Alterations of Th1/Th2 reactivity by heavy metals: Possible consequences include induction of autoimmune diseases

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

Volumn 1109, Issue , 2007, Pages 129-137

  Hemdan, Nasr Y A ^a,b,c   Emmrich, Frank ^a,b   Faber, Sonya ^b   Lehmann, Joerg ^b   Sack, Ulrich ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEIPZIG   (Germany)

^b FRAUNHOFER INSTITUTE FOR CELL THERAPY AND IMMUNOLOGY   (Germany)

^c Institute für Klinische Immunologie und Transfusionsmedizin   (Germany)

Author keywords

Autoimmune diseases; Cytokines; Heavy metals; Infection; Mice; Th1 Th2 immune response

Indexed keywords

HEAVY METAL; CYTOKINE;

AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE; AUTOIMMUNITY; CELLULAR IMMUNITY; CONFERENCE PAPER; HUMAN; IMMUNOREACTIVITY; INCIDENCE; NONHUMAN; TH1 CELL; TH2 CELL; ANIMAL; BLOOD; CHEMICALLY INDUCED DISORDER; DRUG EFFECT; IMMUNOLOGY; PATHOLOGY; REVIEW;

MUS;

ANIMALS; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES; CYTOKINES; HUMANS; METALS, HEAVY; TH1 CELLS; TH2 CELLS;

EID: 34848877534     PISSN: 00778923     EISSN: 17496632     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1196/annals.1398.015     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (57)

1. LAWRENCE, D.A. & M.J. MCCABE, JR. 2002. Immunomodulation by metals. Int. Immunopharmacol. 2: 293-302.
2. ERB, K.J. et al. 1997. Constitutive expression of interleukin (IL)-4 in vivo causes autoimmune-type disorders in mice. J. Exp. Med. 185: 329-340.
3. TCHOUNWOU, P.B. et al. 2003. Environmental exposure to mercury and its toxicopathologic implications for public health. Environ. Toxicol. 18: 149-175.
4. ROWLEY, B. & M. MONESTIER. 2005. Mechanisms of heavy metal-induced autoimmunity. Mol. Immunol. 42: 833-838.
5. HAVARINASAB, S. & P. HULTMAN. 2005. Organic mercury compounds and autoimmunity. Autoimmun. Rev. 4: 270-275.
6. SILBERGELD, E.K. et al. 2005. Mercury and autoimmunity: implications for occupational and environmental health. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 207: 282-292.
7. POLLARD, K.M. et al. 2001. Xenobiotic acceleration of idiopathic systemic autoimmunity in lupus-prone BXSB mice. Environ. Health Perspect. 109: 27-33.
8. HAVARINASAB, S. & P. HULTMAN. 2006. Alteration of the spontaneous systemic autoimmune disease in (NZB x NZW)F1 mice by treatment with thimerosal (ethyl mercury). Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 214: 43-54.
9. HULTMAN, P. et al. 1992. Murine susceptibility to mercury. I. Autoantibody profiles and systemic immune deposits in inbred, congenic, and intra-H-2 recombinant strains. Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. 65: 98-109.
10. HULTMAN, P. et al. 1996. Murine genotype influences the specificity, magnitude and persistence of murine mercury-induced autoimmunity. J. Autoimmun. 9: 139-149.
11. HULTMAN, P. & S. ENESTROM. 1987. The induction of immune complex deposits in mice by peroral and parenteral administration of mercuric chloride: strain dependent susceptibility. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 67: 283-292.
12. HULTMAN, P. & H. HANSSON-GEORGIADIS. 1999. Methyl mercury-induced autoimmunity in mice. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 154: 203-211.
13. POLLARD, K.M. et al. 1999. Lupus-prone mice as models to study xenobiotic-induced acceleration of systemic autoimmunity. Environ. Health Perspect. 107 (Suppl 5): 729-735.
14. VIA, C.S. et al. 2003. Low-dose exposure to inorganic mercury accelerates disease and mortality in acquired murine lupus. Environ. Health Perspect. 111: 1273-1277.
15. HULTMAN, P. et al. 1994. Selective induction of anti-fibrillarin autoantibodies by silver nitrate in mice. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 96: 285-291.
16. SCHUHMANN, D. et al. 1990. Adverse immune reactions to gold. I. Chronic treatment with an Au(I) drug sensitizes mouse T cells not to Au(I), but to Au(III) and induces autoantibody formation. J. Immunol. 145: 2132-2139.
17. GRIEM, P. & E. GLEICHMANN. 1995. Metal ion induced autoimmunity. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 7: 831-838.
18. HANSSON, M. & M. ABEDI-VALUGERDI. 2003. Xenobiotic metal-induced autoimmunity: mercury and silver differentially induce antinucleolar autoantibody production in susceptible H-2s, H-2q and H-2f mice. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 131: 405-414.
19. SWEET, L.I. & J.T. ZELIKOFF. 2001. Toxicology and immunotoxicology of mercury: a comparative review in fish and humans. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B Crit. Rev. 4: 161-205.
20. BERNARD, A.M. et al. 1987. Search for anti-laminin antibodies in the serum of workers exposed to cadmium, mercury vapour or lead. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 59: 303-309.
21. LAUWERYS, R. et al. 1983. Anti-laminin antibodies in workers exposed to mercury vapour. Toxicol. Lett. 17: 113-116.
22. ARNETT, F.C. et al. 2000. Urinary mercury levels in patients with autoantibodies to U3-RNP (fibrillarin). J. Rheumatol. 27: 405-410.
23. SCHRALLHAMMER-BENKLER, K. et al. 1992. Acute mercury intoxication with lichenoid drug eruption followed by mercury contact allergy and development of antinuclear antibodies. Acta Derm. Venereol. 72: 294-296.
24. ENESTROM, S. & P. HULTMAN. 1995. Does amalgam affect the immune system? A controversial issue. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. 106: 180-203.
25. RÖGER, J. et al. 1992. Systemic autoimmune disease in a patient with long-standing exposure to mercury. Eur. J. Dermatol. 2: 168-170.
26. FOURNIE, G.J. et al. 2002. Th2-type immunopathological manifestations induced by mercury chloride or gold salts in the rat: signal transduction pathways, cellular mechanisms and genetic control. Autoimmun. Rev. 1: 205-212.
27. HEMDAN, N.Y.A. et al. 2005. Dose-dependent modulation of the in vitro cytokine production of human immune competent cells by lead salts. Toxicol. Sci. 86: 75-83.
28. HEMDAN, N.Y.A. et al. 2006. The in vitro immune modulation by cadmium depends on the way of cell activation. Toxicology 222: 37-45.
29. HEMDAN, N.Y.A et al. 2007. Immunomodulation by mercuric chloride in vitro: application of different cell activation pathways. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 148: 325-327.
30. MOSMANN, T.R. & K.W. MOORE. 1991. The role of IL-10 in crossregulation of TH1 and TH2 responses. Immunol. Today 12: A49-A53.
31. MOSMANN, T.R. & S. SAD. 1996. The expanding universe of T-cell subsets: Th1, Th2 and more. Immunol. Today 17: 138-146.
32. ROMAGNANI, S. 1991. Human TH1 and TH2 subsets: doubt no more. Immunol. Today 12: 256-257.
33. YAMAMOTO, M. et al. 2000. IL-6 is required for the development of Th1 cell-mediated murine colitis. J. Immunol. 164: 4878-4882.
34. SEDER, R.A. et al. 1992. The presence of interleukin 4 during in vitro priming determines the lymphokine-producing potential of CD4+ T cells from T cell receptor transgenic mice. J. Exp. Med. 176: 1091-1098.
35. ABBAS, A.K. et al. 1996. Functional diversity of helper T lymphocytes. Nature 383: 787-793.
36. LAFAILLE, J.J. 1998. The role of helper T cell subsets in autoimmune diseases. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 9: 139-151.
37. HULTMAN, P. et al. 1995. Murine mercury-induced autoimmunity: the role of Thelper cells. J. Autoimmun. 8: 809-823.
38. SANTIAGO, M.L. et al. 1997. Interleukin-4 protects against a genetically linked lupus-like autoimmune syndrome. J. Exp. Med. 185: 65-70.
39. NAMAZI, M.R. 2006. Treatment of acne could lead to the better control of cellular autoimmune disorders. Med. Hypotheses 66: 446-447.
40. HAGGQVIST, B. & P. HULTMAN. 2003. Effects of deviating the Th2-response in murine mercury-induced autoimmunity towards a Th1-response. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 134: 202-209.
41. WAALKES, M.P. et al. 2000. Metals and disorders of cell accumulation: modulation of apoptosis and cell proliferation. Toxicol. Sci. 56: 255-261.
42. WU, Z. et al. 2001. IL-4 gene expression up-regulated by mercury in rat mast cells: a role of oxidant stress in IL-4 transcription. Int. Immunol. 13: 297-304.
43. MARTINSSON, K. & P. HULTMAN. 2006. The role of Fc-receptors in murine mercury-induced systemic autoimmunity. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 144: 309-318.
44. LEFFEL, E.K. et al. 2003. Drinking water exposure to cadmium, an environmental contaminant, results in the exacerbation of autoimmune disease in the murine model. Toxicology 188: 233-250.
45. MARTIN, S.F. 2004. T lymphocyte-mediated immune responses to chemical haptens and metal ions: implications for allergic and autoimmune disease. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. 134: 186-198.
46. HULTMAN, P. & S. ENESTROM. 1992. Dose-response studies in murine mercuryinduced autoimmunity and immune-complex disease. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 113: 199-208.
47. WARFVINGE, K. et al. 1995. Systemic autoimmunity due to mercury vapor exposure in genetically susceptible mice: dose-response studies. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 132: 299-309.
48. OLIVEIRA, D.B.G. et al. 1995. Compounds that induce autoimmunity in the Brown-Norway Rat sensitize mast-cells for mediator release and interleukin-4 expression. Eur. J. Immun. 25: 2259-2264.
49. WU, Z. et al. 2004. Reactive oxygen species in the initiation of IL-4 driven autoimmunity as a potential therapeutic target. Curr. Pharm. Des. 10: 899-913.
50. SAPIN, C. et al. 1984. Polyclonal IgE increase after HgCl2 injections in BN and LEW rats: a genetic analysis. Immunogenetics 20: 227-236.
51. BAGENSTOSE, L.M. et al. 1999. Murine mercury-induced autoimmunity: a model of chemically related autoimmunity in humans. Immunol. Res. 20: 67-78.
52. OCHEL, M. et al. 1991. IL-4 is required for the IgE and IgG1 increase and IgG1 autoantibody formation in mice treated with mercuric chloride. J. Immunol. 146: 3006-3011.
53. HULTMAN, P. et al. 1995. Murine mercury-induced autoimmunity: the role of Thelper cells. J. Autoimmun. 8: 809-823.
54. MACPHEE, I.A.M. et al. 2001. CD80(B7.1) and CD86(B7.2) Do not have distinct roles in setting the Th1/Th2 balance in autoimmunity in rats. Scand. J. Immun. 54: 486-494.
55. MACPHEE, I.A.M. et al. 2002. The Th2-response in mercuric chloride-induced autoimmunity requires continuing costimulation via CD28. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 129: 405-410.
56. KONO, D.H. et al. 1998. The prototypic Th2 autoimmunity induced by mercury is dependent on IFN-{gamma} and not Th1/Th2 imbalance. J. Immunol. 161: 234.
57. POLLARD, K.M. et al. 2004. Costimulation requirements of induced murine systemic autoimmune disease. J. Immunol. 173: 5880-5887.