Neonatal encephalopathy: Treatment with hypothermia

Journal of Neurotrauma

Volumn 26, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 437-443

  Shankaran, Seetha ^a,b  

^a WAYNE STATE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

Author keywords

Encephalopathy; Hypothermia; Hypoxia ischemia; Neonate

Indexed keywords

BODY TEMPERATURE; BRAIN BLOOD FLOW; BRAIN FUNCTION; BRAIN HYPOXIA; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CHILD DEATH; CLINICAL TRIAL; COOLING; DISABILITY; HUMAN; INDUCED HYPOTHERMIA; NEUROPROTECTION; NEWBORN; NEWBORN PERIOD; NONHUMAN; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW;

ANIMALS; ASPHYXIA NEONATORUM; BODY TEMPERATURE; BRAIN; CEREBROVASCULAR CIRCULATION; DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL; ENERGY METABOLISM; HUMANS; HYPOTHERMIA, INDUCED; HYPOXIA-ISCHEMIA, BRAIN; INFANT, NEWBORN;

EID: 62649140678     PISSN: 08977151     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1089/neu.2008.0678     Document Type: Review

References (54)

1. Ambalavanan, N., Carlo, W.A., Shankaran, S., Bann, C.M., Emrich, S.L., Higgins, R.D., Tyson, J.E., O'Shea, T.M., Laptook, A.R., Ehrenkranz, R.A., Donovan, E.F., Walsh, M.C., Goldberg, R.N., Das, A., and the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Neonatal Research Network. (2006). Predicting outcomes of neonates diagnosed with hypoxemic-ischemic encephalopathy. Pediatrics 118, 2084-2093.
2. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologist and American Academy of Pediatrics. (2003). Neonatal encephalopathy and cerebral palsy. Defining the pathogenesis and pathophysiology. Library of Congress, 1-93.
3. Bona, E., Hagberg, H., Løberg, E.M., Bågenholm, R., and Thoresen, M. (1998). Protective effect of moderate hypothermia after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia: short- and long-term outcome. Pediatr. Res. 43, 738-745.
4. Bramlett, H.M., and Dietrich, W.D. (2007). Progressive damage after brain and spinal cord injury; pathomechanisms and treatment strategies. Prog. Brain Res. 161, 125-141.
5. Busto, R., Dietrich, W.D., Globus, M.Y.T., Valdes, I., Scheinberg, P., and Ginsberg, M.D. (1987). Small differences in intraischemic brain temperature critically determine the extent of ischemic neuronal injury. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 7, 729-738.
6. Carroll, M., and Beek, O. (1992). Protection against hippocampal CA cell loss by post-ischemic hypothermia is dependent of delay of initiation and duration. Metab. Brain Dis. 7, 45-50.
7. Colbourne, F., and Corbett, D. (1994). Delayed and prolonged post-ischemic hypothermia is neuroprotective in the gerbil. Brain Res. 656, 265-272.
8. Covey, M.V., and Oorschot, D.E. (2007). Effect of hypothermic post-treatment on hypoxic-ischemic striatal injury, and normal striatal development, in neonatal rats: a stereological study. Pediatr. Res. 62, 646-651.
9. Dietrich, W.D., and Bramlett, H.M. (2007). Hyperthermia and central nervous system injury. Prog. Brain Res. 162, 201-217.
10. Eicher, D.J., Wagner, C.L., Katikaneni, L.P., Hulsey, T.C., Bass, W.T., Kaufman, D.A., Horgan, M.J., Languani, S., Bhatia, J., Givelichian, L.M., Sankaran, K., and Yager, J.Y. (2005). Moderate hypothermia in neonatal encephalopathy: efficacy outcomes. J. Pediatr Neurol. 32, 11-17.
11. Fellman, V., and Raivio, K.O. (1997). Reperfusion injury as the mechanism of brain damage after perinatal asphyxia. Pediatr. Res. 41, 599-606.
12. Freeman, J.M. (2007). The use of amplitude-integrated electroencephalography: beware of its unintended consequences. Pediatrics 119, 615-617.
13. Gluckman, P.D., Guan, J., Williams, C., Scheepens, A., Zhang, R., Bennet, L., and Gunn, A. (1998). Asphyxial brain injury-the role of the IGF system. Mol. Cell Endocrinol. 140, 95-99.
14. Gluckman, P.D., Wyatt, J., Azzopardi, D.V., Ballard, R., Edwards, A.D., Ferriero, D.M., Polin, R.A., Robertson, C.M., Thoresen, M., Whitelaw, A., Gunn, A.J., on behalf of the Cool Cap Study Group. (2005). Selective head cooling with mild systemic hypothermia after neonatal encephalopathy: multicenter randomized trial. Lancet 365, 663-670.
15. Gunn, A.J., Gunn, T.R., de Haan, H.H., Williams, C.E., and Gluckman, P.D. (1997). Dramatic neuronal rescue with prolonged selective head cooling after ischemia in fetal lambs. J. Clin. Invest. 99, 248-256.
16. Gunn, A.J, Gunn, T.R., Gunning, M.I., Williams, C.E., and Gluckman, P.D. (1998). Neuroprotection with prolonged head cooling started before postischemic seizures in fetal sheep. Pediatrics 102, 1098-1106.
17. Gunn, A.J., Bennet, L., Gunning, M.I., Gluckman, P.D., and Gunn, T.R. (1999). Cerebral hypothermia is not neuroprotective when started after postischemic seizures in fetal sheep. Pediatr. Res. 46, 274-280.
18. Gunn, A.J. (2000). Cerebral hypothermia for prevention of brain injury following perinatal asphyxia. Curr. Opin. Pediatr. 12, 111-115.
19. Gunn, A.J., and Throresen, M. (2006). Hypothermic neuroprotection. NeuroRx 3, 154-169.
20. Iwata, O., Thornton, J.S., Sellwood, M.W., Iwata, S., Sakata, Y., Noone, M.A., O'Brien, P.F., Bainbridge, A., De Vita, E., Ravich, G., Peebles, D., Scaravalli, F., Cady, E.B., Ordidge, R., Wyatt, J.S., and Robertson, N.J. (2005). Depth of delayed cooling alters neuroprotection pattern after hypoxia-ischemia. Ann. Neurol. 58, 75-87.
21. Iwata, O., Iwata, S., Thornton, J.S., De Vita, E., Bainbridge, A., Herbert, L., Scaravilli, F., Peebles, D., Wyatt, J.S., Cady, E.B., and Robertson, N.J. (2007). Therapeutic time window duration decreases with increasing severity of cerebral hypoxia-ischaemia under normothermia and delayed hypothermia in newborn piglets. Brain Res. 1154, 173-180.
22. Jacob, S., Hunt, R., Tarnow-Mordi, W., Inder, T., and Davis, P. (2007). Cooling for newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 4, 1-46.
23. Johnston, M.V., Trescher, W.H., Ishida, A., and Nakajima, W. (2001). Neurobiology of hypoxic-ischemic injury in the developing brain. Pediatr. Res. 49, 735-741.
24. Laptook, A.R., Corbett, R.J., Arencibia-Mireles, O., and Ruley, J. (1992). Glucose-associated alterations in ischemic brain metabolism of neonatal piglets. Stroke 23, 1504-1511.
25. Laptook, A.R., Corbett, R.J., Sterett, R., Garcia, D., and Tollefsbol, G. (1995). Quantitative relationship between brain temperature and energy utilization rate measured in vivo using P and H magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Pediatr. Res. 38, 919.
26. Laptook, A., Tyson, J., Shankaran, S., McDonald, S., Ehrenkranz, R., Fanaroff, A., Donovan, E., Goldberg, R., O'Shea, T.M., Higgins, R.D., and Poole, W.K. (2008). National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. Elevated temperature after hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: a risk factor for adverse outcome. Pediatrics 122, 491-499.
27. Liu, X.H., Kwon, D., Schielke, G.P., Yang, G.Y., Silverstein, F.S., and Barks, J.D. (1999). Mice deficient in interleukin-1 converting enzyme are resistant to neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 19, 1099-1108.
28. Lorek, A., Takei, Y., Cady, E.B., Wyatt, J.S., Penrice, J., Edwards, A.D., Peebles, D., Wylezinska, M., Owen-Reece, H., and Kirkbride, V. (1994). Delayed ("secondary") cerebral energy failure after acute hypoxia-ischemia in the newborn piglet: continuous 48-hour studies by phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Pediatr. Res. 36, 699-706.
29. Mehmet, H., Yue, X., Squier, M.V., Lorek, A., Cady, E., Penrice, J., Sarraf, C., Wylezinska, M., Kirkbride, V., and Cooper, C. (1994). Increased apoptosis in the cingulate sulcus of newborn piglets following transient hypoxia-ischaemia is related to the degree of high energy phosphate depletion during the insult. Neurosci. Lett. 181, 121-125.
30. Mishima, K., Ikeda, T., Yoshikawa, T., Aoo, N., Egashira, N., Xia, Y.X., Ikenoue, T., Iwasaki, K., and Fugiwara, M. (2004). Effects of hypothermia and hyperthermia on attention and spatial learning deficits following neonatal hypoxia-ischemic insult in rats. Behav. Brain Res. 151, 209-217.
31. O'Brien, F.E., Iwata, O., Thornton, J.S., De Vita, E., Sellwood, M.W., Iwata, S., Sakata, Y.S., Charman, S., Ordidge, R., Cady, E.B., Wyatt, J.S., and Robertson, N.J. (2006). Delayed whole body cooling to 33 or 35°C and the development of impaired energy generation consequential to transient cerebral hypoxia-ischemia in the newborn piglet. Pediatrics 117, 1549-1558.
32. Oh, W., Perritt, R., Shankaran, S., Merritts, M., Donovan, E.F., Ehrenkranz, R.A., O'Shea, T.M., Tyson, J.E., Laptook, A.R., Das, A., Higgins, R., and NICHD Neonatal Research Network. (2008). Association between urinary lactate to creatinine ratio and neurodevelopmental outcome in term infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. J. Pediatr. 153, 375-378.
33. Roberston, C.M.T., Finer, N.N., and Grace, M.G.A. (1989). School performance of survivors of neonatal encephalopathy associated with birth asphyxia at term. J. Pediatr. 114, 753-760.
34. Schulzke, S.M., Rao, S., and Patole, S.K. (2007). A systematic review of cooling for neuroprotection with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy - are we there yet? BMC Pediatr. 7, 1-30.
35. Shah, P.S., Ohlsson, A., and Perlman, A. (2007). Hypothermia to treat neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. 161, 951-958.
36. Shankaran, S., Laptook, A.R., Ehrenkranz, R.A., Tyson, J.E., McDonald, S.A., Donovan, E.F., Fanaroff, A.A., Poole, W.K., Wright, L.L., Higgins, R.D., Finer,N., Carlo, W.A.,Duara, S., Oh, W., Cotton, C.M., Stevenson, D.K., Stoll, B.J., Lemons, J.A., Guillet, R., Jobe, A.H., and the NICHD Neonatal Research Network. (2005). Whole-body hypothermia for neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. N. Engl. J. Med. 353, 1574-1584.
37. Shankaran, S., Woldt, E., Koepke, T., Bedard, M.P., and Nandyal, R. (1991). Acute neonatal morbidity and long-term central nervous system sequelae of perinatal asphyxia in term infants. Early Hum. Dev. 25, 135-148.
38. Shankaran, S., Pappas, A., Laptook, A.R., McDonald, S.A., Ehrenkranz, R.A., Tyson, J.E., Walsh, M., Goldberg, R.N., Higgins, R.D., Das, A., and NICHD Neonatal Research Network. (2008). Outcomes of safety and effectiveness in a multicenter randomized controlled trial of whole body hypothermia for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Pediatrics 122, 791-798.
39. Siesjo, B.K., and Bengtsson, F. (1989). Calcium fluxes, calcium antagonists, and calcium-related pathology in brain ischemia, hypoglycemia, and spreading depression: a unifying hypothesis. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 9, 127-140.
40. Sirimanne, E.S., Blumberg, R.M., Bossano, D., Gunning, M., Edwards, A.D., Gluckman, P.D., and Williams, C. (1996). The effect of prolonged modification of cerebral temperature on outcome after hypoxia-ischemic brain injury in the infant rat. Pediatr. Res. 39, 591-597.
41. Spitzmiller, R.E., Phillips, T., Meinzen-Derr, J., and Hoath, S.B. (2007). Amplitude-integrated EEG is useful in predicting neurodevelopment outcome in full-term infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: a meta-analysis. J. Child Neurol. 22, 1069-1078.
42. Tan, W.K., Williams, C.E., During, M.J., Mallard, C.E., Gunning, M.I., Gunn, A.J., and Gluckman, P.D. (1996). Accumulation of cytotoxins during the development of seizures and edema after hypoxic-ischemic injury in late gestation fetal sheep. Pediatr. Res. 39, 791-797.
43. Taylor, D.L., Mehmet, H., Cady, E.B., and Edwards, A.D. (2002). Improved neuroprotection with hypothermia delayed by 6 hours following cerebral hypoxia-ischemia in the 14-day-old rat. Pediatr. Res. 51, 13-19.
44. Thoresen, M., Bågenholm, R., Løberg, E.M., Apricena, F., and Kjellmer, I. (1996). Posthypoxic cooling of neonatal rats provides protection against brain injury. Arch. Dis. Child. 74, F3-F9.
45. Thoresen, M., Penrice, J., Lorek, A., Cady, E.B., Wylezinski, M., Kirkbride, V., Cooper, C.E., Brown, G.C., Edwards, A.D., Wyatt, J.S., and Reynolds, E.O.R. (1995). Mild hypothermia following severe transient hypoxia-ischemic ameliorates delayed cerebral energy failure in the newborn piglet. Pediatr. Res. 5, 667-670.
46. Thoresen, M., Simmonds, M., Satas, S., Tooley, J., and Silver, I.A. (2001). Effective selective head cooling during posthypoxic hypothermia in newborn piglets. Pediatr. Res. 49, 594-599.
47. Tooley, J., Satas, S., Eagle, R., Silver, I.A., and Thoresen, M. (2002). Significant selective head cooling can be maintained long-term after global hypoxia ischemia in newborn piglets. Pediatrics 109, 643-649.
48. Tooley, J., Satas, S., Porter, H., Silver, I.A., and Thoresen, M. (2003). Head cooling with mild systemic hypothermia in anesthetized piglets in neuroprotection. Ann. Neurol. 53, 65-72.
49. Tooley, J.R., Eagle, R.C., Satas, S., and Thoresen, M. (2005). Significant head cooling can be achieved while maintaining normothermia in the newborn piglet. Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed. 90, F262-F266.
50. Vanucci, R.C., and Perlman, J.M. (1997). Interventions for perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Pediatrics 100, 1004-1014.
51. Williams, G., Dardzinski, B.J., Buckalew, A.R., and Smith, M.B. (1997). Modest hypothermia preserves cerebral energy metabolism during hypoxia-ischemia and correlates with brain damage: a P nuclear magnet resonance study in unanesthetized neonatal rats. Pediatr. Res. 42, 700-708.
52. Wyatt, J.S., Gluckman, P.D., Liu, P.Y., Azzopardi, D., Ballard, R., Edwards, A.D., Ferreiro, D.M., Polin, R.A., Robertson, C.M., Thoresen, M., Whitelaw, A., Gunn, A.J., for the Cool Cap Study Group. (2007). Determinants of outcomes after head cooling for neonatal encephalopathy. Pediatrics 119, 912-921.
53. Yager, J.Y., and Asselin, J. (1996). Effects of mild hypothermia on cerebral energy metabolism during the evolution of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in the immature rat. Stroke 27, 919-926.
54. Yager, J.Y., Armstrong, E.A., Jaharus, C., Saucier, D.M., and Wirrell, E.C. (2004). Preventing hypothermia decreases brain damage following neonatal hypoxic-ischemic seizures. Brain Res. 1011, 48-57.