Neo-populism in comparative perspective: Iran and Venezuela

Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East

Volumn 29, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 137-151

  Dorraj, Manochehr ^a   Dodson, Michael ^a  

^a TEXAS CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COMPARATIVE STUDY; GOVERNANCE APPROACH; LEADERSHIP;

ASIA; EURASIA; IRAN; MIDDLE EAST; SOUTH AMERICA; VENEZUELA;

EID: 64149093744     PISSN: 1089201X     EISSN: 1548226X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1215/1089201X-2008-049     Document Type: Article

References (91)

1. Michael Dodson and Manochehr Dorraj, "Populism and Foreign Policy in Venezuela and Iran," Whitehead Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations 9 (Winter/Spring 2008): 71-87.
2. Examples are Alma Guillermoprieto, "The Gambler," New York Review of Books 52, 20 October 2005, www.nybooks.com/articles/18355;
3. Nikolas Kozloff, Hugo Chávez: Oil, Politics, and the Challenge to the United States (New York: Palgrave, 2006);
4. Phil Gunson, "Chávez's Venezuela," Current History 105 (2006): 58-63.
5. Paul Taggart, Populism (Philadelphia: Open University, 2000), 22.
6. Alan Knight, "Populism and Neo-populism in Latin America, Especially Mexico," Journal of Latin American Studies 30 (1998): 223.
7. Ali M. Ansari, Confronting Iran: The Failure of American Foreign Policy and the Next Great Crisis in the Middle East (New York: Basic Books, 2006);
8. Meir Javedanfar and Yossi Melman, The Nuclear Sphinx of Tehran: Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and the State of Iran (New York: Carroll and Graf, 2007);
9. Alireza Jafarzadeh, The Iran Threat: President Ahmadinejad and the Coming Nuclear Crisis (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007).
10. Jorge Castañeda, "Latin America's Left Turn," Foreign Affairs 85, no. 3 (2006): 28-44.
11. Javier Corrales, "Hugo Boss," Foreign Policy 152 (January/February 2006): 33, 36, 35.
12. Margaret Canovan, Populism (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1981);
13. Canovan, "Taking Politics to the People: Populism as the Ideology of Democracy," in Democracies and the Populist Challenge, ed. Yves Meny and Yves Surel (Basingstoke, Hampshire, UK: Palgrave, 2002);
14. Taggart, Populism.
15. Taggart, Populism. See also Paul Taggart, "Populism and the Pathology of Representative Politics," in Meny and Surel, Democracies.
16. Kurt Weyland, "Clarifying a Contested Concept: Populism in the Study of Latin American Politics," Comparative Politics 34 (October 2001): 1-22.
17. Michael L. Coniff, ed., Latin American Politics in Comparative Perspective (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1982).
18. Ernesto Laclau, Politics and Ideology in Marxist Theory (London: New Left, 1977).
19. Dick Parker, "El Chavismo: Populismo radical y potencial revolucionario" [Chavism: Radical populism and revolutionary potential], Revista Venezolana de Economia y Ciencias Sociales 7 (2001): 13-44.
20. Ruth Berins Collier and David Collier, Shaping the Political Arena: Critical Junctures, the Labor Movement, and Regime Dynamics in Latin America (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1979).
21. Anton Derks, "Populism and the Ambivalence of Egalitarianism: How Do the Underprivileged Reconcile a Right Wing Party Preference with Their Socio-economic Attitudes?" World Political Science Review 2 (2006): 175-200.
22. Zahra F. Arat, Democracy and Human Rights in Developing Countries (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1991).
23. Kurt Weyland, "Neoliberalism and Neopopulism in Latin America: Unexpected Affinities, Studies in Comparative International Development 31, no. 3 (Fall 1996): 3-31.
24. Kenneth Roberts, "Social Polarization and the Populist Resurgence in Venezuela," in Venezuelan Politics in the Chávez Era: Class, Polarization, and Conflict, ed. Steve Ellner and Daniel C. Hellinger (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2003), 55-72.
25. Frédéric Tellier, "The Iranian Moment," Washington Institute for Near East Policy, Policy Focus, no. 52 (2006): 1-31.
26. See the essays in Ellner and Hellinger, Venezuelan Politics.
27. Kirk Hawkins, "Populism in Venezuela: The Rise of Chavismo," Third World Quarterly 24 (2003): 1137-60.
28. See Jafarzadeh, Iran Threat, 25-35;
29. and Ansari, Confronting Iran, 225-29.
30. Steve Ellner, Rethinking Venezuelan Politics: Class, Conflict, and the Chávez Phenomenon (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2008), 133.
31. Manochehr Dorraj, From Zarathustra to Khomeini: Populism and Dissent in Iran (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1990);
32. Dorraj, "Populism and Corporatism in Post-revolutionary Iranian Political Culture," in Iran: Political Culture in the Islamic Republic, ed. Samih K. Farsoun and Mehrdad Mashayekhi (London: Routledge, 1992), 214-33;
33. Ervand Abrahamian, Khomeinism: Essays on the Islamic Republic (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993);
34. Valentine Moghadam, "Islamic Populism, Class, and Gender in Post-revolutionary Iran" in A Century of Revolution: Social Movements in Iran, ed. John Foran (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1994), 189-222.
35. Hamid Algar, ed. and trans., Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran (Berkeley, CA: Mizan, 1980), 19.
36. Shaul Bakhash, "The Politics of Land, Law, and Social Justice in Iran," Middle East Journal 43 (1989): 186-201.
37. Shaul Bakhash, The Reign of Ayatollahs (New York: Basic Books, 1984), 188-89.
38. Sohrab Behdad, "The Political Economy of Islamic Planning in Iran," in Post-revolutionary Iran, ed. Hooshang Amirahmadi and Manoucher Parvin (Boulder, CO: Westview, 1988), 114-15;
39. Setareh Karimi, "Economic Policies and Structural Changes since the Revolution," in The Iranian Revolution and the Islamic Republic, ed. Nikki R. Keddie and Eric Hoogland (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1986), 42.
40. Mehrdad Haghayeghi, "Agrarian Reform Problems in Post-revolutionary Iran," Middle East Journal 26 (1990): 120.
41. Kayhan, 3 April 1990, 1.
42. Vahe Petrosian, "Iran: Currency Reform Sacrificed to Politics," Middle East Economic Digest, no. 49 (1992): 11.
43. Ali M. Ansari, Iran, Islam, and Democracy: The Politics of Managing Change (London: Chatham House, 2006): 52-70.
44. See Ibid. 141-228, 268-84.
45. See also Jahangir Amuzegar, "The Ahmadinejad Era: Preparing for the Apocalypse," Journal of International Affairs 60, no. 2 (2007): 35-53.
46. Kasra Naji, Ahmadinejad: The Secret History of Iran's Radical Leader (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2008), 1-86.
47. Farideh Farhi, "Iran: Ahmadinejad's Tumultuous Presidency," International Crisis Group: Middle East Briefing, no. 21 (2007): 8.
48. Naji, Ahmadinejad, 224-25.
49. Farhi, "Iran," 10.
50. Amuzegar, "Ahmadinejad Era," 41-43.
51. Elliot Hen-Tov, "Understanding Iran's New Authoritarianism," Washington Quarterly 30 (2006-7): 163-65.
52. Farhi, "Iran," 1.
53. Hen-Tov, "Understanding Iran's New Authoritarianism," 166-68.
54. Ibid., 173.
55. Naji, Ahmadinejad, 213-26.
56. Amuzegar, "Ahmadinejad Era," 40-45.
57. Hen-Tov, "Understanding Iran's New Authoritarianism," 174.
58. Jennifer L. McCoy and David J. Myers, eds., The Unraveling of Representative Democracy in Venezuela (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006), 264.
59. Terry Lynn Karl, The Paradox of Plenty: Oil Booms and Petro-States (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997);
60. Daniel C. Hellinger, Venezuela: Tarnished Democracy (Boulder, CO: Westview, 1991).
61. Karl, Paradox of Plenty, 235.
62. Ellner, Rethinking Venezuelan Politics, 7-13.
63. Daniel C. Hellinger, "Venezuela," in Politics of Latin America: The Power Game, by Harry E. Vanden and Gary Prevost, 2nd ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2006), 479.
64. McCoy and Myers, Unraveling of Representative Democracy, 267.
65. Mark P. Sullivan, "Venezuela: Political Conditions and U.S. Policy," CRS Report, 17 January 2006, 11.
66. Patricia Márquez, "The Hugo Chávez Phenomenon," in Ellner and Hellinger, Venezuelan Politics, 211.
67. Ellner, Rethinking Venezuelan Politics, 110-12.
68. Hugo Chávez Frías and Marta Harnecker, Understanding the Venezuelan Revolution: Hugo Chávez Talks to Marta Harnecker, trans. Chesa Boudin (New York: Monthly Review, 2005), 48-49.
69. Angel E. Alvarez, "State Reform before and after Chávez's Election," in Ellner and Hellinger, Venezuelan Politics, 154.
70. Corrales, "Hugo Boss," 36.
71. International Crisis Group, "Venezuela: Hugo Chávez's Revolution," Latin America Report, no. 19 (2007): 8.
72. Sullivan, "Venezuela," 6.
73. See, e.g., Ellner, Rethinking Venezuelan Politics, 121.
74. Chávez and Harnecker, Understanding the Venezuelan Revolution, 74.
75. Damarys Canache, "Urban Poor and Political Order," in McCoy and Myers, Unraveling of Representative Democracy, 42.
76. Margarita López Maya, "Populismo e inclusión en el caso del proyecto bolivariano" [Populism and inclusion in the case of the Bolivian project] (June 2004), 7-9. Unpublished paper provided to the authors.
77. Authors' interview with Luis Lander, member editorial committee, Revista Venezolana de economia y ciencias sociales, Caracas, Venezuela, 19 May 2008.
78. Gregory Wilpert, Changing Venezuela by Taking Power: The History and Policies of the Chávez Government (London: Verso, 2007), 115.
79. Ibid., 122-23.
80. López Maya, "Populismo e inclusión," 11.
81. Wilpert, Changing Venezuela, 128.
82. Steve Ellner, "The Trial (and Errors) of Hugo Chávez," In These Times, 27 August 2007, www.inthesetimes.com/main/print/ 3296/the_trial_and_errors_of_hugo_chavez/.
83. International Crisis Group, "Venezuela," 29.
84. Ellner, "The Trial (and Errors)."
85. Interview with Luis Lander, Caracas, Venezuela, 19 May 2008.
86. Interview with Luis Lander, Caracas, Venezuela, 19 May 2008.
87. Steven Mather, "Venezuelan Government Announces $5 Billion for Communal Councils in 2007," www.venezuelanalysis.com/news/2167 (accessed 26 June 2007).
88. Authors' interview, Caracas, Venezuela, 19 May 2008.
89. Ruholla Khomeini, Valayat-e faqih (The Rule of the Jurist) (Tehran: Amir Kabir, 1978) 6-51.
90. Kirk A. Hawkins, Guillermo Rosas, and Michael E. Johnson, "The Misiones of the Chavez Government" (unpublished manuscript).
91. Ellner, Rethinking Venezuelan Politics, 176.