Chapter 31 Health care and the public sector

Handbook of Public Economics

Volumn 4, Issue , 2002, Pages 2143-2243

  Cutler, David M ^a  

^a HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

adverse selection; coinsurance; crowd out; deductible; externality; HMO; indemnity insurance; internality; managed care; moral hazard; pooling equilibrium; separating equilibrium; stop loss

Indexed keywords

EID: 62049084253     PISSN: 15734420     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/S1573-4420(02)80010-6     Document Type: Review

References (235)

1. Aaron H.J., and Reischauer R.D. The medicare reform debate: what is the next step?. Health Affairs 14 (1995) 8-30
2. Akerlof G. The economics of tagging as applied to the optimal income tax. American Economic Review 68 (1978) 8-19
3. Altman D., Cutler D.M., and Zeckhauser R.J. Adverse selection and adverse retention. American Economic Review 88 2 (1998) 122-126
4. Arrow K. Uncertainty and the welfare economics of medical care. American Economic Review 53 5 (1963) 941-973
5. Arrow K. Aspects of the Theory of Risk Bearing (1965), Yrjo Jahnssonin Saatio, Nashville, TN
6. Auerbach A.J., and Hines Jr. J.R. Taxation and economic efficiency. In: Auerbach A.J., and Feldstein M. (Eds). Handbook of Public Economics Vol. 3 (2002), Elsevier, Helsinki 1347-1421
7. Beck R.G. The effects of co-payment on the poor. Journal of Human Resources 9 1 (1974) 129-142
8. Becker G.S., and Murphy K.M. A theory of rational addiction. Journal of Political Economy 96 (1988) 675-700
9. Becker G.S., Grossman M., and Murphy K.M. An empirical analysis of cigarette addiction. American Economic Review 84 (1994) 396-418
10. Besley T.J., and Gouveia M. Alternative systems of health care provision. Economic Policy: A European Forum 9 (1994) 199-249
11. Bhattacharya J., Vogt W.B., Yoshikawa A., and Nakahara T. The utilization of outpatient medical services in Japan. Journal of Human Resources 31 2 (1996) 450-476
12. Bice T.W. Risk vulnerability and enrollment in a prepaid group practice. Medical Care 13 8 (1975) 698-703
13. Blomqvist A.G. Optimal non-linear health insurance. Journal of Health Economics 16 (1997) 303-321
14. Blumberg L.J., Dubay L., and Norton S.A. Did the Medicaid expansions for children displace private insurance? An analysis using the SIPP. Journal of Health Economics 19 (2000) 33-60
15. Bovenberg A.L., and Goulder L. Environmental taxation and regulation. In: Auerbach A.J., and Feldstein M. (Eds). Handbook of Public Economics Vol. 3 (2002), Elsevier, Amsterdam 1471-1545
16. Brown R.S., Bergeron J.W., Clement D.G., Hill J.W., and Retchin S. The Medicare Risk Program for HMOs - Final Summary Report on Findings from the Evaluation. Final Report under HCFA Contract Number 500-88-0006 (1993), Mathematica Policy Research, Inc., Amsterdam
17. Buchanan J.L., Keeler E.B., Rolph J.E., and Holmer M.R. Simulating health expenditures under alternative insurance plans. Management Science 37 9 (1991) 1067-1089
18. Buchmueller T.C., and DiNardo J. Did community rating induce an adverse selection death spiral? Evidence from New York, Pennsylvania and Connecticut. American Economic Review 92 1 (2002) 280-294
19. Buchmueller T.C., and Feldstein P.J. The effect of price on switching among health plans. Journal of Health Economics 16 (1997) 231-247
20. Buchmueller T.C., and Jensen G.A. Small group reform in a competitive managed care market: the case of California, 1993 to 1995. Inquiry 34 (1997) 249-263
21. Burchardt T., Hills J., and Propper C. Private Welfare and Public Policy (1999), Joseph Rountree Foundation, Princeton, NJ
22. Cardon J., and Hendel I. Asymmetric information in health care and health insurance markets: evidence from the National Medical Expenditure Survey. Rand Journal of Economics 32 (2001) 408-427
23. Chaloupka F. Rational addictive behavior and cigarette smoking. Journal of Political Economy 99 (1991) 722-742
24. Chaloupka F., and Warner K.E. The economics of smoking. In: Culyer A., and Newhouse J. (Eds). Handbook of Health Economics Vol. 1B (2000), Elsevier, York, UK 1539-1627
25. Cherkin D.C., Grothaus L., and Wagner E.H. The effect of office visit copayments on utilization in a health maintenance organization. Medical Care 27 7 (1989) 669-679
26. Chernew M., and Frick K. The impact of managed care on the existence of equilibrium in health insurance markets. Journal of Health Economics 18 (1999) 573-592
27. Chernew M., Frick K., and McLaughlin C.G. The demand for health insurance coverage by low-income workers: can reduced premiums achieve full coverage?. Health Services Research 32 (1997) 453-470
28. Chernick H.A., Holmer M.R., and Weinberg D.H. Tax policy toward health insurance and the demand for medical services. Journal of Health Economics 6 (1987) 1-25
29. Christensen S., and Shinogle J. Effects of supplemental coverage on use of services by Medicare enrollees. Health Care Financing Review 19 1 (1997) 5-17
30. Cochrane J. Time consistent health insurance. Journal of Political Economy 103 3 (1995) 445-473
31. Colle A.D., and Grossman M. Determinants of pediatric care utilization. Journal of Human Resources 13 (1978) 115-153
32. Conrad D.A., Grembowski D., and Milgrom P. Adverse selection within dental insurance markets. In: Scheffler R.M., and Rossiter L.F. (Eds). Advances in Health Economics and Health Services Research Vol. 6 (1985), JAI Press, Amsterdam 171-190
33. Cook P.J., and Moore M. Alcohol. In: Culyer A., and Newhouse J. (Eds). Handbook of Health Economics Vol. 1B (2000), Elsevier, Greenwich, CT 1629-1673
34. In: Culyer A., and Newhouse J.P. (Eds). Handbook of Health Economics Vol. 1A (2000), Elsevier, Amsterdam
35. In: Culyer A., and Newhouse J.P. (Eds). Handbook of Health Economics Vol. 1B (2000), Elsevier, Amsterdam
36. Currie J., and Gruber J. Saving babies: the efficacy and cost of recent changes in the Medicaid eligibility of pregnant women. Journal of Political Economy 104 (1996) 1263-1296
37. Currie J., and Gruber J. Health insurance eligibility, utilization of medical care, and child health. Quarterly Journal of Economics 111 (1996) 431-466
38. Currie J., and Gruber J. Public health insurance and medical treatment: the equalizing effect of the Medicaid expansions. Journal of Public Economics 82 1 (2001) 63-89
39. Mimeo. Cutler D.M. Why don't markets insure long-term risk (1996), Harvard University, Amsterdam
40. Mimeo. Cutler D.M. Supplementing public insurance coverage with private insurance coverage: implications for medical care systems (2000), Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
41. forthcoming. Cutler D.M. Equality, efficiency, and market fundamentals: the dynamics of international medical care reform. Journal of Economic Literature (2002)
42. Cutler D.M., and Gruber J. Does public insurance crowd out private insurance?. Quarterly Journal of Economics 111 (1996) 391-430
43. Cutler D.M., and Gruber J. Medicaid crowd out and the inverse bind: response to editorial. Inquiry 33 (1996) 9
44. Cutler D.M., and Gruber J. The effect of Medicaid expansions on public insurance, private insurance, and redistribution. American Economic Review 86 (1996) 378-383
45. Cutler D.M., and Horwitz J. Converting hospitals from not-for-profit to for-profit form: why and what effects?. In: Cutler D. (Ed). The Changing Hospital Industry: Comparing Not-for-Profit and For-Profit Institutions (1999), University of Chicago Press, Cambridge, MA 45-79
46. Mimeo. Cutler D.M., and Johnson R. The birth of the social insurance state (2001), Harvard University, Chicago
47. Cutler D.M., and McClellan M. Is technological change in medicine worth it?. Health Affairs 20 (2001) 11-29
48. Cutler D.M., and Reber S.J. Paying for health insurance: the trade-off between competition and adverse selection. Quarterly Journal of Economics 113 (1998) 433-466
49. Cutler D.M., and Richardson E. Measuring the health of the U.S. population. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Microeconomics (1997) 217-271
50. Cutler D.M., and Sheiner L.M. Generational aspects of Medicare. American Economic Review, Papers and Proceedings 90 (2000) 303-307
51. Cutler D.M., and Zeckhauser R.J. Adverse selection in health insurance. In: Garber A. (Ed). Frontiers in Health Policy Research Vol. 1 (1998), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA 1-31
52. Cutler D.M., and Zeckhauser R.J. The anatomy of health insurance. In: Culyer A., and Newhouse J. (Eds). Handbook of Health Economics Vol. 1A (2000), Elsevier, Cambridge, MA 563-643
53. Cutler D.M., Epstein A.M., Frank R.G., Hartman R., King III C., Newhouse J.P., Rosenthal M.B., and Vigdor E.R. How good a deal was the Tobacco Settlement: assessing payments to Massachusetts. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty 21 (2000) 235-261
54. Cutler D.M., Gruber J., Hartman R., Landrum M.B., Newhouse J.P., and Rosenthal M.B. The economic impacts of the Tobacco Settlement. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 21 (2002) 1-19
55. forthcoming. Dafny L., and Gruber J. Does public insurance improve the efficiency of medical care? Medicaid expansions and avoidable hospitalizations. Journal of Public Economics (2002)
56. Darby M.R., and Karni E. Free competition and the optimal amount of fraud. Journal of Law & Economics 16 (1973) 67-88
57. Davis K., and Russell L.B. The substitution of hospital outpatient care for inpatient care. Review of Economics and Statistics 54 2 (1972) 109-120
58. de Meza D. Health insurance and the demand for medical care. Journal of Health Economics 2 1 (1983) 47-54
59. Deaton A. Relative deprivation, inequality, and mortality. Working Paper 8099 (2001), National Bureau of Economic Research, Amsterdam
60. Dowd B., and Feldman R. Biased selection in Twin Cities health plans. In: Scheffler R.M., and Rossiter L.F. (Eds). Advances in Health Economics and Health Services Research Vol. 6 (1985), JAI Press, Cambridge, MA 253-271
61. Dowd B., and Feldman R. Premium elasticities of health plan choice. Inquiry 31 (1994) 438-444
62. Dubay L., and Kenney G.M. The effects of Medicaid expansions on insurance coverage of children. The Future of Children 6 (1996) 152-161
63. Dubay L., and Kenney G.M. Did Medicaid expansions for pregnant women crowd out private coverage?. Health Affairs 16 (1997) 185-193
64. Dubay L., Norton S.A., and Moon M. Medicaid expansions for pregnant women and infants: easing hospitals' uncompensated care burdens?. Inquiry 32 (1995) 332-344
65. Duggan M. Hospital ownership and public medical spending. The Quarterly Journal of Economics 115 (2000) 1343-1373
66. Eggers P.W. Risk differential between Medicare beneficiaries enrolled and not enrolled in an HMO. Health Care Financing Review 1 (1980) 91-99
67. Mimeo. Eichner M.J. Incentives, price expectations and medical expenditures: an analysis of claims under employer-provided health insurance (1998), Securities and Exchange Commission, Greenwich, CT
68. Ellis R.P. The effect of prior-year health expenditures on health coverage plan choice. In: Scheffler R.M., and Rossiter L.F. (Eds). Advances in Health Economics and Health Services Research Vol. 6 (1985), JAI Press 127-147
69. Ellis R.P. Employee choice of health insurance. Review of Economics and Statistics 71 2 (1989) 215-223
70. Ettner S. Adverse selection and the purchase of Medigap insurance by the elderly. Journal of Health Economics 16 (1997) 543-562
71. Evans W.N., Ringel J.S., and Stech D. Tobacco taxes and public policy to discourage smoking. In: Poterba J. (Ed). Tax Policy and the Economy Vol. 13 (1999), MIT Press, Greenwich, CT 1-55
72. Farley P.J., and Monheit A.C. Selectivity in the demand for health insurance and health care. In: Scheffler R.M., and Rossiter L.F. (Eds). Advances in Health Economics and Health Services Research Vol. 6 (1985), JAI Press, Cambridge, MA 231-252
73. Feldman R., and Dowd B. Must adverse selection cause premium spirals. Journal of Health Economics 10 (1991) 350-357
74. Feldman R., Finch M., Dowd B., and Cassou S. The demand for employment-based health insurance plans. Journal of Human Resources 24 (1989) 115-142
75. Feldman R., Dowd B., Leitz S., and Blewett L.A. The effect of premiums on the small firm's decision to offer health insurance. Journal of Human Resources 32 (1997) 635-658
76. Feldstein M. The rising price of physicians' services. Review of Economics and Statistics 52 2 (1970) 121-133
77. Feldstein M. Hospital cost inflation: a study of nonprofit price dynamics. American Economic Review 60 (1971) 853-872
78. Feldstein M. The welfare loss of excess health insurance. Journal of Political Economy 81 (1973) 251-280
79. Feldstein M. Prefunding Medicare. American Economic Review, Papers and Proceeding 89 (1999) 222-227
80. Feldstein M., and Friedman B. Tax subsidies, the rational demand for insurance and the health care crisis. Journal of Public Economics 7 2 (1977) 155-178
81. Part 1. Feldstein P.J. General report. Report of the Commission on the Cost of Medical Care (1964), American Medical Association, Greenwich, CT
82. forthcoming. Finkelstein A. The effect of tax subsidies to employer-provided supplementary health insurance: evidence from Canada. Journal of Public Economics (2002)
83. Mimeo. Fisher E., Skinner J., and Wennberg J. The efficiency of Medicare (1998), Dartmouth College, Chicago
84. Fuchs V.R. Economics, values, and health care reform. American Economic Review 86 (1996) 1-24
85. Fuchs V.R., and Kramer M.J. Determinants of expenditures for physicians' services in the United States, 1948-68. National Bureau of Economic Research Occasional Paper Series 117 (1972)
86. Gentry W.M., and Peress E. Taxes and fringe benefits offered by employers. Working Paper 4764 (1994), National Bureau of Economic Research, Hanover, NH
87. Glaeser E., and Shleifer A. Not-for-profit entrepreneurs. Journal of Public Economics 81 (2001) 99-115
88. Glantz S., and Parmley W.W. Passive smoking and heart disease: mechanisms and risk. Journal of the American Medical Association 273 (1995) 1047-1053
89. Chapter 13. Glied S. Managed care. In: Culyer A., and Newhouse J. (Eds). Handbook of Health Economics Vol. 1A (2000), Elsevier, Cambridge, MA 708-745
90. Globerman S., and Vining A. A policy perspective on 'mixed' health care financial systems of business and economics. Journal of Risk and Insurance 65 (1998) 57-80
91. Gokhale J., and Kotlikoff L.J. Medicare from the perspective of generational accounting. In: Redelmeyer A., and Saving T. (Eds). Medicare Reform: Issues and Answers (1999), University of Chicago Press, Amsterdam 153-174
92. Goldman F., and Grossman M. The demand for pediatric care: an hedonic approach. Journal of Political Economy 86 2 (1978) 259-280
93. Gouveia M. Majority rule and the public provision of a private good. Public Choice 93 (1997) 221-244
94. Griffith M., Baloff N., and Spitznagel E.L. Utilization patterns of health maintenance organization disenrollees. Medical Care 22 9 (1984) 827-834
95. Grossman H. Adverse selection, dissembling, and competitive equilibrium. The Bell Journal of Economics 10 (1979) 336-343
96. Grossman M., Chaloupka F.J., and Sirtalan I. An empirical analysis of alcohol addiction: results from monitoring the future panels. Economic Inquiry 36 (1998) 39-48
97. Gruber J. Health insurance and the labor market. In: Culyer A., and Newhouse J. (Eds). Handbook of Health Economics Vol. 1A (2000), Elsevier, Chicago 645-706
98. forthcoming. Gruber J. Medicaid. In: Moffitt R. (Ed). Means Tested Transfer Programs in the United States (2002), University of Chicago Press, Amsterdam
99. Gruber J., and Koszegi B. Is addiction 'rational': theory and evidence. Quarterly Journal of Economics 116 (2001) 1261-1304
100. Gruber J., and Poterba J.M. Tax incentives and the decision to purchase health insurance: evidence from the self-employed. Quarterly Journal of Economics 109 (1994) 701-733
101. Gruber J., and Poterba J.M. Tax subsidies to employer-provided health insurance. In: Feldstein M., and Poterba J.M. (Eds). Empirical Foundation of Household Taxation (1996), University of Chicago Press, Chicago 135-164
102. Gruber J., and Yelowitz A. Public health insurance and private savings. Journal of Political Economy 107 (1999) 1249-1274
103. Haas J.S., Udvarhelyi S., and Epstein A.M. The effect of health coverage for uninsured pregnant women on maternal health and the use of cesarean section. Journal of the American Medical Association 270 (1993) 61-64
104. Hall M. The impact of health insurance market reforms on market competition. American Journal of Managed Care 6 (2000) 57
105. Mimeo. Ham J.C., and Shore-Sheppard L.D. The effect of Medicaid expansions for low income children on Medicaid participation and insurance coverage: estimates from the SIPP (1999), Williams College, Chicago
106. Hansmann H. The role of nonprofit enterprise. Yale Law Journal 89 (1980) 835-901
107. Hart O., Shleifer A., and Vishny R. The proper scope of government: theory and an application to prisons. The Quarterly Journal of Economics 112 (1997) 1127-1161
108. Helms W.D., Gauthier A.K., and Campion D.M. Mending the flaws in the small-group market. Health Affairs 11 (1992) 7-27
109. Hing E., and Jensen G.A. Health insurance portability and Accountability Act of 1996: lessons from the States. Medical Care 37 (1999) 692-705
110. Holmer M.R. Tax policy and the demand for health insurance. Journal of Health Economics 3 (1984) 203-221
111. Mimeo. Hubbard R.G., and Hassett K.A. Noncontractible quality and organizational form in the US hospital industry (1999), Columbia University, MA
112. Institute of Medicine. Preventing Low Birthweight (1985), Institute of Medicine, New York
113. Jackson-Beeck M., and Kleinman J.H. Evidence for self-selection among health maintenance organization enrollees. Journal of the American Medical Association 250 20 (1983) 2826-2829
114. Jensen G.A., and Morrisey M.A. Small group reform and insurance provision by small firms, 1989-1995. Inquiry 36 (1999) 176-187
115. Joyce T. Impact of augmented prenatal care on birth outcomes of Medicaid recipients in New York City. Journal of Health Economics 18 (1999) 31-67
116. Joyce T., and Kaestner R. The effect of Medicaid income eligibility expansions on abortion. Demography 30 (1996) 181-192
117. Joyce T., Kaestner R., and Kwan F. Is Medicaid pronatalist? Effects of the Medicaid eligibility expansions on abortions and births. Family Planning Perspectives 30 (1998) 108-113
118. Juba D.A., Lave J.R., and Shaddy J. An analysis of the choice of health benefits plans. Inquiry 17 (1980) 62-71
119. Kaestner R., Joyce T., and Racine A. Medicaid eligibility and the incidence of ambulatory care sensitive hospitalizations for children. Social Science and Medicine 52 (2001) 305-313
120. Kaiser Family Foundation, and Health Research and Educational Trust. Employer Health Benefits (2000), Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, Washington, DC
121. Mimeo. Kapur K. Labor market implications of state small group health insurance reform (2000), Rand Corporation, Washington, DC
122. Mimeo. Kapur K. The impact of the health insurance market on small firm employment (2000), Rand Corporation
123. Keenan P., Beeuwkes-Buntin M., McGuire T., and Newhouse J.P. The prevalence of formal risk adjustment in health plan purchasing. Inquiry 38 (2001) 245-259
124. Kenkel D.S. New estimates of the optimal tax on alcohol. Economic Inquiry 34 (1996) 296-319
125. Kotowitz Y. Moral hazard. In: Eatwell J., Milgate M., and Newman P. (Eds). Allocation, Information, and Markets. The New Palgrave (1987), W.W. Norton 207-213
126. Chapter 33, this volume. Krueger A.B., and Meyer B.D. Social insurance and labor supply. In: Auerbach A.J., and Feldstein M. (Eds). Handbook of Public Economics Vol. 4 (2002), Elsevier, New York
127. Mimeo. Krupnick A., Alberini A., Cropper M., Simon N., O'Brien B., Goeree R., and Heintzelman M. Age, health, and the willingness to pay for mortality risk reductions: a contingent valuation survey of Ontario residents (2000), Resources for the Future, Amsterdam
128. Laibson D. Golden eggs and hyperbolic discounting. Quarterly Journal of Economics 112 (1997) 443-477
129. Langwell K.M., and Hadley J.P. Evaluation of the Medicare competition demonstrations. Health Care Financing Review 11 2 (1989) 65-80
130. Laux F.L. Addiction as a market failure: using rational addiction results to justify tobacco regulation. Journal of Health Economics 19 (2000) 421-437
131. Leibowitz A., and Chernew M. The firm's demand for health insurance. Health Benefits and the Workforce (1992), U.S. Department of Labor, Washington, DC 77-83
132. Long J.E., and Scott F.A. The income tax and nonwage compensation. Review of Economics and Statistics 64 2 (1982) 211-219
133. Long S.H., Settle R.F., and Wrightson C.W. Employee premiums, availability of alternative plans, and HMO disenrollment. Medical Care 26 10 (1988) 927-938
134. Luft H.S., Trauner J.B., and Maerki S.C. Adverse selection in a large, multiple-option health benefits program: a case study of the California public employees' retirement system. In: Scheffler R.M., and Rossiter L.F. (Eds). Advances in Health Economics and Health Services Research Vol. 6 (1985), JAI Press, Washington, DC 197-229
135. Manning W.G., and Marquis M.S. Health insurance: the tradeoff between risk pooling and moral hazard. Journal of Health Economics 15 5 (1996) 609-639
136. Manning W.G., Keeler E.B., Newhouse J.P., Sloss E.M., and Wasserman J. The taxes of sin. Do smokers and drinkers pay their way?. Journal of the American Medical Association 261 (1989) 1604-1609
137. Manning W.G., Keeler E.B., Newhouse J.P., Sloss E.M., and Wasserman J. The Costs of Poor Health Habits (1991), Harvard University Press, Greenwich, CT
138. Marquis M.S. Adverse selection with a multiple choice among health insurance plans: a simulation analysis. Journal of Health Economics 11 2 (1992) 129-151
139. Marquis M.S., and Long S.H. Worker demand for health insurance in the non-group market. Journal of Health Economics 14 (1995) 47-63
140. Marquis M.S., and Long S.H. To offer or not to offer: the role of price in employers' health insurance decisions. Health Services Research 36 (2001)
141. Marquis M.S., and Phelps C.E. Price elasticity and adverse selection in the demand for supplementary health insurance. Economic Inquiry 25 (1987) 299-313
142. Mimeo. Marsteller J.A., Nichols L.M., Badawi A., Kessler B., Rajan S., and Zuckerman S. Variations in the uninsured: state and county results (1998), Urban Institute, Cambridge, MA
143. McAvinchey I.D., and Yannopoulos A. Elasticity estimates from a dynamic model of interrelated demands for private and public acute health care. Journal of Health Economics 12 (1993) 171-186
144. McGuire T.G. Price and membership in a prepaid group medical practice. Medical Care 19 2 (1981) 172-183
145. Merrill J., Jackson C., and Reuter J. Factors that affect the HMO enrollment decision: a tale of two cities. Inquiry 22 (1985) 388-395
146. Mimeo. Meyer B.D., and Rosenbaum D.T. Medicaid, private health insurance, and the labor supply of single mothers (2000), Northwestern University, Washington, DC
147. Miller R.H., and Luft H.S. Does managed care lead to better or worse quality of care. Health Affairs 16 5 (1997) 7-25
148. Mirrlees J. An exploration in the theory of optimum income taxation. The Review of Economic Studies 38 (1971) 175-208
149. Miyazawa H. The rat race and internal labor markets. Bell Journal of Economics 8 (1977) 394-418
150. Moon M. Medicare Now and In The Future (1996), The Urban Institute, Evanston, IL
151. Morrisey M.A., Jensen G.A., and Morlock R.J. Small employers and the health insurance market. Health Affairs 13 (1994) 149-161
152. Newhouse J.P. Medical care costs: how much welfare loss?. Journal of Economic Perspectives 6 (1992) 13-29
153. Newhouse J.P., and Phelps C.E. Price and income elasticities for medical care services. In: Perlman M. (Ed). The Economics of Health and Medical Care, Chapter 9 (1974), Wiley, Washington, DC 140-161
154. Chapter 7. Newhouse J.P., and Phelps C.E. New estimates of price and income elasticities of medical care services. In: Rosett R.N. (Ed). The Role of Health Insurance in the Health Services Sector (1976), National Bureau of Economic Research, New York 261-313
155. Newhouse J.P., and Insurance Experiment Group. Free for All? Lessons from the RAND Health Insurance Experiment (1993), Harvard University Press, New York
156. Newman P., Maibach E., Dusenbury K., Kitchman M., and Zupp P. Marketing HMOs to Medicare beneficiaries: do Medicare HMOs target healthy seniors?. Health Affairs 17 4 (1998) 132-139
157. Nyman J. The value of health insurance: the access motive. Journal of Health Economics 18 (1999) 141-152
158. Olekalns N., and Bardsley P. Rational addiction to caffeine: an analysis of coffee consumption. Journal of Political Economy 104 (1996) 1100-1104
159. Orphanides A., and Zervos D. Myopia and addictive behaviour. Economic Journal 108 (1998) 75-91
160. Pauly M.V. The economics of moral hazard: comment. American Economic Review 58 (1968) 531-536
161. Pauly M.V. Overinsurance and public provision of insurance: the roles of moral hazard and adverse selection. Quarterly Journal of Economics 88 (1974) 44-54
162. Pauly M.V. Taxation, health insurance, and market failure in the medical economy. Journal of Economic Literature 24 (1986) 629-675
163. Pauly M.V., Kunreuther H., and Hirth R. Guaranteed renewability in insurance. Journal of Risk & Uncertainty 10 2 (1995) 143-156
164. Phelps C.E. The demand for health insurance: a theoretical and empirical investigation. RAND Research Paper Series, No. R-1054-OEO (1973)
165. Phelps C.E., and Newhouse J.P. Effect of coinsurance: a multivariate analysis. Social Security Bulletin (1972) 20-28
166. Phelps C.E., and Newhouse J.P. Effects of coinsurance on demand for physician services. RAND Research Paper Series No. R-979-OED (1972)
167. Phelps C.E., and Newhouse J.P. Coinsurance, the price of time, and the demand for medical services. Review of Economics and Statistics 56 (1974) 334-342
168. Piper J.M., Ray W.A., and Griffin M. Effects of Medicaid eligibility expansion on prenatal care and pregnancy outcome in Tennessee. Journal of the American Medical Association 264 (1990) 2219-2223
169. Pogue T.F., and Sgontz L.G. Taxing to control social costs: the case of alcohol. American Economic Review 79 (1989) 235-243
170. Poterba J.M. Government intervention in markets for education and health care: how and why. In: Fuchs V.R. (Ed). Individual and Social Responsibility (1996), University of Chicago Press, Cambridge, MA 277-304
171. Preston S. American longevity: past, present, and future. Syracuse University Policy Brief No. 7/1996. Distinguished Lecturer in Aging Series, Center for Economic Policy Research Policy Brief (1996), Syracuse University, Chicago
172. Price J.R., and Mays J.W. Biased selection in the Federal Employees Health Benefits Program. Inquiry 22 (1985) 67-77
173. forthcoming. Propper C., and Green K. A larger role for the private sector in health care? A review of the arguments. Journal of Social Policy (2002)
174. Rask K.N., and Rask K.J. Public insurance substituting for private insurance: new evidence regarding public hospitals, uncompensated care funds, and Medicaid. Journal of Health Economics 19 (2000) 1-31
175. Riley J.G. Informational equilibrium. Econometrica 47 (1979) 331-359
176. Rodgers J., and Smith K.E. Is there biased selection in Medicare HMOs?. Health Policy Economics Group Report (1996), Price Waterhouse LLP, NY
177. Rosenthal G. Price elasticity of demand for short-term general hospital services. In: Klarman H.E. (Ed). Empirical Studies in Health Economics (1970), Johns Hopkins Press, Washington, DC 101-117
178. Rosett R.N., and Huang L. The effect of health insurance on the demand for medical care. Journal of Political Economy 81 (1973) 281-305
179. Rothschild M., and Stiglitz J.E. Equilibrium in competitive insurance markets: an essay on the economics of imperfect information. Quarterly Journal of Economics 90 (1976) 629-650
180. Royalty A.B. Tax preferences for fringe benefits and workers' eligibility for employer health insurance. Journal of Public Economics 75 (2000) 209-228
181. Royalty A.B., and Solomon N. Health plan choice: price elasticities in a managed competition setting. Journal of Human Resources 34 (1999) 1-41
182. Schoenbaum M. Do smokers understand the mortality effects of smoking? Evidence from the Health and Retirement Survey. American Journal of Public Health 87 (1997) 755-759
183. Scitovsky A., and McCall N. Coinsurance and the demand for physician services: four years later. Social Security Bulletin (1977) 19-27
184. Scitovsky A., and Snyder N.M. Effect of coinsurance on use of physician services. Social Security Bulletin (1972) 3-19
185. Scitovsky A., McCall N., and Benham L. Factors affecting the choice between two prepaid plans. Medical Care 16 8 (1978) 660-675
186. Shleifer A. State versus private ownership. Journal of Economic Perspectives 12 (1998) 133-150
187. Mimeo. Shore-Sheppard L.D. Stemming the tide? The effect of expanding Medicaid eligibility on health insurance coverage (1996), Princeton University, Baltimore, MD
188. Shore-Sheppard L.D. The effect of expanding Medicaid eligibility on the distribution of children's health insurance coverage. Industrial and Labor Relations Review 54 (2000) 59-77
189. Shore-Sheppard L.D., Buchmueller T.C., and Jensen G.A. Medicaid and crowding out of private insurance: a re-examination using firm level data. Journal of Health Economics 19 (2000) 61-91
190. Shoven J.B., Sundberg J.O., and Bunker J.P. The social security cost of smoking. In: Wise D.A. (Ed). The Economics of Aging (1989), University of Chicago Press 231-250
191. Showalter M.H. Firm behavior in a market with addiction: the case of cigarettes. Journal of Health Economics 18 (1999) 409-427
192. Mimeo. Silverman E., and Skinner J. Are for-profit hospitals really different? Medicare upcoding and market structure (2000), Dartmouth College, Chicago
193. Mimeo. Simon K.I. Adverse selection in health insurance markets: evidence from state small-group health insurance markets (2000), Cornell University, Hanover, NH
194. Mimeo. Simon K.I. The effect of state insurance regulations on the price and availability of health benefits in small firms (2000), Cornell University, NY
195. Sing M., Brown R., and Hill S.C. The consequences of paying Medicare managed care plans their costs. Inquiry 35 (1998) 210-222
196. Sloan F.A. Not-for-profit ownership and hospital behavior. In: Culyer A., and Newhouse J. (Eds). Handbook of Health Economics Vol. 1B (2000), Elsevier, NY
197. Sloan F.A., and Adamache K.W. Taxation and the growth of nonwage compensation. Public Finance Quarterly 14 (1986) 115-137
198. Sloan F.A., and Conover C.J. Effects of state reforms on health insurance coverage of adults. Inquiry 35 (1998) 280-293
199. Spence A.M. Product differentiation and performance in insurance markets. Journal of Public Economics 10 (1978) 427-447
200. Spence A.M., and Zeckhauser R.J. Insurance, information, and individual action. American Economic Review, Papers and Proceedings 61 2 (1971) 380-387
201. Steuerle C.E., and Bakija J.M. Retooling Social Security for the 21st Century (1997), Urban Institute Press, Amsterdam
202. Sung H.-Y., Hu T.-W., and Keeler T.-E. Cigarette taxation and demand: an empirical model. Contemporary Economic Policy 12 (1994) 91-100
203. Swartz K., and Garnick D.W. Adverse selection and price sensitivity when low-income people have subsidies to purchase health insurance in the private market. Inquiry 37 (2000) 45-60
204. Taylor A.K., and Wilensky G.R. The effect of tax policies on expenditures for private health insurance. In: Meyer J. (Ed). Market Reforms in Health Care (1983), American Enterprise Institute, Washington, DC 15-94
205. Thorpe K.E., Hendricks A., Garnick D., Donelan K., and Newhouse J.P. Reducing the number of uninsured by subsidizing employment-based health insurance. Journal of the American Medical Association 19 (1992) 945-948
206. Tirole J. The Theory of Industrial Organization (1988), MIT Press, Washington, DC
207. Tolley G., Kenkel D.S., and Fabian R.G. Valuing Health for Policy: An Economic Approach (1994), University of Chicago Press, Cambridge, MA
208. Triplett J.E. What's different about health? Human repair and car repair in national accounts and in national health accounts. In: Cutler D., and Berndt E. (Eds). Medical Care Output and Productivity (2001), University of Chicago Press, Chicago 15-94
209. Turner R.W. Are taxes responsible for the growth in fringe benefits?. National Tax Journal 40 (1987) 205-220
210. U.S. Congressional Budget Office. Long-term Budgetary Pressures and Policy Options (1997), Government Printing Office, Chicago
211. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Preventing Tobacco Use Among Young People: A Report of the Surgeon General (1994), Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
212. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Respiratory Health Effects of Passive Smoking: Lung Cancer and Other Disorders (1992), Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
213. U.S. Joint Committee on Taxation. Estimates of Federal Tax Expenditures for the Years 2000-2004 (1999), Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
214. U.S. Physician Payment Review Commission. Annual Report to Congress (1996), Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
215. van de Ven W., and Ellis R.P. Risk adjustment in competitive health plan markets. In: Culyer A., and Newhouse J. (Eds). Handbook of Health Economics Vol. 1B (2000), Elsevier, Washington, DC 755-845
216. van de Ven W., and van Vliet R.C.J.A. Consumer surplus and adverse selection in competitive health insurance markets: an empirical study. Journal of Health Economics 14 2 (1995) 149-169
217. Viscusi W.K. The value of risks to life and health. Journal of Economic Literature 31 (1993) 1912-1946
218. Viscusi W.K. Smoking: Making the Risky Decision (1994), Oxford University Press, Amsterdam
219. Viscusi W.K. Cigarette taxation and the social consequences of smoking. In: Poterba J. (Ed). Tax Policy and the Economy (1995), MIT Press, New York 51-101
220. Vroman S., and Anderson G. The effect of income taxation on the demand for employ-provided health insurance. Applied Economics 16 (1984) 33-43
221. Waters T.M., and Sloan F.A. Why do people drink? Tests of the rational addiction model. Applied Economics 27 (1995) 727-736
222. Weisbrod B. The health care quadrilemma: an essay on technological change, insurance, quality of care, and cost containment. Journal of Economic Literature 29 (1991) 523-552
223. Weitzman M.L. Prices vs. quantities. Review of Economic Studies 41 (1974) 477-491
224. Welch W.P. The elasticity of demand for health maintenance organizations. Journal of Human Resources 21 (1986) 252-266
225. Welch W.P. Restructuring the Federal Employees Health Benefits Program: the private sector option. Inquiry 26 (1989) 321-334
226. Wilkinson R. Unhealthy Societies: The Afflictions of Inequality (1996), Routledge, Cambridge, MA
227. Wilson C. A model of insurance markets with incomplete information. Journal of Economic Theory 16 (1977) 167-207
228. Woodbury S.A. Substitution between wage and nonwage benefits. American Economic Review 73 (1983) 166-182
229. Woodbury S.A., and Hamermesh D.S. Taxes, fringe benefits and faculty. Review of Economics and Statistics 74 (1992) 287-296
230. Wrightson W., Genuardi J., and Stephens S. Demographic and utilization characteristics of HMO disenrollees. Group Health Association of American Journal (1987) 23-42
231. Yazici E.Y., and Kaestner R. Medicaid expansions and the crowding out of private health insurance. Inquiry 37 (1998) 23-32
232. Yelowitz A. The Medicaid notch, labor supply, and welfare participation: evidence from eligibility expansions. The Quarterly Journal of Economics 110 (1995) 909-939
233. Yelowitz A. Will extending Medicaid to two-parent families encourage marriage?. Journal of Human Resources 33 (1998) 833-865
234. Zeckhauser R.J. Medical insurance: a case study of the tradeoff between risk spreading and appropriate incentives. Journal of Economic Theory 2 (1970) 10-26
235. Zuckerman S., and Rajan S. An alternative approach to measuring the effects of insurance market reforms. Inquiry 36 (1999) 44-56