Airborne particulate matter, platinum group elements and human health: A review of recent evidence

Science of the Total Environment

Volumn 407, Issue 8, 2009, Pages 2493-2500

  Wiseman, Clare L S ^a   Zereini, Fathi ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^b GOETHE UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

Author keywords

Airborne particulate matter; Automobile emissions; Catalytic converters; Health risks; Platinum group elements

Indexed keywords

AIRBORNE PARTICULATE MATTER; AUTOMOBILE EMISSIONS; CELLULAR DAMAGES; ENVIRONMENTAL CONCENTRATIONS; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES; ENVIRONMENTAL LEVELS; FINE FRACTIONS; HEALTH EFFECTS; HUMAN HEALTHS; PLATINUM GROUP ELEMENTS; TOXIC SPECIES;

BIOCHEMISTRY; CATALYTIC CONVERTERS; CHLORINE COMPOUNDS; HEALTH; PALLADIUM; PARTICULATE EMISSIONS; PERMANENT MAGNETS; PLATINUM; RHODIUM; RISK PERCEPTION; TOXICITY; TRANSITION METALS;

HEALTH RISKS;

BIOAVAILABILITY; CATALYSIS; CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT; HEALTH RISK; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; PARTICULATE MATTER; TOXICITY; TRAFFIC EMISSION;

AIR POLLUTANTS; BIOLOGICAL AVAILABILITY; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; HUMANS; METALS, HEAVY; PALLADIUM; PARTICULATE MATTER; PLATINUM; RHODIUM; RISK ASSESSMENT;

EID: 61449240015     PISSN: 00489697     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.12.057     Document Type: Review

References (90)

1. Alt F., Bambauer A., Hoppstock K., Mergler B., and Tölg G. Platinum traces in airborne particulate matter. Determination of whole content, particle size distribution and soluble platinum. Fresenius J Anal Chem 346 (1993) 693-696
2. Artelt S., Kock H., König H.P., Levsen K., and Rosner G. Engine dynamometer experiments: platinum emissions from differently aged three-way catalytic converters. Atmos Environ 33 (1999) 3559-3567
3. Artelt S., Levsen K., König H.P., and Rosner G. Engine test bench experiments to determine platinum emissions from three-way catalytic converters. In: Zereini F., and Alt F. (Eds). Anthropogenic platinum group element emissions. Their impact on man and environment (2000), Springer-Verlag, Berlin 33-44
4. Barbante C., Veysseyre A., Ferrari C., Van de Velde K., Morel C., Capodoglio G., et al. Greenland snow evidence of large scale atmospheric contamination for platinum, palladium and rhodium. Environ Sci Tech 35 (2001) 835-839
5. Binet A., and Volfin P. Effect of an anti-tumor platinum complex, Pt(II)diaminotoluene, on mitochondrial-membrane properties. Biochim Biophys Acta 461 (1977) 182-187
6. Bocca B., Caimi S., Smichowski P., Gomez D., and Caroli S. Monitoring Pt and Rh in urban aerosols from Buenos Aires, Argentina. Sci Total Environ 358 (2006) 255-264
7. Brauer M., Hoek G., Smit H.A., de Jongste J.C., Gerritsen J., Postma D.S., et al. Air pollution and development of asthma, allergy and infections in a birth cohort. Eur Respir J 29 (2007) 879-888
8. Burnett R.T., Smith-Doiron M., Stieb D., Cakmak S., and Brook J.R. Effects of particulate and gaseous air pollution on cardiorespiratory hospitalizations. Arch Envtl Hlth 54 (1999) 130-139
9. Burnett R.T., Brook J., Dann T., Delocla C., Philips O., Cakmak S., et al. Association between particulate- and gas-phase components of urban air pollution and daily mortality in eight Canadian cities. Inhal Toxicol 12 (2000) 15-39
10. Caroli S., Alimonti A., Petrucci F., Bocca B., Krachler M., Forastiere F., et al. Assessment of exposure to platinum-group metals in urban children. Spectrochim Acta B 56 (2001) 1241-1248
11. Carter J.D., Ghio A.J., Samet J.M., and Devlin R.B. Cytokine production by human airway epithelial cells after exposure to an air pollution particles is metal-dependent. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 146 (1997) 180-188
12. Colombo C, Monhemius AJ, Plant JA, Platinum, palladium and rhodium release from vehicle exhaust catalysts and road dust exposed to simulated lung fluids. Ecotox Environ Safe 2008a; in press.
13. Colombo C., Monhemius A.J., and Plant J.A. The estimation of the bioavailabilities of platinum, palladium and rhodium in vehicle exhaust catalysts and road dusts using a physiologically based extraction test. Sci Total Environ 389 (2008) 46-51
14. Costa D.L., and Dreher K.L. Bioavailable transition metals in particulate matter mediate cardiopulmonary injury in healthy and compromised animal models. Environ Health Persp 105 (1997) 1053-1060
15. Cristaudo A., Sera F., Severino V., De Rocco M., Di Lella E., and Picardo M. Occupational hypersensitivity to metal salts, including platinum, in the secondary industry. Allergy 60 (2005) 159-164
16. Dahlheimer S.R., Neal C.R., and Fein J.B. Potential mobilization of platinum-group elements by siderophores in surface environments. Environ Sci Technol 41 (2007) 870-875
17. Dillner A.N., Shafer M.M., and Schauer J.J. A novel method using polyurethane foam (PUF) substrates to determine trace element concentrations in size-segregated atmospheric particulate matter on short time scales. Aerosol Sci Tech 41 (2007) 75-85
18. Djingova R., Kovacheva P., Wagner G., and Markert B. Distribution of platinum group elements and other traffic related elements among different plants along some highways in Germany. Sci Total Environ 308 (2003) 235-246
19. Dockery D.W., Pope C.A., Xu X., Spengler J.D., Ware J.H., Fay M.E., et al. As association between air pollution and mortality in six US cities. N Eng J Med 329 (1993) 1753-1759
20. Ek K.H., Rauch S., Morrison G.M., and Lindberg P. Platinum group elements in raptor eggs, faeces, blood, liver and kidney. Sci Total Environ 334/335 (2004) 149-159
21. Frazzoli C., Dragone R., Mantovani A., Massimi C., and Campanella L. Functional toxicity and tolerance patterns of bioavailable Pd(II), Pt(II), and Rh(III) on suspended Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells assayed in tandem by a respirometric biosensor. Anal Bioanal Chem 389 (2007) 2185-2194
22. Gagnon Z.E., Newkirk C., and Hicks S. Impact of platinum group metals on the environment: a toxicological, genotoxic and analytical chemistry study. J Environ Sci Heal A 41 (2006) 397-414
23. Gagnon Z.E., and Patel A. Induction of metallothionein in chick embryos as a mechanism of tolerance to platinum group metal exposure. J Environ Sci Heal A 42 (2007) 381-387
24. Gebel T., Lantzsch H., Pleßow K., and Dunkelberg H. Genotoxicity of platinum and palladium compounds in human and bacterial cells. Mutat Res-Gen Tox En 389 (1997) 183-190
25. Gomez B., Gomez M., Sanchez J.L., Fernandez R., and Palacios M.A. Platinum and rhodium distribution in airborne particulate matter and road dust. Sci Total Environ 269 (2001) 131-144
26. Gomez B., Palacios M.A., Gomez M., Sanchez J.L., Morrison G., Rauch S., et al. Levels and risk assessment for humans and ecosystems of platinum-group elements in the airborne particles and road dust of some European cities. Sci Total Environ 299 (2002) 1-19
27. Griem P., and Gleichmann E. Metal ion-induced autoimmunity. Curr Opin Immunol 7 (1995) 831-838
28. Häsänen E., Kinnunen E., and Alhonen P. Relationships between the prevalence of multiple sclerosis and some physical and chemical properties of soil. Sci Total Environ 58 (1986) 263-272
29. Hatch G.E., Slade R., Boykin E., Hu P.C., Miller F.J., and Gardner D.E. Correlation of effects of inhaled versus intratracheally-injected metals on susceptibility to respiratory tract infection in mice. Am J Respir Dis 124 (1985) 167-173
30. Helm D. Association between palladium urinary concentrations and diseases of the thyroid and the immune system. Sci Total Environ 299 (2002) 247-249
31. Hemdan Y.A., Emmrich F., Faber S., Lehmann J., and Sack U. Alterations of Th1/Th2 reactivity by heavy metals. Possible consequences include induction of autoimmune diseases. Ann NY Acad Sci 1109 (2007) 129-137
32. 2 in the rat. Int J Hyg Environ Health 205 (2002) 239-244
33. IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer). Some antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agents: summary of data reported and evaluation. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans vol. 26 (1981). http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/vol26/volume26.pdf Available at: http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/vol26/volume26.pdf (accessed: May 10, 2008)
34. Janssen N.A.H., Brunekreef B., van Vliet P., Aarts F., Meliefste K., Harssema H., et al. The relationship between air pollution from heavy traffic and allergic sensitization, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and respiratory symptoms in Dutch schoolchildren. Environ Health Perspect 111 (2003) 1512-1518
35. Jarvis K., Parry S., and Piper M. Temporal and spatial studies of autocatalyst-derived platinum, rhodium, and palladium and selected vehicle-derived trace elements in the environment. Environ Sci Technol 35 (2001) 1031-1036
36. Johnson Matthey. Platinum-annual report (2007), Johnson Matthey, London 104
37. Kanitsar K., Koellensperger G., Hann S., Limbeck A., Puxbaum H., and Stingeder G. Determination of Pt, Pd and Rh by inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry (ICP-SFMS) in size-classified urban aerosol samples. J Anal At Spectrom 18 (2003) 239-246
38. Klaassen C.D., and Lui J. Induction of metallothionein as an adaptive mechanism affecting the magnitude and progression of toxicological injury. Environ Health Perspect 106 (1998) 1-8
39. Kraemer S.M. Iron oxide dissolution and solubility in the presence of siderophores. Aquat Sci 66 (2004) 3-18
40. Kränke B., Binder M., Derhaschnig J., Komericki P., Pirkhammer D., Ziegler V., et al. Epikutantestung mit der "Standardreihe Österreich"-Testepidemiologische Kenngrößen und Ergebnisse. Wien Klin Wochenschr 107 (1985) 323-330
41. Lavicoli I., Bocca B., Petrucci F., Senofonte O., Carelli G., Alimonti A., et al. Biomonitoring of traffic police officers exposed to airborne platinum. Occup Environ Med 61 (2004) 636-639
42. Lawrence D.A., and McCabe Jr. M.J. Immunomodulation by metals. Int Immunopharmacol 2 (2002) 293-302
43. Leffel E.K., Wolf C., Poklis A., and White Jr. K.L. Drinking water exposure to cadmium, an environmental contaminant, results in the exacerbation of autoimmune disease in the murine model. Toxicology 188 (2003) 233-250
44. Lustig S., Zang S., Beck W., and Schramel P. Dissolution of metallic platinum as water soluble species by naturally occurring complexing agents. Microchim Acta 129 (1998) 189-194
45. Makri A., Goveia M., Balbus J., and Parkin R. Children's susceptibility to chemicals: a review by developmental stage. J Toxicol Env Health B 7 (2004) 417-435
46. Merget R., Schultze-Werninghaus G., Muthorst T., Friedrich W., and Meier-Sydow J. Asthma due to the complex salts of platinum-a cross-sectional survey of workers in a platinum refinery. Clin Exp Allergy 18 (1988) 569-580
47. Merget R., and Rosner G. Evaluation of the health risk of platinum group metals emitted from automotive catalytic converters. Sci Total Environ 270 (2001) 165-173
48. Migliore L., Frenzilli G., Nesti C., Fortaner S., and Sabbioni E. Cytogenic and oxidative damage induced in human lymphocytes by platinum, rhodium and palladium compounds. Mutagenesis 17 (2002) 411-417
49. Moldovan M., Rauch S., Gomez M., Palacios M., and Morrison G.M. Bioaccumulation of palladium, platinum and rhodium from urban particulates and sediments by the freshwater isopod Asellus aquaticus. Water Res 35 (2001) 4175-4183
50. Moldovan M., Palacios M.A., Gomez M.M., Morrison G., Rauch S., McLeod C., et al. Environmental risk of particulate and soluble platinum group elements released from gasoline and diesel engine catalytic converters. Sci Total Environ 296 (2002) 199-208
51. 191Pt in rats following different routes of exposure. Environ Res 9 (1975) 152-158
52. Nowack B., Kari F.G., and Krüger H.G. The remobilization of metals from iron oxides and sediments by metal-EDTA complexes. Water Air Soil Poll 125 (2001) 243-257
53. Orion E., Matz H., and Wolf R. Palladium allergy in an Israeli contact dermatitis clinic. Contact Dermatitis 49 (2003) 216-217
54. Palacios M., Gomez M., Moldovan M., Morrison G., Rauch S., McLeod C., et al. Platinum group elements: quantification in collected exhaust fumes and studies of catalyst surfaces. Sci Total Environ 257 (2000) 1-15
55. Park J.D., Lui Y., and Klaassen C.D. Protective effect of metallothionein against the toxicity of cadmium and other metals. Toxicology 163 (2001) 93-100
56. Peijnenburg W.J.G.M., Posthuma L., Eijsackers H.J.P., and Allen E.H. A conceptual framework for implementation of bioavailability of metals for environmental management purposes. Ecotox Environ Safe 37 (1997) 163-172
57. Purdey M. Chronic barium intoxication disrupts sulphated proteoglycan synthesis: a hypothesis for the origins of multiple sclerosis. Med Hypotheses 62 (2004) 746-754
58. Rauch S., Lu M., and Morrison G.M. Heterogeneity of platinum group metals in airborne particles. Environ Sci Technol 35 (2001) 595-599
59. Rauch S., Hemond H.F., Peucker-Ehrenbrink B., Ek K.H., and Morrison G.M. Platinum group element concentrations and osmium isotopic composition in urban airborne particles from Boston, Massachusetts. Env Sci Technol 39 (2005) 9464-9470
60. Rauch S., Peucker-Ehrenbrink B., Molina L.T., Molina M.J., Ramos R., and Hemond H. Platinum group elements in airborne particles in Mexico City. Environ Sci Technol 40 (2006) 7554-7560
61. Ravindra K., Bencs L., and Van Grieken R. Platinum group elements in the environment and their health risk. Sci Total Environ 318 (2004) 1-43
62. Rosen M., Figliomeni M., and Simpkins H. The interaction of platinum antitumor drugs with mouse-liver mitochondria. Int J Exp Pathol 73 (1992) 61-74
63. Santucci B., Valenzano C., de Rocco M., and Cristaudo A. Platinum in the environment: frequency of reactions to platinum-group elements in patients with dermatitis and urticaria. Contact Dermatitis 43 (2000) 333-338
64. Schäfer J., Hannker D., Eckhardt J.D., and Stüben D. Uptake of traffic-related heavy metals and platinum group elements (PGE) by plants. Sci Total Environ 215 (1998) 59-67
65. Schierl R. Environmental monitoring of platinum in air and urine. Microchem J 67 (2000) 245-248
66. Schiffer R.B., McDermott M.P., and Copley C. A multiple sclerosis cluster associated with a small, north-central Illinois community. Arch Environ Health 56 (2001) 389-395
67. Schlögl R., Indlekofer G., and Oelhafen P. Mikropartikelemissionen von Verbrennungsmotoren mit Abgasreinigung, Röntgen-Photoelektronenspektroskopie in der Umweltanalytik. Angew Chem 99 (1987) 312-322
68. Schmid M., Zimmermann S., Krug H.F., and Sures B. Influence of platinum, palladium and rhodium as compared with cadmium, nickel and chromium on cell viability and oxidative stress in human bronchial epithelial cells. Environ Internat 33 (2007) 385-390
69. Shins R.P.F., Polat D., Begerow J., Turfeld M., Becker A., and Borm P.J.A. Platinum levels in nasal lavage fluid as a biomarker for traffic-related exposure and inflammation in children. Sci Total Environ 334/335 (2004) 447-455
70. Schwartz J. Short term fluctuations in air pollution and hospital admissions of the elderly for respiratory disease. Thorax 50 (1995) 531-538
71. Sures B., Zimmermann S., Messerschmidt J., von Bohlen A., and Alt F. First report on the uptake of automobile catalyst emitted palladium by European eels (Anguilla anguilla) following experimental exposure to road dus. Environ Pollut 11 (2001) 341-345
72. Vaughan G.T., and Florence T.M. Platinum in the human diet, blood, hair and excreta. Sci Total Environ 111 (1992) 47-58
73. Ward J.M., Young D.M., Fauvie K.A., Wolpert M.K., Davis R., and Guarino A.M. Comparative nephrotoxicity of platinum cancer chemotherapeutic agents. Cancer Treat Rep 60 (1976) 1675-1678
74. Wataha J.C., Hanks C.T., and Sun Z. In vitro reaction of macrophages to metal ions from dental biomaterials. Dent Mater 11 (1995) 239-245
75. Watsky K.L. Occupational allergic contact dermatitis to platinum, palladium and gold. Contact Dermatitis 57 (2007) 382-383
76. Whiteley J.D., and Murray F. Anthropogenic platinum group element (Pt, Pd and Rh) concentrations in road dusts and roadside soils from Perth, Western Australia. Sci Total Environ 317 (2003) 121-135
77. WHO. Platinum. Environmental Health Criteria Series, No. 125. International Programme on Chemical Safety (1991), WHO, Geneva 167 pp.
78. WHO. Palladium. Environmental Health Criteria Series, No. 226. International Program on Chemical Safety (2002), WHO, Geneva 201 pp.
79. Wigle D.T., Arbuckle T.E., Walker M., Wade M.G., Liu S., and Krewski D. Environmental hazards: evidence for effects on child health. J Toxicol Env Health B 10 (2007) 3-39
80. Wilson M.R., Lightbody J.H., Donaldson K., Sales J., and Stone V. Interactions between ultrafine particles and transition metals invivo and in vitro. Toxicol App Pharmacol 184 (2002) 172-179
81. Winer A.M., and Behrentz E. Estimates of nitrous oxide emissions from motor vehicles and the effects of catalyst composition and aging. Final report, submitted to the State of California Air Resources Board (Contract No. 02-313) (2005) 216 p.
82. Wood S.A. The role of humic substances in the transport and fixation of metals of economic interest (Au, Pt, Pd, U, V). Ore Geol Rev 11 (1996) 1-31
83. Zelikoff J.T., Schermerhorn K.R., Fang K., Cohen M.D., and Schlesinger R.B. A role for associated transition metals in the immunotoxicity of inhaled ambient particulate matter. Environ Health Persp 110 (2002) 871-875
84. Zereini F., Skerstupp B., Alt F., Helmers E., and Urban H. Geochemical behaviour of platinum-group elements (PGE) in particulate emissions by automobile exhaust catalysts: experimental results and environmental investigations. Sci Total Environ 206 (1997) 137-146
85. Zereini F., and Golwer A. Geochemisches Verhalten von Platinmetalle aus Autoabgaskatalysatoren in Sedimenten und im Wasser aus einem Versickerbecken. In: Zereini F., and Alt F. (Eds). Emissionen von Platinmetallen: Analytik, Umwelt- und Gesundheitsrelevanz (1999), Springer-Verlag, Berlin 259-266
86. Zereini F., Wiseman C., Alt F., Messerschmidt J., Müller J., and Urban H. Platinum and rhodium concentrations in airborne particulate matter in Germany from 1988 to 1998. Environ Sci Technol 35 (2001) 1996-2000
87. Zereini F., Alt F., Messerschmidt J., von Bohlen A., Liebl K., and Püttmann W. Concentration and distribution of platinum group elements (Pt, Pd, Rh) in airborne particulate matter in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Environ Sci Technol 38 (2004) 1686-1692
88. Zereini F., Alt F., Messerschmidt J., Wiseman C., Feldmann I., von Bohlen A., et al. Concentration and particle size distribution of heavy metals in urban airborne particulate matter in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Environ Sci Technol 39 (2005) 2983-2989
89. Zereini F., Wiseman C., and Püttmann W. Changes in palladium, platinum and rhodium concentrations and their spatial distribution in soils along a major highway in Germany from 1994 to 2004. Environ Sci Technol 41 (2007) 451-456
90. Zimmermann S., Menzel C.M., Stüben D., Taraschewski H., and Sures B. Lipid solubility of the platinum group metals Pt, Pd and Rh in dependence on the presence of complexing agents. Environ Pollut 124 (2003) 1-5