Understanding Iran's new authoritarianism

Washington Quarterly

Volumn 30, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 163-179

  Hen Tov, Elliot ^a  

^a PRINCETON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33845691318     PISSN: 0163660X     EISSN: 15309177     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1162/wash.2006-07.30.1.163     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Ali Ansari, "Continuous Regime Change From Within," The Washington Quarterly 26, no. 4 (Autumn 2003): 59.
2. "Will Iran's Presidential Election Make a Difference?" Economist, June 11, 2005, p. 43.
3. Hossein Bastani, "Naghsh-eh ostad dar ehdam-eh mortedan," Rooz, November 15, 2005, http://roozonline.com/02article/011721.shtml.
4. Hossein Seifzadeh, "The Landscape of Factional Politics in Iran," MEI Perspective, August 20, 2002, http://www.mideasti.org/ articles/doc62.html.
5. For official biographies of each cabinet member in Ahmadinejad's government, see http://www.khedmat.ir (in Farsi).
6. Meysam Tavab, "Sepah sahm-e bishtari az dolat khast," Rooz, December 6, 2005, http://roozonline.com/01newsstory/012278.shtml.
7. "President's Former Right Hand Man for Oil Ministry Rejected," Iran Press Service, August 24, 2005, http://www.iran-press-service.com/ ips/articles-2005/august-2005/ahmadinejad_cabinet_24805.shtml;
8. "Oil Minister Nominee Rejected," Reuters, November 23, 2005, http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/ C505AFFA-D606-4321-B223-D571C709E40E.htm.
9. "Kamal Kharrazi be reyasat-e shora-ye rahbordi-ye ravabat-e khareji mansub shod," Aftab-e-Yazd, June 26, 2006, p. 2.
10. Kamal Nazer Yasin, "Climactic Political Battle Between Hardliners and Pragmatists Looms in Iran," Eurasia Insight, November 21, 2005, http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/insight/articles/eav112105a.shtml.
11. Ali Gheissari and Vali Nasr, "The Conservative Consolidation in Iran," Survival 47, no. 2 (Summer 2005): 188.
12. World Bank, "World Development Indicators 2005," http://devdata.worldbank.org/wdi2005/index2.htm.
13. All employment-related figures assume no labor productivity growth. See World Bank, "Iran: Medium Term Framework for Transition," World Bank Report, no. 25848 (April 2003), p. iv.
14. United Nations Development Program, "UN Human Development Report 2005," http://hdr.undp.org/reports/global/2005/pdf/ HDR05_complete.pdf, p. 270.
15. Stephen Knowles, "Inequality and Economic Growth," Journal of Development Studies 41, no. 1 (January 2005): 135.
16. Joint Economic Committee, Energy and the Iranian Economy: Hearing before the joint Economic Committee, 109th Cong., 2nd sess., 2006, http://www.house.gov/jec/hearings/testimony/109/07-25-06_iran_Simons.pdf (statement of Paul Simons, U.S. Department of State);
17. Joint Economic Committee, Energy and the Iranian Economy: Hearing before the Joint Economic Committee, 109th Cong., 2nd sess., 2006, http://www.house.gov/jec/hearings/testimony/109/07-25-06_iran_Schott.pdf (statement of Jeffrey J. Schott).
18. Reza Bayegan, "Iran's New Oil Disorder: Interview With Dr. Parviz Mina," Ekbatan Observer, August 4, 2005, http://bayegan.blogspot.com/ 2005/08/ irans-new-oil-disorder-interview-with.html.
19. Ibid.
20. Kjetil Bjorvatn and Kjetil Selvik, "Destructive Competition: Oil and Rent Seeking in Iran" (paper, Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration, April 21, 2005).
21. Akbar Torbat, "Impacts of the U.S. Trade and Financial Sanctions on Iran," World Economy 28, no. 3 (March 2005): 432.
22. Economic Research and Policy Department, Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran, "Annual Review 1383 (2004/05)," September 2005, http://www.cbi.ir/default_en.aspx.
23. For an exact analysis of Iran's public finances, see Albrecht Frischenschlager, "How Iran Finances Itself," Middle East Strategies, December 2000, http://www.mestrategies.com/ finances_content.htm.
24. Energy Information Administration, U.S. Department of Energy, "Spot Prices for Crude Oil and Petroleum Products," http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/dnav/pet/pet_pri_spt_s1_d.htm.
25. Azam Mohebbi, "Economic Focus: Non-Oil Exports," Iran Daily, April 3, 2006, http://www.irandaily.ir/1385/2527/htmi/focus.htm.
26. World Resources Institute, "Country Profile - Iran, Islamic Rep.," http://earthtrends.wri.org/text/population-health/ country-profile-87.html.
27. Based on the total number of physicians in 1980 according to the Academy of Medical Sciences of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Reza Malekzadeh, Azarakhsh Mokril and Pejman Azarmina, "Medical Science and Research in Iran," Archives of Iranian Medicine 4, no. 1 (January 2001), http://www.ams.ac.ir/AIM/0141/malekzadch0141.html.
28. Ali Abootalebi, "An Evaluation of 25 Years of the Revolution," Middle East Review of International Affairs 8, no. 2 (June 2004): 43.
29. Ali Saeidi, "The Accountability of Para-governmental Organizations," Iranian Studies 37, no. 3 (September 2004): 486-487.
30. International Monetary Fund, "Staff Report for the 2004 Article IV Consultation," September 2004, p. 10, http://www.imf.org/external/ pubs/ft/scr/2004/cr04306.pdf.
31. Benjamin Smith, "Oil Wealth and Regime Survival in the Developing World 1960-1999, " American Journal of Political Science 48, no. 2 (April 2004): 232-243.
32. Eva Bellin, "The Robustness of Authoritarianism in the Middle East: Exceptionalism in Comparative Perspective," Comparative Politics 36, no. 2 (January 2004): 139.
33. "Islamic Republic of Iran: 2005 Article IV Consultation," IMF Country Report, no. 06/154 (April 2006), http://www.imf.org/external/ pubs/ft/scr/2006/cr06154.pdf.
34. Parvin Alizadeh, "Iran's Quandary: Economic Reforms and the Structural Trap," Brown Journal of World Affairs 9, no. 2 (Winter/ Spring 2003): 267.
35. International Energy Agency, World Energy Outlook 2005, pp. 369-370.