The evolution of systolic blood pressure as a strong predictor of cardiovascular risk and the effectiveness of fixed-dose ARB/CCB combinations in lowering levels of this preferential target

Vascular Health and Risk Management

Volumn 4, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 1315-1325

  Mourad, Jean Jacques ^a,b  

^a AVICENNE HOSPITAL   (France)

^b UNIVERSITÉ PARIS 13   (France)

Author keywords

Angiotensin receptor blocker; Calcium channel blocker; Combination therapy; Hypertension; Systolic blood pressure

Indexed keywords

ALAGEBRIUM; ALISKIREN; ALISKIREN PLUS HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE; AMLODIPINE; AMLODIPINE PLUS OLMESARTAN; AMLODIPINE PLUS VALSARTAN; ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT; ANTILIPEMIC AGENT; ATENOLOL; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; CAPTOPRIL; CHLORTALIDONE; DILTIAZEM; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE PLUS LISINOPRIL; IRBESARTAN; LISINOPRIL; LOSARTAN; NIFEDIPINE; PERINDOPRIL; PLACEBO; RAMIPRIL; VERAPAMIL;

ANTIHYPERTENSIVE THERAPY; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CLINICAL TRIAL; COMBINATION CHEMOTHERAPY; DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG POTENCY; HEART INFARCTION; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; MONOTHERAPY; MORTALITY; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PROGNOSIS; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; RISK REDUCTION; SEX DIFFERENCE; SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE;

ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKERS; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENTS; BLOOD PRESSURE; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; DRUG COMBINATIONS; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; PRACTICE GUIDELINES AS TOPIC; RISK ASSESSMENT; SYSTOLE; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 60249089247     PISSN: 11766344     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (66)

1. Adler AI, Stratton IM, Neil HA, et al. 2000. Association of systolic blood pressure with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 36): prospective observational study. BMJ, 321:412-9.
2. Bangalore S, Kamalakkannan G, Parkar S, et al. 2007. Fixed-dose combinations improve medication compliance: a meta-analysis. Am J Med, 120:713-9.
3. Benetos A, Thomas F, Bean KE, et al. 2003. Why cardiovascular mortality is higher in treated hypertensives versus subjects of the same age, in the general population. J Hypertens, 21:1635-40.
4. Benetos A, Thomas F, Safar ME, et al. 2000. Should diastolic and systolic blood pressure be considered for cardiovascular risk evaluation: a study in middle-aged men and women. J Am Coll Cardiol, 37:163-8.
5. Black HR, Elliott WJ, Neaton JD, et al. 2001. Baseline characteristics and early blood pressure control in the CONVINCE Trial. Hypertension, 37:12-18.
6. Black HR. 2004. The paradigm has shifted to systolic blood pressure. J Hum Hypertens, 18:S3-S7.
7. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, et al. 2003. The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JNC 7 report. JAMA, 289:2560-72.
8. Chrysant SG, Melino M, Karki S, et al. 2008. The Combination of Olmesartan Medoxomil and Amlodipine Besylate in Controlling High Blood Pressure: COACH, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 8-week factorial efficacy and safety study. Clin Ther, 30:587-604.
9. Cushman WC, Ford CE, Cutler JA, et al. 2002. Success and predictors of blood pressure control in diverse North American settings: the antihypertensive and lipid-lowering treatment to prevent heart attack trial (ALLHAT). J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich), 4:393-404.
10. Elliott WJ. 2002. Is fixed combination therapy appropriate for initial hypertension treatment? Curr Hypertens Rep, 4:278-85.
11. Frampton JE, Curran MP. 2007. Aliskiren: a review of its use in the management of hypertension. Drugs, 67:1767-92.
12. Franklin SS, Jacobs MJ, Wong ND, et al. 2001. Predominance of isolated systolic hypertension among middle-aged and elderly US hypertensives: analysis based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III. Hypertension, 37:869-74.
13. Franklin SS. 2000. Is there a preferred antihypertensive therapy for isolated systolic hypertension and reduced arterial compliance? Curr Hypertens Rep, 2:253-9.
14. Fung V, Huang J, Brand R, et al. 2007. Hypertension treatment in a medicare population: adherence and systolic blood pressure control. Clin Ther, 29:972-84.
15. Hanon O, Haulon S, Lenoir H, et al. 2005. Relationship between arterial stiffness and cognitive function in elderly subjects with complaints of memory loss. Stroke, 36:2193-7.
16. Hanon O, Pequignot R, Seux ML, et al. 2006. Relationship between antihypertensive drug therapy and cognitive function in elderly hypertensive patients with memory complaints. J Hypertens, 24:2101-7.
17. Hansson L, Lloyd A, Anderson P, Kopp Z. 2002. Excess morbidity and cost of failure to achieve targets for blood pressure control in Europe. Blood Press, 11:35-45.
18. Hyman DJ, Pavlik VN. 2001. Characteristics of patients with uncontrolled hypertension in the United States. N Engl J Med, 345:479-86.
19. Inoue R, Ohkubo T, Kikuya M, et al. 2007. Stroke risk in systolic and combined systolic and diastolic hypertension determined using ambulatory blood pressure. The Ohasama study. Am J Hypertens, 20:1125-31.
20. Jamerson KA, Bakris GL, Dahlöf B, et al. 2008. Avoiding cardiovascular events through combination therapy in patients living with systolic hypertension [abstract]. 57th Annual Scientific Session of the American College of Cardiology; 29 Mar 2008. abstr. 407-2.
21. Jamerson KA, Nwose O, Jean-Louis L, et al. 2004. Initial angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/calcium channel blocker combination therapy achieves superior blood pressure control compared with calcium channel blocker monotherapy in patients with stage 2 hypertension. Am J Hypertens, 17:495-501.
22. Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. 1997. The sixth report of the Joint National Committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure. Arch Intern Med, 157:2413-46.
23. Kalache A, Keller I. 2000. The greying world: a challenge for the twenty-first century. Sci Prog, 83:33-54.
24. Kannel WB, Gordon T, Schwartz MJ. 1971. Systolic versus diastolic blood pressure and risk of coronary heart disease. The Framingham study. Am J Cardiol, 27:335-46.
25. Lacourcière Y, Poirier L, Hebert D, et al. 2005. Antihypertensive efficacy and tolerability of two fixed-dose combinations of valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide compared with valsartan monotherapy in patients with stage 2 or 3 systolic hypertension: an 8-week, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group trial. Clin Ther, 27:1013-21.
26. Lewington S, Clarke R, Qizilbash N, et al; Prospective Studies Collaboration. 2002. Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies. Lancet, 360:1903-13.
27. Lindholm LH, Carlberg B, Samuelsson O. 2005. Should beta blockers remain first choice in the treatment of primary hypertension? A meta-analysis. Lancet, 366:1545-53.
28. Liu L, Wang JG, Gong L, et al. 1998. Comparison of active treatment and placebo in older Chinese patients with isolated systolic hypertension. Systolic Hypertension in China (Syst-China) Collaborative Group. J Hypertens, 16:1823-9.
29. Lloyd-Jones DM, Evans JC, Larson MG, et al. 2000. Differential control of systolic and diastolic blood pressure: factors associated with lack of blood pressure control in the community. Hypertension, 36:594-9.
30. MacMahon S, Peto R, Cutler J, et al. 1990. Blood pressure, stroke, and coronary heart disease. Part 1, Prolonged differences in blood pressure: prospective observational studies corrected for the regression dilution bias. Lancet, 335:765-74.
31. Mancia G, De Backer G, Dominiczak A, et al. 2007 Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: The Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J, 28:1462-536.
32. Mancia G, Grassi G. 2002. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure control in antihypertensive drug trials. J Hypertens, 20:1461-4.
33. Messerli FH, Mancia G, Conti CR, et al. 2006. Dogma disputed: can aggressively lowering blood pressure in hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease be dangerous? Ann Intern Med, 144:884-93.
34. Mourad JJ, Nguyen V, Lopez-Sublet M, et al. 2007. Blood pressure normalization in a large population of hypertensive patients treated with perindopril/indapamide combination: results of the OPTIMAX trial. Vasc Health Risk Manag, 3:173-80.
35. National Collaborating Centre for Chronic Conditions. 2006. Hypertension: management of hypertension in adults in primary care: partial update. London: Royal College of Physicians.
36. Neutel JM, Franklin SS, Oparil S, et al. 2006. Efficacy and safety of irbesartan/HCTZ combination therapy as initial treatment for rapid control of severe hypertension. J Clin Hypertens, 8:850-7.
37. Osher E, Stern N. 2008. Diastolic pressure in type 2 diabetes: can target systolic pressure be reached without 'diastolic hypotension'? Diabetes Care, 31:S249-54.
38. Osterberg L, Blaschke T. 2005. Adherence to medication. N Engl J Med, 353:487-97.
39. Padwal R, Straus SE, McAlister PA. 2001. Evidence based management of hypertension. Cardiovascular risk factors and their effects on the decision to treat hypertension: evidence based review. BMJ, 322:977-80.
40. Patel A, MacMahon S, Chalmers J, et al. 2007. Effects of a fixed combination of perindopril and indapamide on macrovascular and microvascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (the ADVANCE trial): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet, 370:829-40.
41. Payne KA, Esmonde-White S. 2000. Observational studies of antihypertensive medication use and compliance: is drug choice a factor in treatment adherence? Curr Hypertens Rep, 2:515-24.
42. Peralta CA, Shlipak MG, Wassel-Fyr C, et al. 2007. Association of antihypertensive therapy and diastolic hypotension in chronic kidney disease. Hypertension, 50:474-80.
43. Philipp T, Smith TR, Glazer R, et al. 2007. Two multicenter, 8-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group studies evaluating the efficacy and tolerability of amlodipine and valsartan in combination and as monotherapy in adult patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. Clin Ther, 29:563-80.
44. Pohl MA, Blumenthal S, Cordonnier DJ, et al. 2005. Independent and additive impact of blood pressure control and angiotensin II receptor blockade on renal outcomes in the irbesartan diabetic nephropathy trial: clinical implications and limitations. J Am Soc Nephrol, 16:3027-37.
45. Poldermans D, Glazes R, Kargiannis S, et al. 2007. Tolerability and blood pressure-lowering efficacy of the combination of amlodipine plus valsartan compared with lisinopril plus hydrochlorothiazide in adult patients with stage 2 hypertension. Clin Ther, 29:279-89.
46. Protogerou AD, Safar ME, Iaria P, et al. 2007. Diastolic blood pressure and mortality in the elderly with cardiovascular disease. Hypertension, 50:172-80.
47. Roca-Cusachs A, Schmieder RE, Triposkiadis F, et al. 2008. Efficacy of manidipine/delapril versus losartan/hydrochlorothiazide fixed combinations in patients with hypertension and diabetes. J Hypertens, 26:813-8.
48. Ruilope LM, Malacco E, Khder Y, et al. 2005. Efficacy and tolerability of combination therapy with valsartan plus hydrochlorothiazide compared with amlodipine monotherapy in hypertensive patients with other cardiovascular risk factors: the VAST study. Clin Ther, 27:578-87.
49. SHEP Cooperative Research Group. 1991. Prevention of stroke by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension. Final results of the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP). JAMA, 265:3255-64.
50. Shlyakhto E. 2007. Observational Study on Cognitive function And systolic blood pressure Reduction (OSCAR): preliminary analysis of 6-month data from > 10,000 patients and review of the literature. Curr Med Res Opin, 23(Suppl 5):S13-8.
51. Singer GM, Izhar M, Black HR. 2002. Goal-oriented hypertension management: translating clinical trials to practice. Hypertension, 40:464-9.
52. Staessen JA, Fagard R, Thijs L, et al. 1997. Randomised double-blind comparison of placebo and active treatment for older patients with isolated systolic hypertension. The Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) Trial Investigators. Lancet, 350:757-64.
53. Staessen JA, Gasowski J, Wang JG, et al. 2000. Risks of untreated and treated isolated systolic hypertension in the elderly: meta-analysis of outcome trials. Lancet, 355:865-72.
54. Staessen JA, Wang JG, Thijs L. 2001. Cardiovascular protection and blood pressure reduction: a meta-analysis. Lancet, 358:1305-15.
55. Staessen JA, Wang JG, Thijs L. 2003. Cardiovascular prevention and blood pressure reduction: a quantitative overview updated until 1 March 2003. J Hypertens, 21:1055-76.
56. Stamler J, Stamler R, Neaton JD. 1993. Blood pressure, systolic and diastolic, and cardiovascular risks. US population data. Arch Intern Med, 153:598-615.
57. Steckelings UM, Stoppelhaar M, Sharma AM, et al. 2004. HYDRA: possible determinants of unsatisfactory hypertension control in German primary care patients. Blood Press, 13:80-8.
58. Swales JD. 1999. Current clinical practice in hypertension: the EISBERG (Evaluation and Interventions for Systolic Blood pressure Elevation-Regional and Global) project. Am Heart J, 138:231-7.
59. Thijs L, Den Hond E, Nawrot T, et al. 2004. Prevalence, pathophysiology and treatment of isolated systolic hypertension in the elderly. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther, 2:761-9.
60. Turnbull F; Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists' Collaboration. 2003. Effects of different blood-pressure-lowering regimens on major cardiovascular events: results of prospectively-designed overviews of randomised trials. Lancet, 362:1527-35.
61. Waeber B, Mourad JJ. 2006. Targeting systolic blood pressure: the key to controlling combined systolic/diastolic hypertension. Am J Hypertens, 19:985-6.
62. Waeber B. 2003. Trials in isolated systolic hypertension: an update. Curr Cardiol Rep, 5:427-34.
63. Wallace SM, Yasmin, McEniery CM, et al. 2007. Isolated systolic hypertension is characterized by increased aortic stiffness and endothelial dysfunction. Hypertension, 50:228-33.
64. Whitworth JA; World Health Organization, International Society of Hypertension Writing Group. 2003 World Health Organization (WHO)/ International Society of Hypertension (ISH) statement on management of hypertension. J Hypertens, 2:1983-92.
65. Wong ND, Lopez VA, L'Italien G, et al. 2007. Inadequate control of hypertension in US adults with cardiovascular disease comorbidities in 2003-2004. Arch Intern Med, 167:2431-6.
66. Zieman SJ, Melenovsky V, Clattenburg L, et al. 2007. Advanced glycation endproduct crosslink breaker (alagebrium) improves endothelial function in patients with isolated systolic hypertension. J Hypertens, 25:577-83.