldberg, A., Grunwald, J., Riggins, C.W., Rister, R.S., Eds.; Integrative Medicine Communications: Boston, 1998; 685.