Generators and interpretors in a performing arts population: Dissociation, trauma, fantasy proneness, and affective states

Creativity Research Journal

Volumn 21, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 72-91

  Thomson, Paula ^a,d   Keehn, E B ^b   Gumpel, Thomas P ^c  

^a YORK UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b Hebrew University of Jerusalem ^*

^c HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM   (Israel)

^d Department of Physics   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 60849099654     PISSN: 10400419     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10400410802633533     Document Type: Article

References (194)

1. Albert, R. S. (1975), Toward a behavioral definition of genius, American Psychologist, February, 140-151.
2. Albert, R. S. (1996). What the study of eminence can teach us. Creativity Research Journal, 9, 307-315.
3. Allen, J. G., Fultz, J., Huntoon, J., & Brethour, J. R. (2002). Pathological dissociative taxon membership, absorption and reported childhood trauma in women with trauma-related disorders. Journal of Trauma and Dissociation, 3(1), 89-110.
4. Amabile, T. M. (2001). Beyond talent: John Irving and the passionate craft of creativity. American Psychologist, 56, 333-336.
5. Amabile, T. M., Barsade, S. G., Mueller, J. S., & Staw, B. M. (2005). Affect and creativity at work. Administrative Science Quarterly, 50, 367-403.
6. American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental health-IV-Text Revision. (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
7. Andreasen, N. C. (1987). Creativity and mental illness: Prevalence rates in writers and their first-degree relatives. American Journal of Psychiatry, 144, 1288-1292.
8. Andreasen, N. C. (2005). The creating brain: The neuroscience of genius. New York: Dana Press.
9. Austin, J. H. (2003). Chase, chance and creativity: The lucky art of novelty. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
10. Ayers, L., Beaton, S., & Hunt, H. (1999). The significance of transpersonal experiences, emotional conflict and cognitive abilities in creativity. Empirical Studies of the Arts, 17, 73-82.
11. Baumann, N., & Kuhl, J. (2002). Intuition, affect and personality: Unconscious coherence judgments and self-regulation of negative affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 1213-1223.
12. Becker-Blease, K. A., & Butler, L. D. (2004), Dissociative states through new age and electronic trance music. Journal of Trauma and Dissociation, 5(2), 89-100.
13. Bekhtereva, N. P., Starchenko, M. G., Klyucharev, V. A., Vorobev, V. A., Pakhomov, S. V., & Medvedev, S. V. (2000). Study of the brain organization of creativity: Positron emission tomography data. Human Physiology, 26(5), 516-522.
14. Bernstein, E. M., & Putnam, F. W. (1986). Development, reliability and validity of a dissociation scale. Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases, 174, 727-735.
15. Blood, A. J., & Zatorre, R. J. (2001). Intensely pleasurable responses to music correlate with activity in brain regions implicated in reward and emotion. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 98, 11818-1823.
16. Bloom, S. L. (1997). By the crowd they have been broken, by the crowd they shall be healed: The social transformation of trauma. In R. Tedeschi, C. Park, & L. Calhoun (Eds.), Post-traumatic growth: Theory and research on change in the aftermath of crises (pp. 57-71). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
17. Brande, D. (1983). Becoming a writer. New York: Penguin Putnam.
18. Bremner, D. J. (2001). A biological model for delayed recall of childhood abuse. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment and Trauma, 4(2), 165-183.
19. Bremner, D. J., Narayan, M., Staib, L. H., Southwick, S. M., McGlashan, T., & Charney, D. S. (1999). Neural correlates of memories of childhood abuse in women with and without PTSD. American Journal of Psychiatry, 156, 1787-1795.
20. Briere, J., Weathers, F. W., & Runtz, M. (2005). Is dissociation a multidimensional construct? Data from multiscale dissociation inventory. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 18(3), 221-231.
21. Brink, N. E. (2004-2005). Using emotions, hypnosis and the past to increase the effectiveness of cognitive-behavior therapy. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 24, 281-292.
22. Burch, G., Pavelis, C., Hemsley, D., & Corr, P. (2006). Schizotypy and creativity in visual artists. British Journal of Psychology, 97, 177-190.
23. Butcher, J. L., & Niec, L. N. (2005). Disruptive behaviors and creativity in childhood: The importance of affect regulation. Creativity Research Journal, 17, 181-193.
24. Cameron, N. M., Champagne, F. A., Parent, C., Fish, E. W., Ozaki-Kuroda, K., & Meaney, M. (2005). The programming of individual differences in defensive responses and reproductive strategies in the rat through variations in maternal care. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 29, 843-865.
25. Canli, T., Amin, Z., Hass, B., Omura, K., & Constable, R. T. (2004). A double dissociation between mood states and personality traits in the anterior cingulate. Behavioral Neuroscience, 118, 897-904.
26. Cardena, E., Lynn, S. J., & Krippner, S. (Eds.). (2000). Varieties of anomalous experience: Examining the scientific evidence. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
27. Carlson, E. A. (1998). A prospective longitudinal study of attachment disorganization/disorientation. Child Development, 69, 1107-1128.
28. Carlson, E. B., Putnam, F. W., Ross, C. A., Torem, M., Coons, P., & Bowerman, E. S., et al (1993). Predictive validity of the Dissociative Experience Scale. American Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 1030-1036.
29. Carlsson, I. (2002). Anxiety and flexibility of defense related to high and low creatives. Creativity Research Journal, 14, 341-349.
30. Carlsson, I., Wendt, P. E., & Risberg, J. (2000). On the neurobiology of creativity: Differences in frontal activity between high and low creative subjects. Neuropsychologic!, 38, 873-885.
31. Carson, S. H., Peterson, J. B., & Higgins, D. M. (2003). Decreased latent inhibition is associated with increased creative achievement in high-functioning individuals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 499-506.
32. Chavez-Eakle, R. A., del Carmen Lara, M., & Cruz-Fuentes, C. (2006). Personality: A possible bridge between creativity and psychopathology. Creativity Research Journal, 18, 27-38.
33. Collins, C., Burazeri, G., Gofin, J., & Kark, J. D. (2004). Health status and mortality in holocast survivors living in Jerusalem 40-50 years later. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 17, 403-411.
34. Coleridge, S. T. (1976). Fancy and imagination. In A. Rothenberg & C. R. Hausman (Eds.), The creativity question (pp. 61-62). Durham, NC: Duke University Press. (Original work published 1817)
35. Crabtree, A. (1993). From Mesmer to Freud: Magnetic sleep and the roofs of psychological healing. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
36. Culbertson, R. (1995). Embodied memory, transcendence and telling: Recounting trauma, re-establishing the self. New Literary History, 26, 169-195.
37. Damasio, A. R. (1999). The feeling of what happens: Body and emotion in the making of consciousness. (1st ed.). New York: Harcourt Brace & Co.
38. Davis, K. L., Panksepp, J., & Normansell, L. (2003). The affective neuroscience personality scales: Normative data and implications. Neuro-psychoanalysis: An Interdisciplinary Journal for Psychoanalysis and the Neurosciences, 5(1), 57-69.
39. Day, S. X. (2002). Make it uglier. Make it hurt. Make it real': Narrative constructions of the creative writer's identity. Creativity Research Journal, 14, 127-136.
40. DePrince, A. P., & Freyd, J. J. (1999). Dissociative tendencies, attention and memory. Psychological Science, 10, 449-452.
41. deRuiter, M. B., Phaf, R. H., Veltman, D. J., Kok, A., & van Dyck, R. (2003). Attention as a characteristic of nonclinical dissociation: An event-related potential study. Neuroimage, 19, 376-390.
42. Dietrich, A. (2003). Functional neuroanatomy of altered states of consciousness: The transient hypofrontality hypothesis. Consciousness and Cognition, 12, 231-256.
43. Djikic, M., Oatley, K., & Peterson, J. B. (2006). The bitter-sweet labor of emoting: The linguistic comparison of writers and physicists. Creativity Research Journal, 18, 191-198.
44. Dozier, M., Stoval, K. C., & Albus, K. E. (1999). Attachment and psychopathology in adulthood. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment (pp. 497-519). New York: Guildford.
45. Elal, G., & Slade, P. (2005). Traumatic exposure severity scale (TESS): A measure of exposure to major disasters. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 18, 213-220.
46. Erez, A., & Isen, A. M. (2002). The influence of positive affect on the components of expectancy motivation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 1055-1067.
47. Eysenck, H. J. (1990). Genetic and environmental contribuitions to individual differences: The three major dimensions of personality. Journal of Personality, 58, 245-261.
48. Eysenck, H. J. (1993). The Measurement of creativity. In M. A. Boden (Ed.), Dimensions of creativity (pp. 25-38). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
49. Eysenck, H. J. (1997). Creativity and personality. In M. A. Runco (Ed.), The creativity research handbook: Vol. 1 (pp. 114-138). Cresskil, NJ: Hampton Press.
50. Feist, G. J. (1998). A meta-analysis of personality in scientific and artistic creativity. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 2(4), 290-309.
51. Feist, G. J. (1999). The influence of personality on artistic and scientific creativity. In R, J. Sternberg (Ed.), Handbook of human creativity (pp. 273-296). Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
52. Feldman, G. C. (1999). Dissociation, repetition-compulsion, and the art of Frida Kahlo. Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, 27, 387-396.
53. Felitti, V. J., Anda, R. F., Nordenberg, D., Williamson, D. F., Spitz, A. M., Edwards, V., et al. (1998). Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: The adverse childhood experiences (ACE). American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 14(4), 245-258.
54. Filipowicz, A. (2006). From positive affect to creativity: The surprising role of surprise. Creativity Research Journal, 18, 141-152.
55. Fontana, A., & Rosenheck, R. (2005). The role of loss of meaning in the pursuit of treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 18(2), 133-136.
56. Foster, P. S., Smith, E. W. L., & Webster, D. G. (1998-1999). The psychophysiological differentiation of actual, imaginal and recollected anger. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 18, 189-203.
57. Foster, P. S., Webster, D. G., & Williamson, J. (2003). The psychophysiological differentiaion of actual, imagined and recollected mirth. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 22, 163-180.
58. Frantom, C., & Sherman, M. F. (1999). At what price art? Affective instability within a visual art population. Creativity Research Journal, 12, 15-23.
59. Freeman, W. J. (2000). Emotion is essential to all intentional behaviors. In M. D. Lewis & I. Granic (Eds.), Emotion, development and self-organization: Dynamic systems approaches to emotional development (pp. 209-235). Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
60. Gershuny, B. S., & Thayer, J. F. (1999). Relations among psychological trauma, dissociative phenomena, and trauma-related distress: A review and integration. Clinical Psychology Review, 19, 631-657.
61. Gleason, T. R. (2002). Social provision of real and imaginary relationships in early childhood. Developmental Psychology, 38, 979-992.
62. Gliick, J., Ernst, R., & linger, F. (2002). How creatives define creativity: Definitions reflect different types of creativity. Creativity Research Journal, 14, 55-67.
63. Goertzel, V., & Goertzel, M. G. (1962). Cradles of eminence. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
64. Goldberg, L. R. (1990). An alternate "description of personality": The Big-Five factor structure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 1216-1229.
65. Goodman, M., Weiss, D. S., Mitropoulou, V., New, A., Koenigsberg, H., Silverman, J. M., et al. (2003). The relationship between pathological dissociation, self-injury and childhood trauma in patients with personality disorders using taxometric analysis. Journal of Trauma and Dissociation, 4, 65-88.
66. Grabe, H. J., Spitzer, C., & Freyberger, H. J. (1999), Relationship of dissociation to temperament and character in men and women. American Journal of Psychiatry, 156, 1811-1813.
67. Greenacre, P. (1957). The childhood of the artist. Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 12, 47-72.
68. Grosso, M. (1998). Inspiration, mediumship, surrealism: The concept of creative dissociation. In S. Krippner & S. M. Powers (Eds.), Broken images, broken selves: Dissociative narratives in clinical practice (pp. 112-129). Washington. DC: Brunner/Mazel.
69. Hagen, U., & Frankel, H. (1973). Respect for acting. New York: MacMillan.
70. Hamann, S., & Canli, T. (2004). Individual differences in emotion processing. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 14, 233-238.
71. Hamilton, L. H., & Robson, B. (2006), Performing arts consultation: Developing expertise in this domain. Professional Psychology Research and Practice, 37, 254-259.
72. Hartmann, E., Kunzendorf, R. G., Chapwick, M. Eddins, M., Krueger, C., & Latraverse, S. R. (2002-2003). Emotion makes daydreams more dreamlike, more symbolic. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 22, 257-276.
73. Herman, J. (1997). Trauma and recovery. New York: Basic Books.
74. Hesse, E. (1999). The Adult Attachment Interview: Historical and current perspectives. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications (pp. 395-433). New York: Guilford Press.
75. Hesse, E., & Main, M. (2000). Disorganized infant, child and adult attachment: Collapse in behavioral and attentional strategies. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 48, 1097-1127.
76. Hesse, E., & Main, M. (2006). Frightened, threatening and dissociative parental behavior in low-risk samples: Description, discussion and interpretations. Development and Psychopathology, 18, 309-343.
77. Hesse, E., Main, M., Abrams, K. Y., & Rifkin, A. (2003). Unresolved states regarding loss or abuse can have "second-generation" effects: Disorganization, role inversion and frightening ideation in the offspring of traumatized, non-maltreating parents. In M. F. Solomon & D. J. Siegel (Eds.), Healing trauma: Attachment, mind, body and brain (pp. 57-106). New York: W.W. Norton & Company.
78. Hoff, E. V. (-2005). Imaginary companions, creativity, and self-image in middle childhood. Creativity Research Journal, 17, 167-180.
79. Holt, R. R. (2002). Quantitative research on the primary process: Method and findings. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 50(2), 457-482.
80. Holtgraves, T., & Stockdale, D. (1997). The assessment of dissociative experience in a non-clinical population: Reliability, validity and factor structure of the dissociative experience scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 22, 699-706.
81. Horselenberg, R., Merckelbach, H., van Breukelen, G., & Wessel, 1. (2004). Individual differences in the accuracy of autobiographical memory. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 11, 168-176.
82. Houtz, J. C., Edwin, S., Esquivel, G. B., Okoye, R. A., Peters, K. M., & Treffinger, D. J. (2003). Creativity styles and personal type. Creativity Research Journal, 15, 321-330.
83. Irwin, H. (2001). The relationship between dissociative tendencies and Schizotypy: An artifact of childhood trauma? Journal of Clinical Psychology, 57, 331-342.
84. Ijzendoom, M. H., & Schuengel, C. (1996). The measurement of dissociation in normal and clinical populations: Meta-analytic validation of the dissociative expereinces scale (DES). Clinical Psychology Review, 16, 365-382.
85. Isen, A. M., & Reeve, J. (2005). The influence of positive affect on intrinsic and extrinsic motivation: Facilitating enjoyment of play, responsible work behavior, and self-control. Motivation and Emotion, 29, 297-325.
86. Jamison, K. R. (1993). Touched with fire. New York: Free Press.
87. Kagan, N. (2002). Careers in the performing arts: A psychological perspective. Creativity Research Journal, 14, 1-16.
88. Kaufman, J. C. (2001). The Sylvia Plath effect: Mental illness in eminent creative writers. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 35, 37-50.
89. Kaufman, J. C. (2002). Genius, lunatics and poets: Mental illness in prize-writing authors. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 20, 305-314.
90. Kaufman, J. C. (2005). The door that leads into madness: Eastern European poets and mental illness. Creativity Research Journal, 17, 99-103.
91. Kaufmann, G. (2003). Expanding the mood-creativity equation. Creativity Research Journal, 15, 131-135.
92. Kaufmann, G., & Vosburg, S. K. (1997). "Paradoxical" mood effects on creative problem-solving. Cognition and Emotion, 11, 151-170.
93. Kaufmann, G., & Vosburg, S. K. (2002). Mood effects on early and late idea production. Creativity Research Journal, 14, 317-330.
94. Keltner, D., & Haidt, J. (2003). Approaching awe, a moral, spiritual and aesthetic emotion. Cognition and Emotion, 17, 297-314.
95. Kihlstrom, J. F., Glisky, M. L., & Angiulo, M. J. (1994). Dissociative tendencies and dissociative disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103, 117-124.
96. Knezevic, M., & Ovesnik, M. (2002). Can creativity in conditions of war trauma be a danger to personal development? Human Relations, 55, 1139-1153.
97. Kohanyi, A. (2005a). Four factors that may predict the emergence of creative writing: A proposed model. Creativity Research Journal, 17, 195-205.
98. Kohanyi, A. (2005b). Turning inward versus turning outward: A retrospective study of the childhoods of creative writers versus journalists. Creativity Research Journal, 17, 309-320.
99. Krystal, H. (1988). On some roots of creativity. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 11, 475-491.
100. Kunzendorf, R. G., Crosson, M., Zalaket, A., White, J., & Enck, R. (1998-1999). Normal dimensions of multiple personality without amnesia. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 18, 205-220.
101. Kunzendorf, R. G., Hulihan, D. M., Simpson, W., Pritykina, N., & Williams, K. (1997-1998), Is absorption a diathesis for dissociation in sexually and physically abused patients? Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 17, 277-282.
102. Kwang, N. A., Ang, R. P., Ooi, L., Boon, S., Wong, S., Oei, T. P. S., & Leng, V. (2005). Do adaptors and innovators subscribe to opposing values. Creativity Research Journal, 17, 273-281.
103. Lambert, M. V., Senior, C., Phillips, M. L., Sierra, M., Hunter, E., & David, A. S. (2001). Visual imagery and depersonalization. Psychopathology, 34, 259-264.
104. Lanius, R., Williamson, P. C., Bluhm, R. L., Densmore, M., Boksman, K., Neufeld, R. W., et al (2005). Functional connectivity of dissociative responses in posttraumatic stress disorder: A functional magnetic resonance imaging investigation. Biological Psychiatry, 57, 873-884.
105. Lauterbach, D., & Vrana, S. (2001). The relationship among personality variables, exposure to traumatic events and severity of posttraumatic stress symptoms. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 14, 29-38.
106. LeDoux, J. E. (2002). Synaptic self: How our brains become who we are. New York: Viking.
107. Lerner, H. (2004). Themes of early parent loss in My Life as a Dog. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 21, 463-472.
108. Levin, R., & Fireman, G. (2001-2002). The relation of fantasyproneness, psychological absorption and imaginative involvement to nightmare prevalence and nightmare distress. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 21, 111-129.
109. Liberzon, I., & Martis, B. (2006). Neuroimaging studies of emotional responses in PTSD. Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 1071, 87-109.
110. Lowenfeld, H. (1941). Psychic trauma and productive experience in the artist. Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 10, 116-130.
111. Luterek, J. E., Orsillo, S. M., & Marx, B. P. (2005). An experimental examination of emotional experience, expression and disclosure in women reporting a history of childhood sexual abuse. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 18(3), 237-244,
112. Lynn, S. J., & Rhue, J. W. (1988). Fantasy proneness: Hypnosis. developmental antecedents and psychopathology. American Psychologist, 43, 35-40.
113. Lyons-Ruth, K. (2002). Dissociation and the parent-infant dialogue: A longitudinal perspective from attachment research. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 51, 883-911.
114. Maaranen, P., Tanskanen, A., Honkalampi, K., Haatainen, K., Hintikka, J., & Viinamaki, H. (2005), Factors associated with pathological dissociation in the general population. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 39, 387-394.
115. Macfie, J., Cicchetti, D., & Toth, S. L. (2001), The development of dissociation in maltreated preschool-aged children. Development and Psychopathology, 13, 233-254.
116. Main, M. (1999). Epilogue-Attachment theory: Eighteen points with suggestions for future studies. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research and clinical applications (pp. 845-887). New York: Guildford.
117. Maluccio, A. N. (2002). Resilience: A many-splendored construct? American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 72, 596-599.
118. Martindale, C. (1995). Creativity and connectionism. In S. M. Smith, T. B. Ward, & R. A. Finke (Eds.), The creative cognition approach (pp. 249-268). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
119. Martindale, C. (1999). Biological bases of creativity. In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.), Handbook of creativity (pp. 137-152). Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
120. Matsen, A. S. (2001). Ordinary magic: Resilience processes in development. American Psychologist. 56, 227-238.
121. Mcintosh, D. N., Silver, R. C., & Wortman, C. B. (1993). Religions role in adjustment to a negative life event: Coping with the loss of a child. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 812-821.
122. Meneely, J., & Portillo, M. (2005). The adaptable mind in design: Relating personality, cognitive style and creative performance. Creativity Research Journal, 17, 155-166.
123. Merckelbach, H., Campo, J., Hardy, S., & Giesbrecht, T. (2005). Dissociation and fantasy proneness in psychiatric patients: A preliminary study. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 46, 181-185.
124. Merckelbach, H., & Jelicic, M. (2002). Dissociative symptoms are related to endorsement of vague trauma items. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 45, 70-75.
125. Merckelbach, H., Horselenberg, R., & Muris, P. (2001). The creative experiences questionaire (CEQ): A brief self-report measure of fantasy proneness. Personality and Individual Differences, 31, 987-995.
126. Merritt, R. D., & Waldo, T. G. (2000). MMPI code types and the fantasy prone personality. Assessment, 7, 87-95.
127. Messman-Moore, T. L., Brown, N. M., & Koelsch, L. E. (2005). Posttraumatic symptoms and self-dysfunction as consequences and predictors of sexual re-victimization. Journal of Traumatic-Stress, 18, 253-262.
128. Mikulincer, M., & Sheffi, E. (2000). Adult attachment style and cognitive reactions to positive affect: A test of mental categorization and creative problem solving. Motivation and Emotion, 24, 149-174.
129. Miller, A. (1988). The untouched key: Tracing childhood trauma in creativity and destructiveness. New York: Doubleday.
130. Miotto, G. M. (2005). Bearing witness and healing through creativity. Family Medicine, 37, 320-321.
131. Mumford, M. A. (2003). Where have we been, where are we going? Taking stock in creativity research. Creativity Research Journal, 15, 107-120.
132. Muris, P., & Merckelbach, H. (2003). Thought-action fusion and schizotypy in undergraduate students. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 42, 211-216.
133. Neihart, M. (1998). Creativity, the arts and madness. Roeper Review, 21, 47-50.
134. Nemiro, J. (1997). Interpretive artists: Qualitative exploration of the creative process of actors. Creativity Research Journal, 10, 229-239.
135. Nixon, R. D. V., Bryant, R. A., Moulds, M. L., Felmingham, K. L., & Mastrodomenico, J. A. (2005). Physiological arousal and dissociation in acute trauma victims during trauma narratives. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 18(2). 107-114.
136. Ogawa, J. R., Sroufe, L. A., Weinfield, N. S., Carlson, E. A., & Egeland, B. (1997). Development and the fragmented self: Longitudinal study of dissociative symptomatology in a nonclinical sample. Development and Psychopathology, 9, 855-879.
137. Panksepp, J. (2000). Emotions as natural kinds within the mammalian brain. In M, Lewis & J, M, Haveland-Jones (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (pp. 137-156). New York: Guilford Press.
138. Pekala, R. J., Angelini, F., & Kumar, V. K. (2001). The importance of fantasy-proneness in dissociation: A replication. Contemporary Hypnosis. 18, 204-214.
139. Pekala, R. J., Kumar, V.K., Ainslie, G., Elliot, N. C., Mullen, K. J., Salinger, M. M., et al. (1999-2000). Dissociation as a functioning of child abuse and fantasy-proneness in a substance abuse population. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 19, 105-129.
140. Piirto, J. (1998a). Themes in the lives of successful contemporary U.S. women creative artists. Roeper Review, 21, 60-70.
141. Piirto, J. (1998b). Understanding those who create. Scottsdale, AZ: Gifted Psychology Press.
142. Preti, A., & Miotto, P. (1999). Suicide among eminent artists. Psychological Reports, 84, 291-301.
143. Priest, T. (2006). Self-evaluation, creativity and musical achievement. Psychology of Music, 34, 47-61.
144. Ramey, C. H., & Weisberg, R. W. (2004). The "Poetical Activity" of Emily Dickinson: A further test of the hypothesis that affective disorders foster creativity. Creativity Research Journal, 16, 173-185.
145. Rathunde, K. (2000). Broadening and narrowing in the creative process: A commentary on Fredrickson's "Broaden-and-Build" model. Prevention and Treatment, 3 (1).
146. Rauschenberger, S., & Lynn, S. J. (1995). Fantasy proneness, DSM-III-R Axis I psychopathology, and dissociation. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 104, 373-380.
147. Rauschenberger, S., & Lynn, S. J. (2002-2003). Fantasy-proneness, negative affect and psychopathology. Imagination, Cognition, and Personality, 22, 239-255.
148. Reinders, A. A. T. S., Nijenhuis, E. R. S., Paans, A. M. J., Korf, J., Willemsen, A.T. M., & den Boer, J. A. (2003). One brain, two selves, Neuroimage, 20, 2119-2125.
149. Reuter, M., Panksepp, J., Schnabel, N., Kellerhoff, N., Kempel, P., & Hennig, J. (2005). Personality and biological markers of creativity, European Journal of Personality, 19, 83-95.
150. Richards, R. (1993). Everyday creativity, eminent creativity, and psychopathology. Psychological Inquiry, 4, 212-217.
151. Roisman, G., Padron, E., Sroufe, L. A., & Egeland, B. (2002). Earnedsecure attachment status in retrospective and prospect. Child Development, 73, 1204-1219.
152. Rothenberg, A. (1990). Creativity and madness: New findings and old stereotypes. Baltimore, MD; Johns Hopkins University Press.
153. Ruiz, M. A., Pincus, A. L., & Ray, W. J. (1999). The relationship between dissociation and personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 27, 239-249.
154. Runco, M. A. (2007). Creativity-Theories and themes: Research, development, and practices. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
155. Russ, S. W., & Sehafer, E. D. (2006). Affect in fantasy play, emotion in memories, and divergent thinking. Creativity Research Journal, 18. 347-354.
156. Russ, S. W., Robbins, A. L., & Christiano, B. A. (1999). Pretend play: Longitudinal prediction of creativity and affect fantasy in children. Creativity Research Journal, 12, 129-139.
157. Sawyer, K. R. (2006). Explaining creativity: The science of human innovation. New York: Oxford University Press.
158. Schmidt, H. (2005). Select dimensions of personality and symptoms of stress in classical musicians. Thesis, Saybrook Graduate School and Research Center.
159. Schore, A. N. (2001). Effects of a secure attachment relationship on right brain development, affect regulation and infant mental health. Infant Mental Health Journal, 22, 7-66.
160. Schumm, J., Stines, L. R., Hobfoll, S. E., Jackson, A. P. (2005). The double-barreled burden of child abuse and current stressful circumstances on adult women: The kindling effect of early traumatic experience. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 18, 467-476.
161. Schutte, N. S., Schuettpelz, E., & Malouff, J. M. (2000-2001). Emotional intelligence and task performance. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 20, 347-354.
162. Shapiro, P. J., & Weisberg, R. W. (1999). Creativity and bipolar diathesis: Common behavioral and cognitive components. Cognition and Emotion, 13, 741-762.
163. Simeon, D., Guralnik, O., Knutelska, M., & Schmeidler, J. (2002). Personality factors associated with dissociation: Temperament defenses and cognitive schemata. American Journal of Psychiatry, 159, 489-491.
164. Simeon, D., Riggio-Rosen, A., Guralnik, O., Knutelska, M., & Nelson, D. (2003). Depersonalization disorder: Dissociation and affect. Journal of Trauma and Dissociation, 4 (4), 63-76.
165. Simeonova, D. I., Chang, K. D., Strong, C., & Ketter, T. A. (2005), Creativity in familial bipolar disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 39, 623-631.
166. Simonton, D. K. (2000). Genius and giftedness: Same or different. In K. H. Hellar, F. J. Marks, R. J. Sternberg, & R. F. Subotnik (Eds.), International handbook of giftedness and talent (pp. 293-315), New York: Elsevier Science.
167. Smith, G. J. W. (2005). How should creativity be defined. Creativity Research Journal, 17, 293-295.
168. Spiegel, D. (2003). Hypnosis and traumatic dissociation: Therapeutic opportunities. Journal of Trauma and Dissociation. 4(3), 73-90.
169. Sroufe, L. A., Egeland, B., Carlson, E. A., & Collins, W. A. (2005). The development of the person: The Minnesota study of risk and adaptation from birth to adulthood. New York: Guilford.
170. Steinberg, M. (1995). Handbook for the assessment of dissociation. Washington. DC: American Psychiatric Press.
171. Sternberg, R. J. (Ed.). (1999). Handbook of creativity. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
172. Sternberg, R. J. (2001). What is the common thread of creativity? Its dialectical solution to intelligence and wisdom. American Psychologist, 56, 360-362.
173. Sternberg, R. J. (2006). The nature of creativity. Creativity Research Journal, 18. 87-98.
174. Taylor, M., Hodges, S., & Kohanyi, A. (2002-2003). The illusion of independent agency: Do adult fiction writers experience their characters as having minds of their own? Imagination, Cognition and Personality. 22, 361-380.
175. Thomson, P. (2006). Are the muses real?: Intuitive inspiration, possession and dissociation. In J. Fisher (Ed.), Technologies of intuition (pp. 215-230). Toronto: YYZ and Winnipeg MAWA.
176. Thomson, P., & Keehn, E. B. (2006, June). Creativity and volitional dissociation: A model of creative states. Paper presented at the 36th Annual Meeting of The Jean Piaget Society, Baltimore.
177. van de Ven, V., & Merckelbach, H. (2003). The role of schizotypy, mental imagery, and fantasy proneness in hallucinatory reports of undergraduate students. Personality and Individual Differences, 35, 889-896.
178. van der Hart, O., Nijenhuis, E., Steele, K., & Brown, D. (2004). Trauma-related dissociation: Conceptual clarity lost and found. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 38, 906-914.
179. van der Hart, O., Nijenhuis, E. R. S., Steele, K. (2005). Dissociation: An insufficiently recognized feature of complex posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 18, 413-424.
180. van der Kolk, B. A. (1996), Trauma and memory. In B. A. van der Kolk, A. C. McFarlane. & L. Weisaeth (Eds.), Traumatic stress (pp. 279-302). New York: Guildford Press.
181. van der Kolk, B. A. (1997). Traumatic memories. In P. S. Appelbaum, L. A. Uyehara, & M. R. Elin (Eds.), Trauma and memory: Clinical and legal controversies (pp. 243-260). New York: Oxford University Press.
182. van der Kolk, B. A., Roth, S., Pelcovitz, D., Sunday, S., & Spinazzola, J. (2005). Disorders of extreme stress: The empirical foundation of a complex adaptation to trauma. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 18, 389-400.
183. Waldo, T. G., & Merritt, R. D. (2000). Fantasy proneness, dissociation and DSM-IV Axis II symptomatology. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 109, 555-558.
184. Waller, G., Ohmanian V. Meyer, C. Everill, J., & Rouse, H. (2001). The utility of dimensional and categorical approaches to understanding dissociation in the eating disorders. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 40, 387-397.
185. Waller, M. A. (2001). Resilience in ecosystem context: Evolution of a concept. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 71, 290-297.
186. Waller, N., Putnam, F. W., & Carlson, E. B. (1996). Types of dissociation and dissociative types: A taxometric analysis of dissociative experiences. Psychological Methods. 1, 300-321.
187. Waller, N. G., & Ross, C. A. (1997). The prevalence and biometric structure of pathological dissociation in the general population: Taxometric and behavior genetic findings. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 106, 499-510.
188. Weine, S. M. (1996). The witnessing imagination: Social trauma, creative artists and witnessing professionals. Literature and Medicine, 15, 167-182.
189. Werner, E. E. (1995). Resilience in development. American Psychological Society, 4, 81-85.
190. Wilson, J. P., & Keane, T. M. (Eds.). (2004). Assessing psychological trauma and PTSD. New York: Guildford Press.
191. Wilson, S. C., & Barber, T. X. (1983). The fantasy-prone personality: Implications for understanding imagery, hypnosis and parapsychological phenomena. In A. A. Sheikh (Ed.), Imagery: Current theory, research and application (pp. 340-387). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
192. Winner, E. (2000). The origins and ends of giftedness. American Psychologist, 55, 159-169.
193. Winnicott, D. W. (1971). Playing and reality. London: Tavistock.
194. Zingrone, N. L., & Alvarado, C. S. (2001-2002). The dissociative experience scale II: Descriptive statistics, factor analysis and frequency of experience. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 21. 145-157.