An experimental analogue study into the role of abstract thinking in trauma-related rumination

Behaviour Research and Therapy

Volumn 47, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 285-293

  Ehring, Thomas ^a   Szeimies, Anna Kristina ^b   Schaffrick, Christina ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

^b TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF BRAUNSCHWEIG   (Germany)

^c BIELEFELD UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

Author keywords

PTSD; Repetitive thinking; Rumination; Trauma

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AFFECT; FEMALE; HEART RATE; HUMANS; MALE; MENTAL RECALL; PSYCHOMETRICS; RANDOM ALLOCATION; STRESS DISORDERS, POST-TRAUMATIC; STRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; THINKING; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 63049122068     PISSN: 00057967     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2008.12.011     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Borkovec T.D., Alcaine O.M., and Behar E. Avoidance theory of worry and generalized anxiety disorder. In: Heimberg R.G., Turk C.L., and Mennin D.S. (Eds). Generalized anxiety disorder: Advances in research and practice (2004), Guilford, New York, NY 77-108
2. Butler G., Wells A., and Dewick H. Differential effects of worry and imagery after exposure to a stressful stimulus: a pilot study. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 23 (1995) 45-56
3. Clohessy S., and Ehlers A. PTSD symptoms, response to intrusive memories and coping in ambulance service workers. British Journal of Clinical Psychology 38 (1999) 251-265
4. Ehlers A., and Clark D.M. A cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy 38 (2000) 319-345
5. Ehlers A., Mayou R.A., and Bryant B. Psychological predictors of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder after motor vehicle accidents. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 107 (1998) 508-519
6. Ehring, T. (2007). Development and validation of a content-independent measure of preservative thinking. Paper presented at the V World Congress of Behavioural and Cognitive Therapies, Barcelona, 13-15 July 2007.
7. Ehring T., Frank S., and Ehlers A. The role of rumination and reduced concreteness in the maintenance of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression following trauma. Cognitive Therapy and Research 32 (2008) 488-506
8. Ehring, T., Fuchs, N., & Klaesener, I. The effects of experimentally induced rumination versus distraction on analogue posttraumatic stress symptoms. Behavior Therapy, in press, doi:10.1016/j.beth.2008.10.001.
9. Ehring T., and Watkins E.R. Repetitive negative thinking as a transdiagnostic process. International Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 1 (2008) 192-205
10. Foa E.B., and Kozak M.J. Emotional processing of fear: exposure to corrective information. Psychological Bulletin 99 (1986) 20-35
11. Halligan S.L., Clark D.M., and Ehlers A. Cognitive processing, memory, and the development of PTSD symptoms: two experimental analogue studies. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 33 (2002) 73-89
12. Hautzinger M., Bailer M., Worall H., and Keller F. Beck-Depressions-Inventar (BDI). Testhandbuch (Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Manual of the German version) (1995), Hans Huber, Bern
13. Holeva V., Tarrier N., and Wells A. Prevalence and predictors of acute stress disorder and PTSD following road traffic accidents: thought control strategies and social support. Behavior Therapy 32 (2001) 65-83
14. Holmes E.A., and Bourne C. Inducing and modulating intrusive emotional memories: a review of the trauma film paradigm. Acta Psychologica 127 (2008) 553-566
15. Holmes E.A., Brewin C.R., and Hennessy R.G. Trauma films, information processing, and intrusive memory development. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 133 (2004) 3-22
16. Krohne H.W., Egloff B., Kohlmann C.W., and Tausch A. Untersuchungen mit einer deutschen Version der "Positive and Negative Affect Schedule" (PANAS) (Investigations with a German version of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)). Diagnostica 42 (1996) 139-156
17. Laukkanen R.M.T., and Virtanen P.K. Heart rate monitors: state of the art. Journal of Sports Sciences 16 (1998) S3-S7
18. Laux L., Glanzmann P., Schaffner P., and Spielberger C.D. Das State-Trait-Angstinventar (STAI) (1981), Hogrefe, Göttingen
19. Michael T., Halligan S.L., Clark D.M., and Ehlers A. Rumination in posttraumatic stress disorder. Depression and Anxiety 24 (2007) 307-317
20. Moberly N.J., and Watkins E.R. Processing mode influences the relationship between trait rumination and emotional vulnerability. Behavior Therapy 37 (2006) 281-291
21. Murray J., Ehlers A., and Mayou R.A. Dissociation and posttraumatic stress disorder: two prospective studies of motor vehicle accident survivors. British Journal of Psychiatry 180 (2002) 363-368
22. Resick P.A., and Schnicke M.K. Cognitive processing therapy for sexual assault victims. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 60 (1992) 748-756
23. Seaward B.L., Sleamaker R.H., McAuliffe T., and Clapp III J.F. The precision and accuracy of a portable heart rate monitor. Biomedical Instrumentation and Technology 24 (1990) 37-41
24. Speckens A.E.M., Ehlers A., Hackmann A., Ruths F.A., and Clark D.M. Intrusive memories and rumination in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder: a phenomenological comparison. Memory 15 (2007) 249-257
25. Stöber J. Worry, problem elaboration and suppression of imagery: the role of concreteness. Behaviour Research and Therapy 36 (1998) 751-756
26. Stöber J., and Borkovec T.D. Reduced concreteness of worry in generalized anxiety disorder: findings from a therapy study. Cognitive Therapy and Research 26 (2002) 89-96
27. Stöber J., Tepperwien S., and Staak M. Worrying leads to reduced concreteness of problem elaborations: evidence for the avoidance theory of worry. Anxiety, Stress, and Coping 13 (2002) 217-227
28. Van Emmerik A.A.P., Kamphuis J.H., and Emmelkamp P.M.G. Treating acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder with cognitive behavioral therapy or structured writing therapy: a randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics 77 (2008) 93-100
29. Vasey M.W., and Borkovec T.D. A catastrophizing assessment of worrisome thoughts. Cognitive Therapy and Research 16 (1992) 505-520
30. Watkins E. Adaptive and maladaptive ruminative self-focus during emotional processing. Behaviour Research and Therapy 42 (2004) 1037-1052
31. Watkins E.R. Constructive and unconstructive repetitive thought. Psychological Bulletin 134 (2008) 163-206
32. Watkins E., Moberly N.J., and Moulds M.L. Processing mode causally influences emotional reactivity: distinct effects of abstract versus concrete construal on emotional response. Emotion 8 (2008) 364-378
33. Watkins E., and Moulds M. Distinct modes of ruminative self-focus: impact of abstract versus concrete rumination on problem solving in depression. Emotion 5 (2005) 319-328
34. Watkins E., and Moulds M.L. Reduced concreteness of rumination in depression: a pilot study. Personality and Individual Differences 43 (2007) 1386-1395
35. Watkins E., Scott J., Wingrove J., Rimes K., Bathurst N., Steiner H., et al. Rumination-focused cognitive behaviour therapy for residual depression: a case series. Behaviour Research and Therapy 45 (2007) 2144-2154
36. Watkins E., and Teasdale J.D. Rumination and overgeneral memory in depression: effects of self-focus and analytic thinking. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 110 (2001) 353-357
37. Wells A., and Papageorgiou C. Worry and the incubation of intrusive images following stress. Behaviour Research and Therapy 33 (1995) 579-583
38. Wells A., and Sembi S. Metacognitive therapy for PTSD: a core treatment manual. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice 11 (2004) 365-377
39. Zetsche, U., Ehring, T., & Ehlers, A. The effects of rumination on mood and PTSD symptoms after exposure to traumatic material: an experimental study, submitted for publication.