6-Mercaptopurine (6-MP) induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of neural progenitor cells in the developing fetal rat brain

Neurotoxicology and Teratology

Volumn 31, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 104-109

  Kanemitsu, H ^a,b   Yamauchi, H ^a   Komatsu, M ^b   Yamamoto, S ^b   Okazaki, S ^b   Uchida, K ^a   Nakayama, H ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO   (Japan)

^b BoZo Research Center Inc   (Japan)

Author keywords

6 mercaptopurine; Apoptosis; Delayed S phase progression; Fetal rat brain; G2 M arrest; p53

Indexed keywords

CELL CYCLE PROTEIN 2; CELL CYCLE PROTEIN 25A; HISTONE H3; MERCAPTOPURINE; P21 ACTIVATED KINASE; PROTEIN P53; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANIMAL TISSUE; APOPTOSIS; ARTICLE; BRAIN DEVELOPMENT; CELL CYCLE ARREST; CELL CYCLE G1 PHASE; CELL CYCLE G2 PHASE; CELL CYCLE M PHASE; CELL CYCLE S PHASE; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; FETUS DEVELOPMENT; FLOW CYTOMETRY; GENE OVEREXPRESSION; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; MITOSIS; NERVE CELL; NEUROTOXICITY; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN PHOSPHORYLATION; RAT; STEM CELL; TELENCEPHALON;

6-MERCAPTOPURINE; ANIMALS; ANTIMETABOLITES; APOPTOSIS; CELL CYCLE; CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE INHIBITOR P21; FEMALE; FETAL STEM CELLS; MALE; MATERNAL-FETAL EXCHANGE; NEURONS; PREGNANCY; RATS; RATS, SPRAGUE-DAWLEY; TELENCEPHALON; TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN P53;

RATTUS;

EID: 61849179711     PISSN: 08920362     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2008.10.001     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Adhami H., and Noack W. Histological effects of 6-mercaptopurine on the fetal rat central nervous system: a light-microscopic study. Teratology 11 (1975) 297-312
2. Arakawa T., Fujii M., and Hayashi T. Dilatation of cerebral ventricles of rat offsprings induced by 6-mercaptopurine administration to dams. J. Exp. Med. 91 (1967) 143-148
3. Atkinson M.R., Morton R.K., and Murray A.W. Inhibition of Inosine 5′-Phosphate Dehydrogenase from Ehrlich Ascites-Tumour Cells by 6-Thioninosine 5′-Phosphate. J. Biochem. 89 (1963) 167-172
4. Atkinson M.R., Morton R.K., and Murray A.W. Inhibition of adenylosuccinate synthetase and adenylosuccinate lyase from Ehrlich ascites-tumour cells by 6-thioinosine 5′-phosphate. J. Biochem. 92 (1964) 398-404
5. Banin S., Moyal L., Shieh S., Taya Y., Anderson C.W., Chessa L., Smorodinsky N.I., Prives C., Reiss Y., Shiloh Y., and Ziv Y. Enhanced phosphorylation of p53 by ATM in response to DNA damage. Science 281 (1998) 1674-1677
6. Bokkerink J.P., Stet E.H., De Abreu R.A., Damen F.J., Hulscher T.W., Bakker M.A., and van Baal J.A. 6-Mercaptopurine: cytotoxicity and biochemical pharmacology in human malignant T-lymphoblasts. Biochem. Pharmacol. 45 (1993) 1455-1463
7. Bridger W.A., and Cohen L.H. The mechanism of inhibition of Adenylosuccinate Lyase by 6-Mercaptopurine Nucleotide (Thioinosinate). Biochim. Biophys. Acta 73 (1963) 514-516
8. Canman C.E., Lim D.S., Cimprich K.A., Taya Y., Tamai K., Sakaguchi K., Appella E., Kastan M.B., and Siliciano J.D. Activation of the ATM kinase by ionizing radiation and phosphorylation of p53. Science 281 (1998) 1677-1679
9. Chang Y.C., Liao C.B., Hsieh P.Y., Liou M.L., and Liu Y.C. Expression of tumor suppressor p53 facilitates DNA repair but not UV-induced G2/M arrest or apoptosis in Chinese hamster ovary CHO-K1 cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 103 (2008) 528-537
10. Donzelli M., and Draetta G.F. Regulating mammalian checkpoints through Cdc25 inactivation. EMBO Rep. 4 (2003) 671-677
11. Dulic V., Kaufmann W.K., Wilson S.J., Tlsty T.D., Lees E., Harper J.W., Elledge S.J., and Reed S.I. p53-dependent inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase activities in human fibroblasts during radiation-induced G1 arrest. Cell 76 (1994) 1013-1023
12. Elion G.B. Symposium on immunosuppressive drugs. Biochemistry and pharmacology of purine analogues. Fed. Proc. 26 (1967) 898-904
13. Estlin E.J. Continuing therapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: clinical and cellular pharmacology of methotrexate, 6-mercaptopurine and 6-thioguanine. Cancer Treat. Rev. 27 (2001) 351-363
14. Graeber T.G., Osmanian C., Jacks T., Housman D.E., Koch C.J., Lowe S.W., and Giaccia A.J. Hypoxia-mediated selection of cells with diminished apoptotic potential in solid tumours. Nature 379 (1996) 88-91
15. Heffernan T.P., Simpson D.A., Frank A.R., Heinloth A.N., Paules R.S., Cordeiro-Stone M., and Kaufmann W.K. An ATR- and Chk1-dependent S checkpoint inhibits replicon initiation following UVC-induced DNA damage. Mol. Cell. Biol. 22 (2002) 8552-8561
16. Hendzel M.J., Wei Y., Mancini M.A., Van Hooser A., Ranalli T., Brinkley B.R., Bazett-Jones D.P., and Allis C.D. Mitosis-specific phosphorylation of histone H3 initiates primarily within pericentromeric heterochromatin during G2 and spreads in an ordered fashion coincident with mitotic chromosome condensation. Chromosoma 106 (1997) 348-360
17. Hoffmann I., Draetta G., and Karsenti E. Activation of the phosphatase activity of human cdc25A by a cdk2-cyclin E dependent phosphorylation at the G1/S transition. J. Embo 13 (1994) 4302-4310
18. Hoki H. Mechanism of delayed cytotoxic action of 6-mercaptopurine. Mie Med. J. 40 (1990) 99-107
19. Hunter T. Protein kinases and phosphatases: the yin and yang of protein phosphorylation and signaling. Cell 80 (1995) 225-236
20. Jinno S., Suto K., Nagata A., Igarashi M., Kanaoka Y., Nojima H., and Okayama H. Cdc25A is a novel phosphatase functioning early in the cell cycle. Embo J. 13 (1994) 1549-1556
21. H. Kanemitsu, H. Yamauchi, M. Komatsu, S. Yamamoto, S. Okazaki, H. Nakayama, Time-course changes in neural cell apoptosis in the rat fetal brain from dams treated with 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP), Histol. Histopathol. (in press).
22. Kastan M.B., Onyekwere O., Sidransky D., Vogelstein B., and Craig R.W. Participation of p53 protein in the cellular response to DNA damage. Cancer Res. 51 (1991) 6304-6311
23. Katayama K., Ueno M., Yamauchi H., Nagata T., Nakayama H., and Doi K. Ethylnitrosourea induces neural progenitor cell apoptosis after S-phase accumulation in a p53-dependent manner. Neurobiol. Dis. 18 (2005) 218-225
24. Kubota Y., Takahashi S., Sun X.Z., Sato H., Aizawa S., and Yoshida K. Radiation-induced tissue abnormalities in fetal brain are related to apoptosis immediately after irradiation. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 76 (2000) 649-659
25. Lakin N.D., and Jackson S.P. Regulation of p53 in response to DNA damage. Oncogene 18 (1999) 7644-7655
26. Levine A.J. p53, the cellular gatekeeper for growth and division. Cell 88 (1997) 323-331
27. McCollister R.J., Gilbert W.R., Ashton Jr. D.M., and Wyngaarden J.B. Pseudofeedback inhibition of Purine Synthesis by 6-Mercaptopurine Ribonucleotide and other Purine Analogues. J. Biol. Chem. 239 (1964) 1560-1563
28. Nam C., Yamauchi H., Nakayama H., and Doi K. Etoposide induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of neuroepithelial cells in a p53-related manner. Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 28 (2006) 664-672
29. Nielsen O.H., Vainer B., and Rask-Madsen J. Review article: the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease with 6-mercaptopurine or azathiopurine. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 15 (2001) 1699-1708
30. Norgard B., Pedersen L., Fonager K., Rasmussen S.N., and Sorensen H.T. Azathioprine, mercaptopurine and birth outcome: a population-based cohort study. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 17 (2003) 827-834
31. Nyberg K.A., Michelson R.J., Putnam C.W., and Weinert T.A. Toward maintaining the genome: DNA damage and replication checkpoints. Annu. Rev. Genet. 36 (2002) 617-656
32. Pines J., and Hunter T. Human cyclins A and B1 are differentially located in the cell and undergo cell cycle-dependent nuclear transport. J. Cell Biol. 115 (1991) 1-17
33. Polyak K., Waldman T., He T.C., Kinzler K.W., and Vogelstein B. Genetic determinants of p53-induced apoptosis and growth arrest. Genes Dev. 10 (1996) 1945-1952
34. Sancar A., Lindsey-Boltz L.A., Unsal-Kacmaz K., and Linn S. Molecular mechanisms of mammalian DNA repair and the DNA damage checkpoints. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 73 (2004) 39-85
35. Shieh S.Y., Ikeda M., Taya Y., and Prives C. DNA damage-induced phosphorylation of p53 alleviates inhibition by MDM2. Cell 91 (1997) 325-334
36. Tidd D.M., and Paterson A.R. A biochemical mechanism for the delayed cytotoxic reaction of 6-mercaptopurine. Cancer Res. 34 (1974) 738-746
37. Ueno M., Katayama K., Yasoshima A., Nakayama H., and Doi K. 5-Azacytidine (5AzC)-induced histopathological changes in the central nervous system of rat fetuses. Exp. Toxicol. Pathol. 54 (2002) 91-96
38. Watanabe N., Broome M., and Hunter T. Regulation of the human WEE1Hu CDK tyrosine 15-kinase during the cell cycle. J. Embo 14 (1995) 1878-1891
39. Wotring L.L., and Roti Roti J.L. Thioguanine-induced S and G2 blocks and their significance to the mechanism of cytotoxicity. Cancer Res. 40 (1980) 1458-1462
40. Yamane K., Taylor K., and Kinsella T.J. Mismatch repair-mediated G2/M arrest by 6-thioguanine involves the ATR-Chk1 pathway. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 318 (2004) 297-302
41. Yamauchi H., Katayama K., Ueno M., Uetsuka K., Nakayama H., and Doi K. Involvement of p53 in 1-beta-d-arabinofuranosylcytosine-induced rat fetal brain lesions. Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 26 (2004) 579-586
42. Yan T., Berry S.E., Desai A.B., and Kinsella T.J. DNA mismatch repair (MMR) mediates 6-thioguanine genotoxicity by introducing single-strand breaks to signal a G2-M arrest in MMR-proficient RKO cells. Clin. Cancer Res. 9 (2003) 2327-2334
43. Zhou B.B., and Elledge S.J. The DNA damage response: putting checkpoints in perspective. Nature 408 (2000) 433-439