메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 56, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 40-71

Physical activity in leisure time: Impact on mortality. Risk and benefits

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATHLETE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CIGARETTE SMOKING; DEATH; DOPING; EXERCISE; EXERCISE INTENSITY; FITNESS; HEART ARREST; HUMAN; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; JOGGING; LEISURE; LIFE SATISFACTION; LIFE STRESS; LONGEVITY; MORTALITY; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK REDUCTION; SOCIAL STATUS; SUDDEN DEATH; WELLBEING; ADULT; AGED; DENMARK; FEMALE; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MOTOR ACTIVITY; SPORT; STATISTICS;

EID: 64549107646     PISSN: 16039629     EISSN: 16039629     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (42)

References (190)
  • 1
    • 0038693081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of a new self-report instrument for measuring physical activity
    • Aadahl M, Jørgensen T. Validation of a new self-report instrument for measuring physical activity. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003;35:1196-1202.
    • (2003) Med Sci Sports Exerc , vol.35 , pp. 1196-1202
    • Aadahl, M.1    Jørgensen, T.2
  • 6
    • 0343674514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • All-cause mortality associated with physical activity during leisure time, work, sports and cycling to work
    • Andersen LB, Schnohr P, Schroll M, Hein HO. All-cause mortality associated with physical activity during leisure time, work, sports and cycling to work. Arch Intern Med 2000;160:1621-1628.
    • (2000) Arch Intern Med , vol.160 , pp. 1621-1628
    • Andersen, L.B.1    Schnohr, P.2    Schroll, M.3    Hein, H.O.4
  • 7
    • 0025959101 scopus 로고
    • An updated coronary risk profile:A statement for health professionals
    • Anderson KM, Wilson PWF, Odell PM, Kannel WB. An updated coronary risk profile:A statement for health professionals. Circulation 1991;83:356-362.
    • (1991) Circulation , vol.83 , pp. 356-362
    • Anderson, K.M.1    Wilson, P.W.F.2    Odell, P.M.3    Kannel, W.B.4
  • 8
    • 0024572531 scopus 로고
    • The Copenhagen City Heart Study. Østerbroundersøgelsen. A book of tables with data from the first examination (1976-78) and a five year follow-up (1981-83)
    • Appleyard M, Hansen AT, Schnohr P, Jensen G, Nyboe J. The Copenhagen City Heart Study. Østerbroundersøgelsen. A book of tables with data from the first examination (1976-78) and a five year follow-up (1981-83). Scand J Soc Med 1989; 170 (suppl 41):1-160.
    • (1989) Scand J Soc Med , vol.170 , Issue.SUPPL. 41 , pp. 1-160
    • Appleyard, M.1    Hansen, A.T.2    Schnohr, P.3    Jensen, G.4    Nyboe, J.5
  • 9
    • 0033231737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the relationships of education and income with mortality:the national longitudinal mortality study
    • Backlund E, Sorlie PD, Johnson NJ. A comparison of the relationships of education and income with mortality:the national longitudinal mortality study. Social Science & Medicine 149;49:1373-1384.
    • Social Science & Medicine , vol.149 , Issue.49 , pp. 1373-1384
    • Backlund, E.1    Sorlie, P.D.2    Johnson, N.J.3
  • 10
    • 34447520136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fasting compared with nonfasting triglycerides and risk of cardiovascular events in women
    • Barisal S, Buring JE, Rifai N, Mora S, Sacks FM, Ridker PM. Fasting compared with nonfasting triglycerides and risk of cardiovascular events in women. JAMA 2007;298:309-316.
    • (2007) JAMA , vol.298 , pp. 309-316
    • Barisal, S.1    Buring, J.E.2    Rifai, N.3    Mora, S.4    Sacks, F.M.5    Ridker, P.M.6
  • 11
    • 9944239444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low physical activity as a predictor for total and cardiovascular disease mortality in middle-aged men and women in Finland
    • Barengo NC, Hu G, Lakka TA. Pekkarinen H, Nissinen A, Tuomilehto J. Low physical activity as a predictor for total and cardiovascular disease mortality in middle-aged men and women in Finland: Eur Heart J 2004;25:2204-2211.
    • (2004) Eur Heart J , vol.25 , pp. 2204-2211
    • Barengo, N.C.1    Hu, G.2    Lakka, T.A.3    Pekkarinen, H.4    Nissinen, A.5    Tuomilehto, J.6
  • 12
    • 33646114049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Different forms of physical activity and cardiovascular risk factors among 24-64-year-old men and women in Finland
    • Barengo NC, Kastarinen M, Lakka T, Nissinen A, Tuomilehto J. Different forms of physical activity and cardiovascular risk factors among 24-64-year-old men and women in Finland. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2006;13:51-59.
    • (2006) Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil , vol.13 , pp. 51-59
    • Barengo, N.C.1    Kastarinen, M.2    Lakka, T.3    Nissinen, A.4    Tuomilehto, J.5
  • 13
    • 0017625192 scopus 로고
    • Marathon running and immunity to atherosclerosis
    • Bassler TJ. Marathon running and immunity to atherosclerosis. Ann N Y Sci. 1977:301:579-592.
    • (1977) Ann N Y Sci , vol.301 , pp. 579-592
    • Bassler, T.J.1
  • 14
    • 0034702233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of observational studies and randomized, controlled trials
    • Benson K, Hartz AJ. A comparison of observational studies and randomized, controlled trials. N Eng J Med 2000:342:1878-1886
    • (2000) N Eng J Med , vol.342 , pp. 1878-1886
    • Benson, K.1    Hartz, A.J.2
  • 20
    • 0035012889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is physical activity or physical fitness more important in defining health benefits?
    • Blair SN, Cheng Y, Holder JS. Is physical activity or physical fitness more important in defining health benefits? Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001;33, Suppl S379-S399.
    • (2001) Med Sci Sports Exerc , vol.33 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Blair, S.N.1    Cheng, Y.2    Holder, J.S.3
  • 22
    • 24644484388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical activity of moderate intensity in leisure time and the risk of all cause mortality
    • Bucksch J. Physical activity of moderate intensity in leisure time and the risk of all cause mortality. Br J Sports Med 2005;39:632-638.
    • (2005) Br J Sports Med , vol.39 , pp. 632-638
    • Bucksch, J.1
  • 23
    • 64549134576 scopus 로고
    • Copenhagen, Einar Munksgaard
    • Bøje O. Idrætsmedicin. Copenhagen 1942. Einar Munksgaard.
    • (1942) Idrætsmedicin
    • Bøje, O.1
  • 27
    • 0034702175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized, controlled trials, observational studies, and the hierarchy of research designs
    • Concato J, Shah N, Horwitz RI. Randomized, controlled trials, observational studies, and the hierarchy of research designs. N Engl J Med 2000;342: 1887-1892.
    • (2000) N Engl J Med , vol.342 , pp. 1887-1892
    • Concato, J.1    Shah, N.2    Horwitz, R.I.3
  • 28
    • 0242353624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does sports activity enhance the risk of sudden death in adolescents and young adults?
    • Corrado D, Basso C, Rizzoli G, Schiavon M, Thieme G. Does sports activity enhance the risk of sudden death in adolescents and young adults? J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;42:1959-1963.
    • (2003) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.42 , pp. 1959-1963
    • Corrado, D.1    Basso, C.2    Rizzoli, G.3    Schiavon, M.4    Thieme, G.5
  • 30
    • 64549139646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dansk Sportslexicon, Lundqvist Andersen A, Budtz-Jorgensen J, Gay V, editors. Standard Forlaget, 1944, Copenhagen.
    • Dansk Sportslexicon, Lundqvist Andersen A, Budtz-Jorgensen J, Gay V, editors. Standard Forlaget, 1944, Copenhagen.
  • 32
    • 84939218739 scopus 로고
    • The mortality of doctors in relation to their smoking habits
    • Doll R, Hill AB. The mortality of doctors in relation to their smoking habits. BMJ 1954;1:1451-1455.
    • (1954) BMJ , vol.1 , pp. 1451-1455
    • Doll, R.1    Hill, A.B.2
  • 37
    • 63849144245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure is the most important cause of death and disability in the world
    • Feng JH, MacGregor GA. Blood pressure is the most important cause of death and disability in the world. Eur heart J 2007;9 (suppl. B):B23-B28.
    • (2007) Eur heart J , vol.9 , Issue.SUPPL. B
    • Feng, J.H.1    MacGregor, G.A.2
  • 40
    • 0035242622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between physical activity and markers of inflammation in a healthy elderly population
    • Geffken DF, Gusman M, Burke GL, Polak JF, Sakkinen PA, Tracy RP. Association between physical activity and markers of inflammation in a healthy elderly population. Am J Epidemiol 2001;153:242-250.
    • (2001) Am J Epidemiol , vol.153 , pp. 242-250
    • Geffken, D.F.1    Gusman, M.2    Burke, G.L.3    Polak, J.F.4    Sakkinen, P.A.5    Tracy, R.P.6
  • 42
    • 85031840293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Graham I, Atar A, Borch-Johnsen K, Boysen G, Burell G, Cifkova R, Dallongeville J, De Backer G, Ebrahim S, Gjelsvik B, Herrmann-Lingen C, Hoes A, Humphries S, Knapton M, Perk J, Priori SG, Pyörälä K, Reiner Z, Ruilope L, Sans-Menendez S, Reimer WSO, Weissberg P, Wood D, Yarnell J. Zamorano JL. European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice:executive summary Fourth Joint Task Force of European Society of Cardiology and other Societies on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2007;14 (Supp 2):E1-E40.
    • Graham I, Atar A, Borch-Johnsen K, Boysen G, Burell G, Cifkova R, Dallongeville J, De Backer G, Ebrahim S, Gjelsvik B, Herrmann-Lingen C, Hoes A, Humphries S, Knapton M, Perk J, Priori SG, Pyörälä K, Reiner Z, Ruilope L, Sans-Menendez S, Reimer WSO, Weissberg P, Wood D, Yarnell J. Zamorano JL. European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice:executive summary Fourth Joint Task Force of European Society of Cardiology and other Societies on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2007;14 (Supp 2):E1-E40.
  • 45
    • 0033807683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wine and mortality. Evidence for casual inference? Thesis. Dan Med Bull
    • Grønbæk M. Wine and mortality. Evidence for casual inference? Thesis. Dan Med Bull 2000;47:271-282.
    • (2000) , vol.47 , pp. 271-282
    • Grønbæk, M.1
  • 47
    • 0029971229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of leisure time physical activity associated with decreased risk of premature all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in middle-aged men
    • Haapanen N, Miilunpalo S, Vuori I, Oja P, Pasanen M. Characteristics of leisure time physical activity associated with decreased risk of premature all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in middle-aged men. Am J Epidemiol 1996;143:870-880.
    • (1996) Am J Epidemiol , vol.143 , pp. 870-880
    • Haapanen, N.1    Miilunpalo, S.2    Vuori, I.3    Oja, P.4    Pasanen, M.5
  • 48
    • 0016175285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hagerup L. Coronary heart disease risk factors in men and women. Thesis. Acta Med Scand 1974;Suppl 557.
    • Hagerup L. Coronary heart disease risk factors in men and women. Thesis. Acta Med Scand 1974;Suppl 557.
  • 50
    • 0027293190 scopus 로고
    • Various intensities of leisure time physical activity in patients with coronary artery disease: Effects on cardio-respiratory fitness and progression of coronary atherosclerotic lesions
    • Hambrecht R, Niebauer J, Marburger C, Grunze M, Kälberer B, Hauer K, Schlierf G, Kübler W, Schuler G. Various intensities of leisure time physical activity in patients with coronary artery disease: Effects on cardio-respiratory fitness and progression of coronary atherosclerotic lesions. J AM Coll Cardiol 1993;22:468-477.
    • (1993) J AM Coll Cardiol , vol.22 , pp. 468-477
    • Hambrecht, R.1    Niebauer, J.2    Marburger, C.3    Grunze, M.4    Kälberer, B.5    Hauer, K.6    Schlierf, G.7    Kübler, W.8    Schuler, G.9
  • 52
    • 0029971229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of leisure time physical activity associated with decreased risk of premature all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in middle-aged men
    • Haapanen N, Miilunpalo S, Vuori I, Oja P, Pasanen M. Characteristics of leisure time physical activity associated with decreased risk of premature all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in middle-aged men. Am J Epidemiol 1996;143:870-880.
    • (1996) Am J Epidemiol , vol.143 , pp. 870-880
    • Haapanen, N.1    Miilunpalo, S.2    Vuori, I.3    Oja, P.4    Pasanen, M.5
  • 53
    • 0018842309 scopus 로고
    • Relation of diet to high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol in middle-aged marathon runners, joggers and inactive men
    • Hartung GH, Foreyt JP, Mitchell RE, Vlasek I, Gotto AM. Relation of diet to high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol in middle-aged marathon runners, joggers and inactive men. N Engl J Med 1980;302:357-361.
    • (1980) N Engl J Med , vol.302 , pp. 357-361
    • Hartung, G.H.1    Foreyt, J.P.2    Mitchell, R.E.3    Vlasek, I.4    Gotto, A.M.5
  • 54
    • 0019080084 scopus 로고
    • Strenous physical activity, treadmill exercise test performance and plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The Lipid Research Clinics Prevalence Study
    • IV:IV-53-IV-61
    • Haskell WL, Taylor HL, Wood P D, Schrott H, Heiss G. Strenous physical activity, treadmill exercise test performance and plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The Lipid Research Clinics Prevalence Study Circulation 1980;62 (suppl IV):IV-53-IV-61.
    • (1980) Circulation , vol.62 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Haskell, W.L.1    Taylor, H.L.2    Wood, P.D.3    Schrott, H.4    Heiss, G.5
  • 55
    • 0027051296 scopus 로고
    • Physical finess or physical activity as a predictor of ischaemic heart disease? A 17-year follow-up in the Copenhagen Male Study
    • Hein HO, Suadicani P, Gyntelberg F. Physical finess or physical activity as a predictor of ischaemic heart disease? A 17-year follow-up in the Copenhagen Male Study J Intern Med 1992;232:471-479.
    • (1992) J Intern Med , vol.232 , pp. 471-479
    • Hein, H.O.1    Suadicani, P.2    Gyntelberg, F.3
  • 56
    • 31844443695 scopus 로고
    • The environment and disease:Association or causation?
    • Hill AB. The environment and disease:Association or causation? Proc Royal Soc Med. 1965;58:295-300.
    • (1965) Proc Royal Soc Med , vol.58 , pp. 295-300
    • Hill, A.B.1
  • 57
    • 15944372906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical activity, cardiovascular risk factors, and mortality among Finnish adults with diabetes
    • Hu G, Qiau Q, Jousilahti P, Lakka TA, Barengo NC, Tuomilehto, J. Physical activity, cardiovascular risk factors, and mortality among Finnish adults with diabetes. Diabetes Care 2005:28:799-805.
    • (2005) Diabetes Care , vol.28 , pp. 799-805
    • Hu, G.1    Qiau, Q.2    Jousilahti, P.3    Lakka, T.A.4    Barengo, N.C.5    Tuomilehto, J.6
  • 58
    • 0028047602 scopus 로고
    • Exercise training confers anticipatory protection from sudden death during acute myocardial ischemia
    • Hull SS, Vanoli E, Adamson PB, Verrier RL, Foreman RD, Schwartz PJ. Exercise training confers anticipatory protection from sudden death during acute myocardial ischemia. Circulation 1994;89:548-552.
    • (1994) Circulation , vol.89 , pp. 548-552
    • Hull, S.S.1    Vanoli, E.2    Adamson, P.B.3    Verrier, R.L.4    Foreman, R.D.5    Schwartz, P.J.6
  • 59
    • 64549154813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iversen A, Jensen JS, Scharling, Schnohr P. Hypercholesterolaemia and risk of coronary heart disease in the elderly:Impact of age. The Copenhagen City Heart Study. For J Intern Med 2008. In press..
    • Iversen A, Jensen JS, Scharling, Schnohr P. Hypercholesterolaemia and risk of coronary heart disease in the elderly:Impact of age. The Copenhagen City Heart Study. For J Intern Med 2008. In press..
  • 60
    • 0021297423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Jensen G. Epidemiology of chest pain and angina pectoris, with special reference to treatment needs. Thesis. Acta Med Scand 1984;suppl 682.
    • Jensen G. Epidemiology of chest pain and angina pectoris, with special reference to treatment needs. Thesis. Acta Med Scand 1984;suppl 682.
  • 61
    • 0033898125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High triglycerides and low HDL cholesterol and blood pressure and risk of ischemic heart disease
    • Jeppesen J, Hein HO, Suadicani P, Gyntelberg F. High triglycerides and low HDL cholesterol and blood pressure and risk of ischemic heart disease. Hypertension 2000;36:226-232.
    • (2000) Hypertension , vol.36 , pp. 226-232
    • Jeppesen, J.1    Hein, H.O.2    Suadicani, P.3    Gyntelberg, F.4
  • 63
    • 72949132104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kannel WB, Dawber TR, Kagan A. Revotskie N, Stokes J, III. Factors of risk in the development of coronary heart disease - six-year follow-up experience. The Framingham Study. Ann Intern Med 1961:55:33-50.
    • Kannel WB, Dawber TR, Kagan A. Revotskie N, Stokes J, III. Factors of risk in the development of coronary heart disease - six-year follow-up experience. The Framingham Study. Ann Intern Med 1961:55:33-50.
  • 64
    • 0015041717 scopus 로고
    • Systolic versus diastolic blood pressure and the risk of coronary heart disease. The Framingham Study
    • Kannel WB, Gordon T Schwartz MJ. Systolic versus diastolic blood pressure and the risk of coronary heart disease. The Framingham Study. Amer J Cardiol 1971:27:335-346.
    • (1971) Amer J Cardiol , vol.27 , pp. 335-346
    • Kannel, W.B.1    Gordon, T.2    Schwartz, M.J.3
  • 66
    • 0014976138 scopus 로고
    • Serum cholesterol, lipo-proteins, and risk of coronary heart disease. The Framingham Study
    • Kannel WB, Castelli WP, Gordon T, McNamara PM. Serum cholesterol, lipo-proteins, and risk of coronary heart disease. The Framingham Study. Ann Intern Med 1971;74:1-12.
    • (1971) Ann Intern Med , vol.74 , pp. 1-12
    • Kannel, W.B.1    Castelli, W.P.2    Gordon, T.3    McNamara, P.M.4
  • 67
    • 0018639203 scopus 로고
    • Some health benefits of physical activity: The Framingham Study
    • Kannel WB, Sorlie PS. Some health benefits of physical activity: the Framingham Study. Arch Intern Med 1979;139:857-861.
    • (1979) Arch Intern Med , vol.139 , pp. 857-861
    • Kannel, W.B.1    Sorlie, P.S.2
  • 68
    • 0029848092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural history of leisure-time physical activity and its correlates: Associations with mortality from all causes and cardiovascular disease over 28 years
    • Kaplan GA, Strawbridge WJ, Cohen RD, Hungerford LR. Natural history of leisure-time physical activity and its correlates: Associations with mortality from all causes and cardiovascular disease over 28 years. Am J Epidemiol 1996;144:793-797.
    • (1996) Am J Epidemiol , vol.144 , pp. 793-797
    • Kaplan, G.A.1    Strawbridge, W.J.2    Cohen, R.D.3    Hungerford, L.R.4
  • 70
    • 18944393401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of physical activity on serum C-reactive protein and inflammatory markers
    • Kasapis C, Thompson PD. The effects of physical activity on serum C-reactive protein and inflammatory markers. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;45:1563-1569.
    • (2005) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.45 , pp. 1563-1569
    • Kasapis, C.1    Thompson, P.D.2
  • 71
    • 33645992789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of physical activity on abdominal fat: A systematic review of the literature
    • Kay SJ, Singh MAF. The influence of physical activity on abdominal fat: a systematic review of the literature. Obesity 2006;7:183-200.
    • (2006) Obesity , vol.7 , pp. 183-200
    • Kay, S.J.1    Singh, M.A.F.2
  • 73
    • 17344381072 scopus 로고
    • Coronary Heart Disease in seven countries
    • Keys A. ed, :I-1-I-211
    • Keys A. ed. Coronary Heart Disease in seven countries. Circulation 1970;41 (suppl 1):I-1-I-211.
    • (1970) Circulation , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 41
  • 77
    • 0027167905 scopus 로고
    • Total serum cholesterol levels and mortality risk as a function of age
    • Kronmal RA, Cain KC, Ye Z, Omenn GS. Total serum cholesterol levels and mortality risk as a function of age. Arch Intern Med. 1993:153:1065-1073.
    • (1993) Arch Intern Med , vol.153 , pp. 1065-1073
    • Kronmal, R.A.1    Cain, K.C.2    Ye, Z.3    Omenn, G.S.4
  • 78
    • 0032506959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship of leisure-time physical activity and mortality. The Finnish twin cohort
    • Kujala UM, Kaprio J, Sarna S, Koskenvuo M. Relationship of leisure-time physical activity and mortality. The Finnish twin cohort. JAMA 1998;279: 440-444.
    • (1998) JAMA , vol.279 , pp. 440-444
    • Kujala, U.M.1    Kaprio, J.2    Sarna, S.3    Koskenvuo, M.4
  • 79
    • 0036689776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationships between physical activity, health status and psychological well-being of fertility-aged women
    • Kull M. The relationships between physical activity, health status and psychological well-being of fertility-aged women. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2002;12:241-247.
    • (2002) Scand J Med Sci Sports , vol.12 , pp. 241-247
    • Kull, M.1
  • 80
    • 0032478951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Socio-economic factors, health behaviours, and mortality Results from a Nationally Representative Prospective Study of US Adults
    • Lantz PM, House JS, Lepkowski JM, Williams DR, Mero RP, Chen J. Socio-economic factors, health behaviours, and mortality Results from a Nationally Representative Prospective Study of US Adults. JAMA 1998;279: 1703-1708.
    • (1998) JAMA , vol.279 , pp. 1703-1708
    • Lantz, P.M.1    House, J.S.2    Lepkowski, J.M.3    Williams, D.R.4    Mero, R.P.5    Chen, J.6
  • 81
    • 0021802611 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of physical activity in epidemiologic research:problems and prospects
    • U.S, Government Printing Office,Washington, D.C
    • LaPorte RE, Montoye HJ, Caspersen CJ. Assessment of physical activity in epidemiologic research:problems and prospects. Public Health Rep 1985: 100:131-146. U.S, Government Printing Office,Washington, D.C.
    • (1985) Public Health Rep , vol.100 , pp. 131-146
    • LaPorte, R.E.1    Montoye, H.J.2    Caspersen, C.J.3
  • 82
    • 0035977969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effectiveness of exercise as an intervention in the management of depression:systematic review and meta-regression analysis of randomised controlled trials
    • Lawlor DA, Hopker SW. The effectiveness of exercise as an intervention in the management of depression:systematic review and meta-regression analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ 2001;322:763-770.
    • (2001) BMJ , vol.322 , pp. 763-770
    • Lawlor, D.A.1    Hopker, S.W.2
  • 83
    • 0028905228 scopus 로고
    • Exercise intensity and longevity in men. The Harvard Alumni Health Study
    • Lee I-M, Hsieh C-C, Paffenbarger RS Jr. Exercise intensity and longevity in men. The Harvard Alumni Health Study JAMA 1995;273:1179-1184.
    • (1995) JAMA , vol.273 , pp. 1179-1184
    • Lee, I.-M.1    Hsieh, C.-C.2    Paffenbarger Jr., R.S.3
  • 84
    • 0035013147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical activity and all-cause mortality:what is the dose-response relation?
    • Lee. I-M, Skerrett PJ. Physical activity and all-cause mortality:what is the dose-response relation? Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001;33:S459-S471.
    • (2001) Med Sci Sports Exerc , vol.33
    • Lee, I.-M.1    Skerrett, P.J.2
  • 85
    • 34248559833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dose-response relation between physical activity and fitness. Even a little is good:more is better
    • Lee I-M. Dose-response relation between physical activity and fitness. Even a little is good:more is better. JAMA 2007;297:2137-2139.
    • (2007) JAMA , vol.297 , pp. 2137-2139
    • Lee, I.-M.1
  • 87
    • 0017625195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leon AS, Blackburn H. The relationship of physical activity to coronary heart disease and life expectancy Ann N.Y. Acad Sci 1977;301:561-578.
    • Leon AS, Blackburn H. The relationship of physical activity to coronary heart disease and life expectancy Ann N.Y. Acad Sci 1977;301:561-578.
  • 88
    • 0023204884 scopus 로고
    • Leisure-time physical activity levels and risk of coronary heart disease and death. The Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial
    • Leon AS. Cornett J, Jacobs DR, Rauramaa R. Leisure-time physical activity levels and risk of coronary heart disease and death. The Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. JAMA 1987;258:2388-2395.
    • (1987) JAMA , vol.258 , pp. 2388-2395
    • Leon, A.S.1    Cornett, J.2    Jacobs, D.R.3    Rauramaa, R.4
  • 89
    • 0018646411 scopus 로고
    • Variations in mortality by weight among 750,000 men and women
    • Lew EA, Garfinkel L. Variations in mortality by weight among 750,000 men and women. J Chron Dis 1979:12:563-576.
    • (1979) J Chron Dis , vol.12 , pp. 563-576
    • Lew, E.A.1    Garfinkel, L.2
  • 90
  • 91
    • 33646799069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global and regional burden of disease and risk factors, 2001:systematic analysis of population health data
    • Lopez AD, Mathers CD, Ezzati M, Jamison DT, Murray CJL. Global and regional burden of disease and risk factors, 2001:systematic analysis of population health data. Lancet 2006;367:1747-1757.
    • (2006) Lancet , vol.367 , pp. 1747-1757
    • Lopez, A.D.1    Mathers, C.D.2    Ezzati, M.3    Jamison, D.T.4    Murray, C.J.L.5
  • 92
    • 64549131206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lundqvist Andersen A, Budtz-Jørgensen J. Dansk Sportsleksikon. Standard Forlaget, Copenhagen 1944.
    • Lundqvist Andersen A, Budtz-Jørgensen J. Dansk Sportsleksikon. Standard Forlaget, Copenhagen 1944.
  • 94
    • 77951529251 scopus 로고
    • Streptomycin treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. BMI
    • Medical Research Council investigation
    • Medical Research Council investigation. Streptomycin treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. BMI 1948;2:769-782
    • (1948) , vol.2 , pp. 769-782
  • 95
    • 64549132056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medicorum Graecorum, Galeni Opera (edited by Kühn CC) p.694. Leipzig, 1821.
    • Medicorum Graecorum, Galeni Opera (edited by Kühn CC) p.694. Leipzig, 1821.
  • 96
    • 0017614773 scopus 로고
    • The Tromsø Heart-Study. High-density lipoprotein and coronary heart-disease:A prospective case-control study
    • Miller NE, Førde OH, Thelle DS, Mjøs OD. The Tromsø Heart-Study. High-density lipoprotein and coronary heart-disease:A prospective case-control study. Lancet 1977, i:965-968.
    • (1977) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 965-968
    • Miller, N.E.1    Førde, O.H.2    Thelle, D.S.3    Mjøs, O.D.4
  • 98
  • 99
    • 0021149737 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of physical activity in population studies:A review
    • Montoye HJ, Taylor HL. Measurement of physical activity in population studies:A review. Human Biology 1984;56:195-216.
    • (1984) Human Biology , vol.56 , pp. 195-216
    • Montoye, H.J.1    Taylor, H.L.2
  • 100
    • 0037021817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Education, income inequality, and mortality:a multiple regression analysis
    • Muller A. Education, income inequality, and mortality:a multiple regression analysis. BMJ 2002;324:23-25.
    • (2002) BMJ , vol.324 , pp. 23-25
    • Muller, A.1
  • 102
    • 64549105636 scopus 로고
    • Nordisk Familjeboks Sportslexicon. Förlagsaktiebolaget A
    • Stockholm
    • Nilsson M. Maratonlöpning. In. Nordisk Familjeboks Sportslexicon. Förlagsaktiebolaget A. Sohlman & Co, Stockholm 1943;5:312-313.
    • (1943) Sohlman & Co , vol.5 , pp. 312-313
    • Nilsson, M.1    Maratonlöpning, I.2
  • 104
    • 34447511196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonfasting triglycerides and risk of myocardial infarction, ischemic heart disease, and death in men and women
    • Nordestgaard BG, Benn M, Schnohr P, Tybjæg-Hansen A. Nonfasting triglycerides and risk of myocardial infarction, ischemic heart disease, and death in men and women. JAMA 2007;298;299-308.
    • (2007) JAMA , vol.298 , pp. 299-308
    • Nordestgaard, B.G.1    Benn, M.2    Schnohr, P.3    Tybjæg-Hansen, A.4
  • 105
    • 0016409218 scopus 로고
    • Sudden death and sport
    • Opie LH. Sudden death and sport. Lancet 1975;i:263-266.
    • (1975) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 263-266
    • Opie, L.H.1
  • 106
    • 29044443676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of grandparent's and parent's socioeconomic position on mortality among Danish men born in 1953
    • Osler M, Andersen A-M N, Lund R, Holstein B. Effect of grandparent's and parent's socioeconomic position on mortality among Danish men born in 1953. Eur J Public Health 2005;15:647-651.
    • (2005) Eur J Public Health , vol.15 , pp. 647-651
    • Osler, M.1    Andersen, A.-M.N.2    Lund, R.3    Holstein, B.4
  • 107
    • 0033557703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine balance in strenuous exercise in humans
    • Ostrowski K, Rohde T, Asp S, Schjerling P, Pedersen BK. Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine balance in strenuous exercise in humans. J Physiol 1999;515:287-291
    • (1999) J Physiol , vol.515 , pp. 287-291
    • Ostrowski, K.1    Rohde, T.2    Asp, S.3    Schjerling, P.4    Pedersen, B.K.5
  • 108
    • 0022589439 scopus 로고
    • Physical activity, all-cause mortality, and longevity of college alumni
    • Paffenbarger RS Jr, Hyde RT, Wing AL, Hsieh C-C. Physical activity, all-cause mortality, and longevity of college alumni. N Engl J Med 1986;314:605-613.
    • (1986) N Engl J Med , vol.314 , pp. 605-613
    • Paffenbarger Jr, R.S.1    Hyde, R.T.2    Wing, A.L.3    Hsieh, C.-C.4
  • 109
    • 0027475199 scopus 로고
    • The association of changes in physical-activity level and other lifestyle characteristics with mortality among men
    • Paffenbarger RS Jr, Hyde RT, Wing AL, Lee I-M, Jung DL, Kampert JB. The association of changes in physical-activity level and other lifestyle characteristics with mortality among men. N Engl J Med 1993;328:538-545.
    • (1993) N Engl J Med , vol.328 , pp. 538-545
    • Paffenbarger Jr, R.S.1    Hyde, R.T.2    Wing, A.L.3    Lee, I.-M.4    Jung, D.L.5    Kampert, J.B.6
  • 110
    • 0035168004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A history of physical activity, cardiovascular health and longevity:the scientific contributions of Jeremy N Morris, DSc, DPH, FRCP
    • Paffenbarger RS Jr, Blair SN, Lee I-M. A history of physical activity, cardiovascular health and longevity:the scientific contributions of Jeremy N Morris, DSc, DPH, FRCP. Int J Epidemiol 2001;30:1184-1192.
    • (2001) Int J Epidemiol , vol.30 , pp. 1184-1192
    • Paffenbarger Jr, R.S.1    Blair, S.N.2    Lee, I.-M.3
  • 113
    • 33645096520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for prescribing exercise as therapy in chronic disease
    • Pedersen BK, Saltin B.Evidence for prescribing exercise as therapy in chronic disease. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2006;16 (suppl.1):3-63.
    • (2006) Scand J Med Sci Sports , vol.16 , Issue.SUPPL.1 , pp. 3-63
    • Pedersen, B.K.1    Saltin, B.2
  • 114
    • 0024547855 scopus 로고
    • Genetic and environmental influences on level of habitual physical activity and exercise participation
    • Pérusse L, Tremblay A, Leblanc C, Bouchard C. Genetic and environmental influences on level of habitual physical activity and exercise participation. Am J Epidemiol 1989;129:1012-1022.
    • (1989) Am J Epidemiol , vol.129 , pp. 1012-1022
    • Pérusse, L.1    Tremblay, A.2    Leblanc, C.3    Bouchard, C.4
  • 116
    • 34250672763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High, but not moderate frequency and duration of exercise training induces downregulation of the expression of inflammatory and atherogenic adhesion molecules
    • Peschel T, Sixt S, Beitz F, Sonnabend M, Muth G, Thiele H, Tarnok A, Schuler G., Niebauer J. High, but not moderate frequency and duration of exercise training induces downregulation of the expression of inflammatory and atherogenic adhesion molecules. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2007;14:476-482.
    • (2007) Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil , vol.14 , pp. 476-482
    • Peschel, T.1    Sixt, S.2    Beitz, F.3    Sonnabend, M.4    Muth, G.5    Thiele, H.6    Tarnok, A.7    Schuler, G.8    Niebauer, J.9
  • 117
    • 0942290485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal study of the long-term relation between physical activity and obesity in adults
    • Petersen L, Schnohr P, Sørensen TIA. Longitudinal study of the long-term relation between physical activity and obesity in adults. Int J Obes 2004;28:105-112.
    • (2004) Int J Obes , vol.28 , pp. 105-112
    • Petersen, L.1    Schnohr, P.2    Sørensen, T.I.A.3
  • 118
    • 0028905623 scopus 로고
    • Alcohol and mortality: A review
    • Poikolainen K. Alcohol and mortality: a review. J Clin Eoidemiol 1995;48: 455-465.
    • (1995) J Clin Eoidemiol , vol.48 , pp. 455-465
    • Poikolainen, K.1
  • 119
    • 33847013550 scopus 로고
    • President's Council on Physical Fitness, US Government Printing Office:, Washington, D.C
    • President's Council on Physical Fitness. Adult physical fitness:a program for men and women. US Government Printing Office: 1965. Washington, D.C.
    • (1965) Adult physical fitness:a program for men and women
  • 121
    • 0036718246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Importance of light smoking and inhalation habits on risk of myocardial infarction and all cause mortality. A 22 year follow up of 12,149 men and women in The Copenhagen City Heart Study
    • Prescott E, Scharlig H, Osler M, Schnohr P. Importance of light smoking and inhalation habits on risk of myocardial infarction and all cause mortality. A 22 year follow up of 12,149 men and women in The Copenhagen City Heart Study. J Epidemiol Community Health 2002;56:702-706.
    • (2002) J Epidemiol Community Health , vol.56 , pp. 702-706
    • Prescott, E.1    Scharlig, H.2    Osler, M.3    Schnohr, P.4
  • 122
    • 0343273397 scopus 로고
    • Cholesterol, diastolic blood pressure, and stroke:13 000 strokes in 450 000 people in 45 prospective cohorts
    • Prospective Studies Collaboration
    • Prospective Studies Collaboration. Cholesterol, diastolic blood pressure, and stroke:13 000 strokes in 450 000 people in 45 prospective cohorts. Lancet 1995;346:1647-1653.
    • (1995) Lancet , vol.346 , pp. 1647-1653
  • 123
    • 0037079309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective Studies Collaboration. Lewington S, Clarke R, Qizilbash N, Peto R, Collins R. Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality:a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies. Lancet 2002;360:1903-1913.
    • Prospective Studies Collaboration. Lewington S, Clarke R, Qizilbash N, Peto R, Collins R. Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality:a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies. Lancet 2002;360:1903-1913.
  • 126
    • 0022550037 scopus 로고
    • Plasma cholesterol concentration and death from coronary heart disease: 10 year results of the Whitehall study
    • Rose G, Shipley M. Plasma cholesterol concentration and death from coronary heart disease: 10 year results of the Whitehall study. BMJ 1986;293: 306-307.
    • (1986) BMJ , vol.293 , pp. 306-307
    • Rose, G.1    Shipley, M.2
  • 127
    • 0031048463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical activity protects against coronary death and deaths from all causes in middle-aged men. Evidence from a 20-year follow-up of the Primary Prevention Study in Göteborg
    • Rosengren A, Wilhelmsen L. Physical activity protects against coronary death and deaths from all causes in middle-aged men. Evidence from a 20-year follow-up of the Primary Prevention Study in Göteborg. Ann Epidemiol 1997;7:69-75.
    • (1997) Ann Epidemiol , vol.7 , pp. 69-75
    • Rosengren, A.1    Wilhelmsen, L.2
  • 128
    • 0034176892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relation between income inequality and mortality in Canada and the United States: Cross sectional assessment using census data and vital statistics
    • Ross NA, Wolfson MC, Dunn JR, Berthelot J-M, Kaplan GA, Lynch JW. Relation between income inequality and mortality in Canada and the United States: cross sectional assessment using census data and vital statistics. BMJ 2000;320:898-902.
    • (2000) BMJ , vol.320 , pp. 898-902
    • Ross, N.A.1    Wolfson, M.C.2    Dunn, J.R.3    Berthelot, J.-M.4    Kaplan, G.A.5    Lynch, J.W.6
  • 130
    • 0020067771 scopus 로고
    • Physical activity and risk of myocardial infarction, cerebral stroke and death. A longitudinal study in eastern Finland
    • Salonen JT, Puska P, Tuomilehto J. Physical activity and risk of myocardial infarction, cerebral stroke and death. A longitudinal study in eastern Finland. Am J Epidemiol 1982;115:526-537.
    • (1982) Am J Epidemiol , vol.115 , pp. 526-537
    • Salonen, J.T.1    Puska, P.2    Tuomilehto, J.3
  • 131
    • 0014374738 scopus 로고
    • Physiological analysis of middle-aged and old former athletes. Comparison with still active athletes of the same ages
    • Saltin B, Grimby G. Physiological analysis of middle-aged and old former athletes. Comparison with still active athletes of the same ages. Circulation 1968;38:1104-1115.
    • (1968) Circulation , vol.38 , pp. 1104-1115
    • Saltin, B.1    Grimby, G.2
  • 132
    • 0141467471 scopus 로고
    • Physiological effects of physical conditioning
    • Hansen AT, Schnohr P, Rose G, eds, Chicago, IL:Year Book Medical Publishers
    • Saltin B. Physiological effects of physical conditioning. In: Hansen AT, Schnohr P, Rose G, eds. Ischaemic heart disease. The strategy of postponement. Chicago, IL:Year Book Medical Publishers, 1977:104-115.
    • (1977) Ischaemic heart disease. The strategy of postponement , pp. 104-115
    • Saltin, B.1
  • 133
    • 0037089040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic fitness:Physical activity and health
    • Saltin B, Pilegaard H. Metabolic fitness:Physical activity and health. Ugeskr Læger 2002;164:2156-2162.
    • (2002) Ugeskr Læger , vol.164 , pp. 2156-2162
    • Saltin, B.1    Pilegaard, H.2
  • 134
    • 0027398348 scopus 로고
    • Physical fitness as a predictor of mortality among healthy, middle-aged Norwegian men
    • Sandvik L, Erikssen J, Thaulow E, Erikssen G, Mundal R, Rodahl K. Physical fitness as a predictor of mortality among healthy, middle-aged Norwegian men. N Engl J Med 1993;328:533-537.
    • (1993) N Engl J Med , vol.328 , pp. 533-537
    • Sandvik, L.1    Erikssen, J.2    Thaulow, E.3    Erikssen, G.4    Mundal, R.5    Rodahl, K.6
  • 137
    • 0035806734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholesterol and all-cause mortality in elderly people from the Honolulu heart program: A cohort study
    • Schatz IJ, Masaki K, Yano K, Chen R, Roderiguez BL, Curb JD. Cholesterol and all-cause mortality in elderly people from the Honolulu heart program: a cohort study. Lancet 2001;358:351-355.
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.358 , pp. 351-355
    • Schatz, I.J.1    Masaki, K.2    Yano, K.3    Chen, R.4    Roderiguez, B.L.5    Curb, J.D.6
  • 138
    • 3543094833 scopus 로고
    • The mortality of men and women
    • Scheinfeld A. The mortality of men and women. Scientific American 1958;198:22-27.
    • (1958) Scientific American , vol.198 , pp. 22-27
    • Scheinfeld, A.1
  • 140
    • 0014432714 scopus 로고
    • En undersøgelse af tidligere idrætsmænd.
    • Schnohr P. En undersøgelse af tidligere idrætsmænd. Ugeskr Læger 1968;130:539-541.
    • (1968) Ugeskr Læger , vol.130 , pp. 539-541
    • Schnohr, P.1
  • 141
    • 64549087922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schnohr P. En undersøgelse af tidligere idrætsmænd. Tidskr Legemsøvelser 1968;2:32-37. (secondary publication)
    • Schnohr P. En undersøgelse af tidligere idrætsmænd. Tidskr Legemsøvelser 1968;2:32-37. (secondary publication)
  • 142
    • 0014383412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schnohr P. An investigation of previous athletes. J Sport Med Phys Fitness 1968;8:241-244. (secondary publication)
    • Schnohr P. An investigation of previous athletes. J Sport Med Phys Fitness 1968;8:241-244. (secondary publication)
  • 143
    • 64549110176 scopus 로고
    • Une investigation chez des anciens athletes
    • secondary publication
    • Schnohr P. Une investigation chez des anciens athletes. Bull Féd Int d'Educat Phys 1968;3-4:3-9.(secondary publication)
    • (1968) Bull Féd Int d'Educat Phys , vol.3-4 , pp. 3-9
    • Schnohr, P.1
  • 144
    • 64549124253 scopus 로고
    • Dansk motionskampagne - Eremitageløbet.
    • Schnohr P. Dansk motionskampagne - Eremitageløbet. Ugeskr Læger 1969; 131:1436.
    • (1969) Ugeskr Læger , vol.131 , pp. 1436
    • Schnohr, P.1
  • 145
    • 0014789047 scopus 로고
    • Survival rates of nasopharyngeal cancer in California.. A review of 516 cases from 1942 through 1965
    • Schnohr P, Survival rates of nasopharyngeal cancer in California.. A review of 516 cases from 1942 through 1965. Cancer 1970;25:1099-1106
    • (1970) Cancer , vol.25 , pp. 1099-1106
    • Schnohr, P.1
  • 146
    • 0015231684 scopus 로고
    • Longevity and causes of death in male athletic champions
    • Schnohr P. Longevity and causes of death in male athletic champions. Lancet 1971;ii;1364-1366.
    • (1971) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 1364-1366
    • Schnohr, P.1
  • 147
    • 64549156428 scopus 로고
    • International teaching seminar in cardio-vascular epidemiology
    • Schnohr P. International teaching seminar in cardio-vascular epidemiology. Ugeskr Læger 1973;135:2713-2714.
    • (1973) Ugeskr Læger , vol.135 , pp. 2713-2714
    • Schnohr, P.1
  • 148
    • 0017304837 scopus 로고
    • Et kardiovaskulært populationsstudie. Amager-kvindeundersøgelsen 1973.
    • Schnohr P. Et kardiovaskulært populationsstudie. Amager-kvindeundersøgelsen 1973. Ugeskr Læger 1976; 138:188-192.
    • (1976) Ugeskr Læger , vol.138 , pp. 188-192
    • Schnohr, P.1
  • 149
    • 0017304822 scopus 로고
    • Blodtrykket hos københavnske kvinder 25 til 65 år gamle. Amager-kvindeundersøgelsen 1973.
    • Schnohr P. Blodtrykket hos københavnske kvinder 25 til 65 år gamle. Amager-kvindeundersøgelsen 1973. Ugeskr Læger 1976;138:192-196.
    • (1976) Ugeskr Læger , vol.138 , pp. 192-196
    • Schnohr, P.1
  • 150
    • 0018937233 scopus 로고
    • Hearing in women survivors of myocardial infarction
    • Schnohr P, Rasmussen F. Hearing in women survivors of myocardial infarction. Scand Audiol 1980;9:179-182.
    • (1980) Scand Audiol , vol.9 , pp. 179-182
    • Schnohr, P.1    Rasmussen, F.2
  • 151
    • 0002458476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Copehagen City Heart Study. Østerbroundersøgelsen. Tables with data from the third examination 1991-1994
    • Schnohr P, Jensen G, Lange P, Scharling H, Appleyard M. The Copehagen City Heart Study. Østerbroundersøgelsen. Tables with data from the third examination 1991-1994. Eur Heart J 2001;3 (suppl H):H1-H83.
    • (2001) Eur Heart J , vol.3 , Issue.SUPPL. H
    • Schnohr, P.1    Jensen, G.2    Lange, P.3    Scharling, H.4    Appleyard, M.5
  • 152
    • 0033817923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality in joggers:population based study of 4658 men
    • Schnohr P, Parner J, Lange P. Mortality in joggers:population based study of 4658 men. BMJ 2000;321:602-603.
    • (2000) BMJ , vol.321 , pp. 602-603
    • Schnohr, P.1    Parner, J.2    Lange, P.3
  • 153
    • 0035821483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schnohr P, Parner J, Lange P. Motionsløbere lever længere. Østerbroundersøgelsen. Ugeskr Læger 2001; 163:2633-2635 (secondary publication).
    • Schnohr P, Parner J, Lange P. Motionsløbere lever længere. Østerbroundersøgelsen. Ugeskr Læger 2001; 163:2633-2635 (secondary publication).
  • 155
    • 0036554781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coronary heart disease risk factors ranked by importance for the individual and community. A 21 year follow-up of 12,000 men and women from The Copenhagen City Heart Study
    • Schnohr P, Jensen JS, Scharling H, Nordestgaard BG. Coronary heart disease risk factors ranked by importance for the individual and community. A 21 year follow-up of 12,000 men and women from The Copenhagen City Heart Study. Eur Heart J 2002;23:620-626.
    • (2002) Eur Heart J , vol.23 , pp. 620-626
    • Schnohr, P.1    Jensen, J.S.2    Scharling, H.3    Nordestgaard, B.G.4
  • 156
    • 0141843474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in leisure-time physical activity and risk of death:An observational study of 7,000 men and women
    • Schnohr P, Scharling, Jensen JS. Changes in leisure-time physical activity and risk of death:An observational study of 7,000 men and women. Am J Epidemiol 2003;158:639-644.
    • (2003) Am J Epidemiol , vol.158 , pp. 639-644
    • Schnohr, P.1    Scharling2    Jensen, J.S.3
  • 157
    • 17144414513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stress and life dissatisfaction are inversely associated with jogging and other types of physical activity in leisure time - The Copenhagen City Heart Study
    • Schnohr P, Kristensen TS, Prescott E, Scharling H. Stress and life dissatisfaction are inversely associated with jogging and other types of physical activity in leisure time - The Copenhagen City Heart Study. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2005;15:107-112.
    • (2005) Scand J Med Sci Sports , vol.15 , pp. 107-112
    • Schnohr, P.1    Kristensen, T.S.2    Prescott, E.3    Scharling, H.4
  • 158
    • 23844535093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical activity in leisure time and risk of cancer:14-year follow-up of 28,000 Danish men and women
    • Schnohr P, Grønbæk M, Petersen L, Hein HO, Sørensen TIA. Physical activity in leisure time and risk of cancer:14-year follow-up of 28,000 Danish men and women. Scand I Publich Health 2005; 33:244-249.
    • (2005) Scand I Publich Health , vol.33 , pp. 244-249
    • Schnohr, P.1    Grønbæk, M.2    Petersen, L.3    Hein, H.O.4    Sørensen, T.I.A.5
  • 159
    • 33746254116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term physical activity in leisure time and mortality from coronary heart disease, stroke, repiratory diseases, and cancer. The Copenhagen City Heart Study
    • Schnohr P, Lange P, Scharling H, Jensen JS. Long-term physical activity in leisure time and mortality from coronary heart disease, stroke, repiratory diseases, and cancer. The Copenhagen City Heart Study. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2006;13:173-179.
    • (2006) Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil , vol.13 , pp. 173-179
    • Schnohr, P.1    Lange, P.2    Scharling, H.3    Jensen, J.S.4
  • 160
    • 33847028332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensity versus duration of walking: Impact on mortality:the Copenhagen City Heart Study
    • Schnohr P, Scharling H, Jensen JS. Intensity versus duration of walking: Impact on mortality:the Copenhagen City Heart Study. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2007;14:172-178.
    • (2007) Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil , vol.14 , pp. 172-178
    • Schnohr, P.1    Scharling, H.2    Jensen, J.S.3
  • 162
    • 0034994866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absolute versus relative intensity of physical activity in a doseresponse context
    • Shepard RJ. Absolute versus relative intensity of physical activity in a doseresponse context. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001;33:S400-S418.
    • (2001) Med Sci Sports Exerc , vol.33
    • Shepard, R.J.1
  • 163
    • 0028090348 scopus 로고
    • Physical activity and mortality in women in the Framingham Heart Study
    • Sherman SE, D'Agostino RB, Cobb JL, Kannel WB. Physical activity and mortality in women in the Framingham Heart Study. Am Heart J 1994; 128:879-884.
    • (1994) Am Heart J , vol.128 , pp. 879-884
    • Sherman, S.E.1    D'Agostino, R.B.2    Cobb, J.L.3    Kannel, W.B.4
  • 164
    • 0021218023 scopus 로고
    • The incidence of primary cardiac arrest during vigorous exercise
    • Siscovick DS, Weiss NS, Fletcher RH, Lasky T. The incidence of primary cardiac arrest during vigorous exercise. N Engl J Med 1984;311:874-877.
    • (1984) N Engl J Med , vol.311 , pp. 874-877
    • Siscovick, D.S.1    Weiss, N.S.2    Fletcher, R.H.3    Lasky, T.4
  • 166
    • 0032474682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of diet and exercise in men and postmenopausal women with low levels of HDL cholesterol and high levels of LDL cholesterol
    • Stefanick ML, Mackey S, Sheehan M, Ellsworth N, Haskell WL, Wood PD. Effects of diet and exercise in men and postmenopausal women with low levels of HDL cholesterol and high levels of LDL cholesterol. N Engl J Med 1998;339:12-20.
    • (1998) N Engl J Med , vol.339 , pp. 12-20
    • Stefanick, M.L.1    Mackey, S.2    Sheehan, M.3    Ellsworth, N.4    Haskell, W.L.5    Wood, P.D.6
  • 167
    • 0026702449 scopus 로고
    • High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and coronary, cardiovascular and all cause mortality among middle-aged Norwegian men and women
    • Stensvold I, Urdal P, Thürmer H, Tverdal A, Lund-Larsen PG, Foss OP. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and coronary, cardiovascular and all cause mortality among middle-aged Norwegian men and women. Eur Heart J 1992;13:1155-1163.
    • (1992) Eur Heart J , vol.13 , pp. 1155-1163
    • Stensvold, I.1    Urdal, P.2    Thürmer, H.3    Tverdal, A.4    Lund-Larsen, P.G.5    Foss, O.P.6
  • 168
    • 0028068446 scopus 로고
    • Effects of exercise intensity, duration, and time of day on fibrinolytic activity in physically active men
    • Szymanski LM, Pate RR. Effects of exercise intensity, duration, and time of day on fibrinolytic activity in physically active men. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1994;26:1102-1108.
    • (1994) Med Sci Sports Exerc , vol.26 , pp. 1102-1108
    • Szymanski, L.M.1    Pate, R.R.2
  • 170
    • 0034776871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new method for CHD prediction and prevention based on regional risk scores and randomized clinical trials; PRECARD and the Copenhagen Risk Score
    • Thomsen TF, Davidsen M, Ibsen H, Jørgensen T, Jensen G, Borch-Johnsen K. A new method for CHD prediction and prevention based on regional risk scores and randomized clinical trials; PRECARD and the Copenhagen Risk Score. J Cardiovasc Risk 2001;8:291-297.
    • (2001) J Cardiovasc Risk , vol.8 , pp. 291-297
    • Thomsen, T.F.1    Davidsen, M.2    Ibsen, H.3    Jørgensen, T.4    Jensen, G.5    Borch-Johnsen, K.6
  • 172
    • 0020053387 scopus 로고
    • Incidence of death during jogging in Rhode Island from 1975 through 1980
    • Thompson PD, Funk EJ, Carleton RA, Sturner WQ. Incidence of death during jogging in Rhode Island from 1975 through 1980. JAMA 1982;247: 2535-2538.
    • (1982) JAMA , vol.247 , pp. 2535-2538
    • Thompson, P.D.1    Funk, E.J.2    Carleton, R.A.3    Sturner, W.Q.4
  • 173
    • 0013809421 scopus 로고
    • A population study of 50-year-old Men. An analysis of the non-participating group
    • Tibblin G. A population study of 50-year-old Men. An analysis of the non-participating group. Acta Med Scand 1965;178:453-459.
    • (1965) Acta Med Scand , vol.178 , pp. 453-459
    • Tibblin, G.1
  • 177
    • 60849112459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Danish Heart Foundation and National Institute of Public Health
    • Videbæk J, Madsen M. Heart statistics 2004. Danish Heart Foundation and National Institute of Public Health
    • (2004) Heart statistics
    • Videbæk, J.1    Madsen, M.2
  • 178
    • 0018871812 scopus 로고
    • Sudden death while running in conditioned runners aged 40 years or over
    • Waller FB, Roberts Wc. Sudden death while running in conditioned runners aged 40 years or over. Am J Cardiol 1980;45:1292-1300.
    • (1980) Am J Cardiol , vol.45 , pp. 1292-1300
    • Waller, F.B.1    Roberts, W.2
  • 179
    • 64549129496 scopus 로고
    • Translation of Galen's Exhortatio ad Artes Addiscendas
    • Walsh J. Translation of Galen's Exhortatio ad Artes Addiscendas. Medical Life 1930;37:507-529.
    • (1930) Medical Life , vol.37 , pp. 507-529
    • Walsh, J.1
  • 180
    • 0032580670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in physical activity, mortality, incidence of coronary heart disease in older men
    • Wannamethee SG, Shaper AG, Walker M. Changes in physical activity, mortality, incidence of coronary heart disease in older men. Lancet 1998;351: 1603-1608.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.351 , pp. 1603-1608
    • Wannamethee, S.G.1    Shaper, A.G.2    Walker, M.3
  • 182
  • 183
    • 0028057730 scopus 로고
    • Physical exercise and psychological health
    • Weyerer S, Kupfer B. Physical exercise and psychological health. Sports Med 1994;17:108-116.
    • (1994) Sports Med , vol.17 , pp. 108-116
    • Weyerer, S.1    Kupfer, B.2
  • 188
    • 0037407521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What level of physical activity protects against premature cardiovascular death? The Caerphilly study
    • Yu S, Yarnell JWG, Sweetnam PM, Murray L. What level of physical activity protects against premature cardiovascular death? The Caerphilly study. Heart 2003;89:502-506.
    • (2003) Heart , vol.89 , pp. 502-506
    • Yu, S.1    Yarnell, J.W.G.2    Sweetnam, P.M.3    Murray, L.4
  • 190
    • 0003508998 scopus 로고
    • Åstrand P-O, Rodahl K eds, McGraw-Hill Book Company
    • Åstrand P-O, Rodahl K eds. Textbook of work physiology. McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1970.
    • (1970) Textbook of work physiology


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.