Ingroup projection as a means to define the superordinate category efficiently: Response time evidence

Social Cognition

Volumn 27, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 57-75

  Machunsky, Maya ^a   Meiser, Thorsten ^a  

^a PHILIPPS UNIVERSITY MARBURG   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 62349102992     PISSN: 0278016X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1521/soco.2009.27.1.57     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Ames, D. R. (2004a). Inside the mind reader's tool kit: Projection and stereotyping in mental state inference. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87, 340-353.
2. Ames, D. R. (2004b). Strategies for social inference: A similarity-contingency model of projection and stereotyping in attribute prevalence estimates. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87, 573-585.
3. Bianchi, M., Mummendey, A., Steffens, M., & Yzerbyt, V. (2008). What do you mean by Europeans? Evidence of spontaneous in-group projection. Manuscript submitted for publication.
4. Cadinu, M. R., & Rothbart, M. (1996). Self-anchoring and differentiation processes in the minimal group setting. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 661-677.
5. Clement, R. W., & Krueger, J. (2000). The primacy of self-referent information in perception of social consensus. British Journal of Social Psychology, 39, 279-299.
6. Clement, R. W., & Krueger, J. (2002). Social categorization moderates social projection. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 38, 219-231.
7. Coley, J. D., Hayes, B., Lawson, C., & Moloney, M. (2004). Knowledge, expectations, and inductive reasoning within conceptual hierarchies. Cognition, 90, 217-253.
8. Fazio, R. H. (1991). A practical guide to the use of response latency in social psychological research. In C. Hendrick & M. S. Clark (Eds.), Research methods in personality and social psychology: Review of personality and social psychology (pp. 74-97). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
9. Haslam, S. A., Oakes, P. J., Turner, J. C., & McGarty, C. (1995). Social categorization and group homogeneity: Changes in perceived applicability of stereotype content as a function of comparative context and trait favourableness. British Journal of Social Psychology, 34, 139-160.
10. Hoch, S. J. (1987). Perceived consensus and predictive accuracy: The pros and cons of projection. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 221-234.
11. Islam, M. R., & Hewstone, M. (1993). Inter-group attributions and affective consequences in majority and minority group. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 936-950.
12. Krueger, J. I. (2007). From social projection to social behavior. European Review of Social Psychology, 18, 1-35.
13. Krueger, J. I., Acevedo, M., & Robbins, J. M. (2006). Self as a sample. In K. Fiedler & P. Juslin (Eds.), Information sampling and adaptive cognition (pp. 353-377). Cambridge, UK: University Press.
14. Krueger, J., & Clement, R. W. (1996). Inferring category characteristics from sample characteristics: Inductive reasoning and social projection. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 125, 52-68.
15. Krueger, J. L., & Stanke, D. (2001). The role of self-referent and other-referent knowledge in perceptions of group characteristics. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 878-888.
16. Krueger, J. I., & Zeiger, J. S. (1993). Social categorization and the truly false consensus effect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 670-680.
17. Kuiper, N. A., & Rogers, T. B. (1979). Encoding of personal information: Self-other differences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 499-514.
18. Maass, A., Salvi, D., Arcuri, L., & Semin, G. (1989). Language use in intergroup contexts: The linguistic intergroup bias. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 981-993.
19. Machunsky, M., & Meiser, T. (2008). Ingroup projection or prototype projection? Cognitive and motivational components of biased prototypicality judgments in group perception. Manuscript submitted for publication.
20. Markmann, A. B., & Wisniewski, E. J. (1997). Similar and different: The differentiation of basic-level categories. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 23, 54-70.
21. Mummendey, A., & Wenzel, M. (1999). Social discrimination and tolerance in intergroup relations: Reactions to intergroup difference. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 3, 158-174.
22. Niedenthal, P., Brauer, M., Robin, L., & Innes-Ker, A. H. (2002). Adult attachment and the perception of facial expression of emotion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 419-433.
23. Otten, S., & Epstude, K. (2006). Overlapping mental representations of self, ingroup, and outgroup: Unraveling self-stereotyping and self-anchoring. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 957-969.
24. Otten, S., & Moskowitz, G. B. (2000). Evidence for implicit evaluative in-group bias: Affect-biased spontaneous trait inference in a minimal group paradigm. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 36, 77-89.
25. Otten, S., & Wentura, D. (2001). Self-anchoring and in-group favoritism: An individual profiles analysis. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 37, 525-532.
26. Pettigrew, T. F. (1979). The ultimate attribution error: Extending Allport's cognitive analysis of prejudice. Personality and Social Psyclwlogy Bulletin, 5, 461-476.
27. Ratcliff, R. (1993). Methods of dealing with reaction time outliers. Psychological Bulletin, 114, 510-532.
28. Robbins, J. M., & Krueger, J. I. (2005). Social projection to ingroups and outgroups: A review and a meta-analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 9, 32-47.
29. Rosch, E., Mervis, C. B., Gray, W. D., Johnson, D. M., & Boyes-Braem, P. (1976). Basic objects in natural categories. Cognitive Psychology, 8, 382-439.
30. Sherman, J. W., Klein, S. B., Laskey, A., & Wyer, N. A. (1998). Intergroup bias in group judgment processes: The role of behavioral memories. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 34, 51-65.
31. Smith, E. R., & Henry, S. (1996). An in-group becomes part of the self: Response time evidence. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 635-642.
32. Tanaka, J. W., & Taylor, M. (1991). Object categories and expertise: Is the basic level in the eye of the beholder? Cognitive Psychology, 23, 457-482.
33. Turner, J. C. (1987). A self-categorization theory. In J. C. Turner, M. A. Hogg, P. J. Oakes, S. D. Reicher, & M. S. Wetherell (Eds.), Rediscovering the social group (pp. 42-67). Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
34. Waldzus, S., & Mummendey, A. (2004). Inclusion in a superordinate category, in-group prototypicality, and attitudes towards out-groups. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 40, 466-477.
35. Waldzus, S., Mummendey, A., & Wenzel, M. (2005). When "different" means "worse": In-group prototypicality in changing intergroup contexts. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 41, 76-83.
36. Waldzus, S., Mummendey, A., Wenzel, M., & Boettcher, F. (2004). Of bikers, teachers and Germans: Groups' diverging views about their prototypicality. British Journal of Social Psychology, 43, 385-400.
37. Waldzus, S., Mummendey, A., Wenzel, M., & Weber, U. (2003). Towards tolerance: Representations of superordinate categories and perceived ingroup prototypicality. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 39, 31-47.
38. Wenzel, M., Mummendey, A., Weber, U., & Waldzus, S. (2003). The ingroup as pars pro toto: Projection from the ingroup onto the inclusive category as a precursor to social discrimination. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29, 461-473.