-
4
-
-
84937383619
-
Policing space, policing race: Social control imperatives and police discretionary decisions
-
Bass, S. 2001. Policing space, policing race: Social control imperatives and police discretionary decisions. Social Justice 28: 156-76.
-
(2001)
Social Justice
, vol.28
, pp. 156-76
-
-
Bass, S.1
-
5
-
-
0038437408
-
The contribution of gang membership to delinquency beyond delinquent friends
-
Battin, S.R., K.G. Hill, R.D. Abbott, R.F. Catalano, and D. Hawkins. 1988. The contribution of gang membership to delinquency beyond delinquent friends. Criminology 36: 93-115.
-
(1988)
Criminology
, vol.36
, pp. 93-115
-
-
Battin, S.R.1
Hill, K.G.2
Abbott, R.D.3
Catalano, R.F.4
Hawkins, D.5
-
9
-
-
21344497273
-
Gender differences in gang participation, delinquency, and substance use
-
Bjerregaard, B., and C. Smith. 1993. Gender differences in gang participation, delinquency, and substance use. Journal of Quantitative Criminology 9: 329-55.
-
(1993)
Journal of Quantitative Criminology
, vol.9
, pp. 329-55
-
-
Bjerregaard, B.1
Smith, C.2
-
11
-
-
0000201308
-
Racial disparities in official assessments of juvenile offenders: Attributional stereotypes as mediating mechanisms
-
Bridges G.S., and S. Steen. 1998. Racial disparities in official assessments of juvenile offenders: Attributional stereotypes as mediating mechanisms. American Sociological Review 63: 554-70.
-
(1998)
American Sociological Review
, vol.63
, pp. 554-70
-
-
Bridges, G.S.1
Steen, S.2
-
12
-
-
84869256547
-
Pena hits back: "we won't put up with it."
-
Briggs, B., and J. Gavin. 1988. Pena hits back: "We won't put up with it." Rocky Mountain News, November 5.
-
(1988)
Rocky Mountain News
-
-
Briggs, B.1
Gavin, J.2
-
13
-
-
84937306327
-
Race and getting hassled by the police: A research note
-
Browning, S.L., F.T. Cullin, L. Cao, R. Kopache, and T.J. Stevenson. 1994. Race and getting hassled by the police: A research note. Police Studies 17: 1-11.
-
(1994)
Police Studies
, vol.17
, pp. 1-11
-
-
Browning, S.L.1
Cullin, F.T.2
Cao, L.3
Kopache, R.4
Stevenson, T.J.5
-
17
-
-
62349090730
-
-
Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice.
-
Curry, G.D., R.A. Ball, and S.H. Decker. 1996. Estimating the national scope of gang crime from law enforcement data. Research in brief. NCJ 161477. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice.
-
(1996)
Estimating the National Scope of Gang Crime from Law Enforcement Data. Research in Brief. NCJ 161477
-
-
Curry, G.D.1
Ball, R.A.2
Decker, S.H.3
-
21
-
-
0242692320
-
-
Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.
-
Egley, A. 2002. National youth gang survey trends from 1996 to 2000. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.
-
(2002)
National Youth Gang Survey Trends from 1996 to 2000
-
-
Egley, A.1
-
22
-
-
15444355573
-
Gangs, drugs, and delinquency in a survey of urban youth
-
Esbensen, F., and D. Huizinga. 1993. Gangs, drugs, and delinquency in a survey of urban youth. Criminology 31: 565-89.
-
(1993)
Criminology
, vol.31
, pp. 565-89
-
-
Esbensen, F.1
Huizinga, D.2
-
24
-
-
0001343227
-
Race and gender differences between gang and non-gang youth: Results from a multi-site survey
-
Esbensen, F., and L.T. Winfree. 1998. Race and gender differences between gang and non-gang youth: Results from a multi-site survey. Justice Quarterly 15: 505-25.
-
(1998)
Justice Quarterly
, vol.15
, pp. 505-25
-
-
Esbensen, F.1
Winfree, L.T.2
-
26
-
-
0010293707
-
Street stops and broken windows: Terry, race and disorder in New York City
-
Fagan, J., and G. Davies. 2000. Street stops and broken windows: Terry, race and disorder in New York City. Fordham Urban Law Journal 28.
-
(2000)
Fordham Urban Law Journal
, pp. 28
-
-
Fagan, J.1
Davies, G.2
-
27
-
-
0037653585
-
Anything can happen with police around": Urban youth evaluate strategies of surveillance in public places
-
Fine, M., N. Freudenberg, Y. Payne, T. Perkins, K. Smith, and K. Wanzer. 2003. " Anything can happen with police around": Urban youth evaluate strategies of surveillance in public places. Journal of Social Issues 59: 141-58.
-
(2003)
Journal of Social Issues
, vol.59
, pp. 141-58
-
-
Fine, M.1
Freudenberg, N.2
Payne, Y.3
Perkins, T.4
Smith, K.5
Wanzer, K.6
-
28
-
-
22444452389
-
Gang suppression through saturation patrol, aggressive curfew, and truancy enforcement: A quasi-experimental test of the Dallas anti-gang initiative
-
Fritsch, E., T. Caeti, and R. Taylor. 1999. Gang suppression through saturation patrol, aggressive curfew, and truancy enforcement: A quasi-experimental test of the Dallas anti-gang initiative. Crime and Delinquency 45: 122-39.
-
(1999)
Crime and Delinquency
, vol.45
, pp. 122-39
-
-
Fritsch, E.1
Caeti, T.2
Taylor, R.3
-
31
-
-
0004171267
-
-
Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics and National Institute of Justice.
-
Greenfeld, L.A., P.A. Langan, and S.K. Smith. 1999. Police use of force: Collection of national data. NCJ 165040. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics and National Institute of Justice.
-
(1999)
Police Use of Force: Collection of National Data. NCJ 165040
-
-
Greenfeld, L.A.1
Langan, P.A.2
Smith, S.K.3
-
32
-
-
62349139333
-
Police tactics queried: Union station case builds
-
Gurrister, T. 2003. Police tactics queried: Union station case builds. Standard Examiner, October 23.
-
(2003)
Standard Examiner
-
-
Gurrister, T.1
-
33
-
-
62349106816
-
FBI probing Ogden incident
-
Gurrister, T. 2004 a. FBI probing Ogden incident. Standard Examiner, February 22.
-
(2004)
Standard Examiner
-
-
Gurrister, T.1
-
34
-
-
62349119239
-
Officer accused of payback arrest
-
Gurrister, T. 2004 b. Officer accused of payback arrest. Standard Examiner, April 1.
-
(2004)
Standard Examiner
-
-
Gurrister, T.1
-
35
-
-
84925975357
-
Race, class, and the perception of criminal injustice in America
-
Hagan, J., and C. Albonetti. 1982. Race, class, and the perception of criminal injustice in America. The American Journal of Sociology 88: 329-55.
-
(1982)
The American Journal of Sociology
, vol.88
, pp. 329-55
-
-
Hagan, J.1
Albonetti, C.2
-
37
-
-
62349128571
-
Meeting on gangs seeks zero tolerance
-
Haws, J. 1999. Meeting on gangs seeks zero tolerance. Standard Examiner, July 19.
-
(1999)
Standard Examiner
-
-
Haws, J.1
-
39
-
-
0347177752
-
Minority threat and police brutality: Determinants of civil rights criminal complaints in U.S. municipalities
-
Holmes, M.D. 2000. Minority threat and police brutality: Determinants of civil rights criminal complaints in U.S. municipalities. Criminology 38: 343-67.
-
(2000)
Criminology
, vol.38
, pp. 343-67
-
-
Holmes, M.D.1
-
40
-
-
0037939473
-
Gangs and the Police
-
Arnold P. Goldstein and C. Ronald Huff. Champaign, IL: Research Press.
-
Huff, C.R., and W. McBride. 1993. Gangs and the police. In Gang intervention handbook, eds. Arnold P. Goldstein and C. Ronald Huff. Champaign, IL: Research Press.
-
(1993)
Gang Intervention Handbook
-
-
Huff, C.R.1
McBride, W.2
-
41
-
-
0001295517
-
Dilemmas and contradictions of status
-
Hughes, E.C. 1945. Dilemmas and contradictions of status. American Journal of Sociology 50: 353-59.
-
(1945)
American Journal of Sociology
, vol.50
, pp. 353-59
-
-
Hughes, E.C.1
-
45
-
-
0032326632
-
The determinants of deadly force: A structural analysis of police violence
-
Jacobs, D., and R.M. O'Brien. 1998. The determinants of deadly force: A structural analysis of police violence. American Journal of Sociology 103: 837-62.
-
(1998)
American Journal of Sociology
, vol.103
, pp. 837-62
-
-
Jacobs, D.1
O'Brien, R.M.2
-
46
-
-
62349139013
-
2 out of 3 young black men in Denver are on gang suspect list
-
Johnson, D. 1993. 2 Out of 3 young black men in Denver are on gang suspect list. New York Times, December 11.
-
(1993)
New York Times
-
-
Johnson, D.1
-
47
-
-
0036864989
-
The social ecology of police misconduct
-
Kane, R.J. 2002. The social ecology of police misconduct. Criminology 40: 867-96.
-
(2002)
Criminology
, vol.40
, pp. 867-96
-
-
Kane, R.J.1
-
48
-
-
0037939471
-
The establishment of a police gang unit: Organizational and environmental factors
-
Katz, C.M. 2001. The establishment of a police gang unit: Organizational and environmental factors. Criminology 39: 37-73.
-
(2001)
Criminology
, vol.39
, pp. 37-73
-
-
Katz, C.M.1
-
49
-
-
0038464660
-
Issues in the production and dissemination of gang statistics: An ethnographic study of a large Midwestern police gang unit
-
Katz, C.M. 2003. Issues in the production and dissemination of gang statistics: An ethnographic study of a large Midwestern police gang unit. Crime and Delinquency 49: 485-516.
-
(2003)
Crime and Delinquency
, vol.49
, pp. 485-516
-
-
Katz, C.M.1
-
51
-
-
62349133309
-
Denver da backs gangs crackdown
-
Kirksey, J. 1983. Denver DA backs gangs crackdown. Denver Post, June 20.
-
(1983)
Denver Post
-
-
Kirksey, J.1
-
55
-
-
84869261782
-
Police acted "inappropriately."
-
Lindsay, S. 2004. Police acted "inappropriately." Rocky Mountain News, April 21.
-
(2004)
Rocky Mountain News
-
-
Lindsay, S.1
-
56
-
-
0010794529
-
Introduction to the Study of Social Control
-
Allen E. Liska. Albany, NY: State University of New York.
-
Liska, A.E. 1992. Introduction to the study of social control. In social threat and social control, ed. Allen E. Liska. Albany, NY: State University of New York.
-
(1992)
Social Threat and Social Control
-
-
Liska, A.E.1
-
59
-
-
3042676719
-
List brands 2 of 3 young black men
-
Lopez, C. 1993. List brands 2 of 3 young black men. Denver Post, December 5.
-
(1993)
Denver Post
-
-
Lopez, C.1
-
60
-
-
84978465616
-
Panel, police see different theories in glass shards: Glass, gun and blood focus forensic battle
-
Lowe, P. 2001. Panel, police see different theories in glass shards: Glass, gun and blood focus forensic battle. Rocky Mountain News, November 24.
-
(2001)
Rocky Mountain News
-
-
Lowe, P.1
-
61
-
-
0036691187
-
Police disrespect toward the public: An encounter-based analysis
-
Mastrofski, S.D., M.D. Resig, and J.D. McCluskey. 2002. Police disrespect toward the public: An encounter-based analysis. Criminology 40: 515-51.
-
(2002)
Criminology
, vol.40
, pp. 515-51
-
-
Mastrofski, S.D.1
Resig, M.D.2
McCluskey, J.D.3
-
66
-
-
0004227318
-
-
Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame.
-
Mirand, A. 1987. Gringo justice. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame.
-
(1987)
Gringo Justice
-
-
Mirand, A.1
-
73
-
-
84965708378
-
Varieties of opportunistic research
-
Reimer, J.W. 1977. Varieties of opportunistic research. Urban Life 5 (4). 467-77.
-
(1977)
Urban Life
, vol.5
, Issue.4
, pp. 467-77
-
-
Reimer, J.W.1
-
78
-
-
0024600727
-
Hot spots of predatory crime: Routine activities and the criminology of place
-
Sherman, L.W., P.R. Gartin, and M.E. Buerger. 1989. Hot spots of predatory crime: Routine activities and the criminology of place. Criminology 27: 27-55.
-
(1989)
Criminology
, vol.27
, pp. 27-55
-
-
Sherman, L.W.1
Gartin, P.R.2
Buerger, M.E.3
-
79
-
-
1642587223
-
Community accountability, minority threat, and police brutality: An examination of civil rights criminal complaints
-
Smith, B.W., and M.D. Holmes. 2003. Community accountability, minority threat, and police brutality: An examination of civil rights criminal complaints. Criminology 41: 1035-64.
-
(2003)
Criminology
, vol.41
, pp. 1035-64
-
-
Smith, B.W.1
Holmes, M.D.2
-
82
-
-
33847624129
-
-
Thomas, D., and R. Hansen. 2004. Second annual report, Denver Police Department, Contact Card Data Analysis. June 1, 2002, through May 31, 2003. Available: http://www.denvergov.org/Police/BiasedPolicingRacialProfiling/tabid/ 392249/Default.aspx.
-
(2004)
Second Annual Report, Denver Police Department, Contact Card Data Analysis
-
-
Thomas, D.1
Hansen, R.2
-
83
-
-
0001547017
-
Membership in Youth Gangs and Involvement in Serious and Violent Offending
-
R. Loeber and D. P. Farrington. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
-
Thornberry, T.P. 1998. Membership in youth gangs and involvement in serious and violent offending. In Serious and violent offenders: Risk factors and successful interventions, eds. R. Loeber and D. P. Farrington. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
-
(1998)
Serious and Violent Offenders: Risk Factors and Successful Interventions
-
-
Thornberry, T.P.1
-
85
-
-
84869245473
-
Charges filed against two cops. Veteran gang officers accused of destroying evidence in "at least" 80 criminal cases
-
Vaughan, K. 2000. Charges filed against two cops. Veteran gang officers accused of destroying evidence in "at least" 80 criminal cases. Rocky Mountain News, section local, July 20: 4A.
-
(2000)
Rocky Mountain News
-
-
Vaughan, K.1
-
90
-
-
0002787474
-
The police and neighborhood safety: Broken windows
-
Wilson, J.Q., and G.L. Kelling. 1982. The police and neighborhood safety: Broken windows. Atlantic Monthly: 29-38.
-
(1982)
Atlantic Monthly
, pp. 29-38
-
-
Wilson, J.Q.1
Kelling, G.L.2
-
92
-
-
0000477465
-
Chicano youth gangs and crime: The creation of a moral panic
-
Zatz, M.S. 1987. Chicano youth gangs and crime: The creation of a moral panic. Contemporary Crisis 11: 129-58.
-
(1987)
Contemporary Crisis
, vol.11
, pp. 129-58
-
-
Zatz, M.S.1
|