In vivo confocal laser scanning microscopy in the diagnosis of melanocytic skin tumours

British Journal of Dermatology

Volumn 160, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 475-481

  Gerger, A ^a   Hofmann Wellenhof, R ^a   Samonigg, H ^a   Smolle, J ^a  

^a MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF GRAZ   (Austria)

Author keywords

Confocal microscopy; Dermoscopy; Histopathology; In vivo; Melanocytic skin tumours

Indexed keywords

CLINICAL PRACTICE; CONFOCAL LASER MICROSCOPY; CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; ELECTRIC POTENTIAL; EPILUMINESCENCE MICROSCOPY; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; IN VIVO STUDY; MELANOCYTE; MELANOMA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SKIN CANCER; SKIN EXAMINATION; SKIN TUMOR; TUMOR DIAGNOSIS;

DERMOSCOPY; HUMANS; MELANOMA; MICROSCOPY, CONFOCAL; SKIN NEOPLASMS;

EID: 60449109584     PISSN: 00070963     EISSN: 13652133     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08995.x     Document Type: Review

References (48)

1. Langley RGB, Fitzpatrick TB, Sober AJ. Clinical characteristics. In : Cutaneous Melanoma (Balch CM, Houghton AN, Sober AJ, Soong SJ, eds 3rd edn. St Louis : Quality Medical Publishing, 1998 81 101.
2. Curley RK, Cook MG, Fallowfield ME et al. Accuracy in clinically evaluating pigmented lesions. BMJ 1989 299 : 16 18.
3. Grin CM, Kopf AW, Welkovich B et al. Accuracy in the clinical diagnosis of malignant melanoma. Arch Dermatol 1990 126 : 763 6.
4. Wolf IH, Smolle J, Soyer HP et al. Sensitivity in the clinical diagnosis of malignant melanoma. Melanoma Res 1998 8 : 425 9.
5. Pehamberger H, Steiner A, Wolff K. In vivo epiluminescence microscopy of pigmented skin lesions. I. Pattern analysis of pigmented skin lesions. J Am Acad Dermatol 1987 17 : 571 83.
6. Steiner A, Pehamberger H, Wolff K. In vivo epiluminescence microscopy of pigmented skin lesions. II. Diagnosis of small pigmented skin lesions and early detection of malignant melanoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 1987 17 : 584 91.
7. Harland CC, Kale SG, Jackson P et al. Differentiation of common benign pigmented skin lesions from melanoma by high-resolution ultrasound. Br J Dermatol 2000 143 : 281 9.
8. Gambichler T, Regeniter P, Bechara FG et al. Characterization of benign and malignant melanocytic skin lesions using optical coherence tomography in vivo. J Am Acad Dermatol 2007 57 : 629 37.
9. Pennasilico GM, Arcuri PP, Laschena F et al. Magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of melanoma: in vivo preliminary studies with dynamic contrast-enhanced subtraction. Melanoma Res 2002 12 : 365 71.
10. Marghoob AA, Swindle LD, Moricz CZ et al. Instruments and new technologies for the in vivo diagnosis of melanoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 2003 49 : 777 97.
11. Ruocco E, Argenziano G, Pellacani G et al. Noninvasive imaging of skin tumours. Dermatol Surg 2004 30 : 301 10.
12. Kittler H, Pehamberger H, Wolff K, Binder M. Diagnostic accuracy of dermoscopy. Lancet Oncol 2002 3 : 159 65.
13. Rajadhyaksha M, Grossman M, Esterowitz D et al. In vivo confocal scanning laser microscopy of human skin: melanin provides strong contrast. J Invest Dermatol 1995 104 : 946 52.
14. Rajadhyaksha M, Gonzalez S, Zavislan JM et al. In vivo confocal scanning laser microscopy of human skin II: advances in instrumentation and comparison with histology. J Invest Dermatol 1999 113 : 293 303.
15. Ulrich M, Maltusch A, Rius-Diaz F et al. Clinical applicability of in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy for the diagnosis of actinic keratoses. Dermatol Surg 2008 34 : 610 19.
16. Ardigo M, Zieff J, Scope A et al. Dermoscopic and reflectance confocal microscope findings of trichoepithelioma. Dermatology 2007 215 : 354 8.
17. Agero AL, Gill M, Ardigo M et al. In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy of mycosis fungoides: a preliminary study. J Am Acad Dermatol 2007 57 : 435 41.
18. Propperova I, Langley RG. Reflectance-mode confocal microscopy for the diagnosis of sebaceous hyperplasia in vivo. Arch Dermatol 2007 143 : 134.
19. Astner S, González S, Gonzalez E. Noninvasive evaluation of allergic and irritant contact dermatitis by in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy. Dermatitis 2006 17 : 182 91.
20. Longo C, Bassoli S, Monari P et al. Reflectance-mode confocal microscopy for the in vivo detection of Sarcoptes scabiei. Arch Dermatol 2005 141 : 1336.
21. Goldgeier M, Alessi C, Muhlbauer JE. Immediate noninvasive diagnosis of herpesvirus by confocal scanning laser microscopy. J Am Acad Dermatol 2002 46 : 783 5.
22. Hongcharu W, Dwyer P, Gonzalez S et al. Confirmation of onychomycosis by in vivo confocal microscopy. J Am Acad Dermatol 2000 42 : 214 16.
23. Aghassi D, Anderson RR, Gonzalez S. Time-sequence histologic imaging of laser-treated cherry angiomas with in vivo confocal microscopy. J Am Acad Dermatol 2000 43 : 37 41.
24. Aghassi D, Gonzalez E, Anderson RR et al. Elucidating the pulsed dyed laser treatment of sebaceous hyperplasia in vivo with real-time confocal scanning laser microscopy. J Am Acad Dermatol 2000 43 : 49 53.
25. González S, Rajadhyaksha M, González-Serva A et al. Confocal reflectance imaging of folliculitis in vivo: correlation with routine histology. J Cutan Pathol 1999 26 : 201 5.
26. Busam KJ, Charles C, Lee G et al. Morphologic features of melanocytes, pigmented keratinocytes and melanophages by in vivo confocal scanning laser microscopy (CLSM). Mod Pathol 2001 14 : 862 8.
27. Busam KJ, Charles C, Lohmann CM et al. Detection of intraepidermal malignant melanoma in vivo by confocal scanning laser microscopy. Melanoma Res 2001 12 : 349 55.
28. Langley RG, Rajadhyaksha M, Dwyer PJ et al. Confocal scanning laser microscopy of benign and malignant skin lesions in vivo. J Am Acad Dermatol 2001 45 : 365 76.
29. Curiel-Lewandrowski C, Williams C, Swindells K et al. Use of in vivo confocal microscopy in malignant melanoma. Arch Dermatol 2004 140 : 1127 32.
30. Pellcacani G, Cesinaro A, Seidenari S. Reflectance-mode confocal microscopy for the in vivo characterization of pagetoid melanocytosis in melanomas and nevi. J Invest Dermatol 2005 125 : 532 7.
31. Pellacani G, Cesinaro AM, Seidenari S. In vivo assessment of melanocytic nests in nevi and melanomas by reflectance confocal microscopy. Mod Pathol 2005 8 : 469 74.
32. Tannous ZS, Mihm MC, Flotte TJ et al. In vivo examination of lentigo maligna and malignant melanoma in situ, lentigo maligna type by near-infrared reflectance confocal microscopy: comparison of in vivo confocal images with histologic sections. J Am Acad Dermatol 2002 46 : 260 3.
33. Pellacani G, Cesinaro AM, Grana C et al. In vivo confocal scanning laser microscopy of pigmented Spitz nevi: comparison of in vivo confocal images with dermoscopy and routine histopathology. J Am Acad Dermatol 2004 51 : 371 6.
34. Pellacani G, Cesinaro AM, Seidenari S. In vivo confocal reflectance microscopy for the characterization of melanocytic nests and correlation with dermoscopy and histology. Br J Dermatol 2005 152 : 384 6.
35. Langley RG, Burton E, Walsh N et al. In vivo confocal scanning laser microscopy of benign lentigines: comparison to conventional histology and in vivo characteristics of lentigo maligna. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006 55 : 88 97.
36. Ahlgrimm-Siess V, Massone C, Koller S et al. In vivo confocal scanning laser microscopy of common naevi with globular, homogeneous and reticular pattern in dermoscopy. Br J Dermatol 2008 158 : 1000 7.
37. Scope A, Benvenuto-Andrade C, Agero AL et al. In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy imaging of melanocytic skin lesions: consensus terminology glossary and illustrative images. J Am Acad Dermatol 2007 57 : 644 58.
38. Gerger A, Koller S, Kern T et al. Diagnostic applicability of in vivo confocal laser scanning microscopy in melanocytic skin tumours. J Invest Dermatol 2005 24 : 493 8.
39. Pellacani G, Cesinaro AM, Seidenari S. Reflectance-mode confocal microscopy of pigmented skin lesions - improvement in melanoma diagnostic specificity. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005 53 : 979 85.
40. Gerger A, Koller S, Weger W et al. Sensitivity and specificity of confocal laser-scanning microscopy for in vivo diagnosis of malignant skin tumours. Cancer 2006 107 : 193 200.
41. Pellacani G, Guitera P, Longo C et al. The impact of in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy for the diagnostic accuracy of melanoma and equivocal melanocytic lesions. J Invest Dermatol 2007 127 : 2759 65.
42. Langley RG, Walsh N, Sutherland AE et al. The diagnostic accuracy of in vivo confocal scanning laser microscopy compared to dermoscopy of benign and malignant melanocytic lesions: a prospective study. Dermatology 2007 215 : 365 72.
43. Gerger A, Hofmann-Wellenhof R, Langsenlehner U et al. In vivo confocal laser scanning microscopy of melanocytic skin tumours: diagnostic applicability using unselected tumour images. Br J Dermatol 2008 158 : 329 33.
44. Wiltgen M, Gerger A, Wagner C, Smolle J. Automatic identification of diagnostic significant regions in confocal laser scanning microscopy of melanocytic skin tumors. Methods Inf Med 2008 47 : 14 25.
45. Gerger A, Wiltgen M, Langsenlehner U et al. Diagnostic image analysis of malignant melanoma in in vivo confocal laser-scanning microscopy: a preliminary study. Skin Research and Technology 2008 14 : 359 363.
46. Busam KJ, Hester K, Charles C et al. Detection of clinically amelanotic malignant melanoma and assessment of its margins by in vivo confocal scanning laser microscopy. Arch Dermatol 2001 137 : 923 9.
47. Pellacani G, Bassoli S, Longo C et al. Diving into the blue: in vivo microscopic characterization of the dermoscopic blue hue. J Am Acad Dermatol 2007 57 : 96 104.
48. Binder N, Schwarz N, Winkler A et al. Epiluminescence microscopy. A useful tool for the diagnosis of pigmented lesions for formally trained dermatologists. Arch Dermatol 1995 131 : 286 91.