메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 33, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 435-451

A review of marine mammal, sea turtle and seabird bycatch in USA fisheries and the role of policy in shaping management

Author keywords

Bycatch; Fisheries; Legislation; Marine mammals; Sea turtles; Seabirds

Indexed keywords

BYCATCH; FISHERY MANAGEMENT; FISHERY REGULATION; LEGISLATIVE IMPLEMENTATION; MAMMAL; MARINE POLICY; SEABIRD; TURTLE;

EID: 60149089258     PISSN: 0308597X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2008.09.003     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (157)

References (166)
  • 1
    • 0032431190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disturbance of the seabed by mobile fishing gear: a comparison with forest clear-cutting
    • Watling L., and Norse E.A. Disturbance of the seabed by mobile fishing gear: a comparison with forest clear-cutting. Conservation Biology 12 (1998) 1189-1197
    • (1998) Conservation Biology , vol.12 , pp. 1189-1197
    • Watling, L.1    Norse, E.A.2
  • 4
    • 20044367343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Losing pieces of the puzzle: threats to marine, estuarine, and diadromous species
    • Kappel C.V. Losing pieces of the puzzle: threats to marine, estuarine, and diadromous species. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 3 (2005) 275-282
    • (2005) Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment , vol.3 , pp. 275-282
    • Kappel, C.V.1
  • 5
    • 0037472797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review and evaluation of three mitigation measures-bird-scaring line, underwater setting and line shooter-to reduce seabird bycatch in the north Atlantic longline fishery
    • Løkkeborg S. Review and evaluation of three mitigation measures-bird-scaring line, underwater setting and line shooter-to reduce seabird bycatch in the north Atlantic longline fishery. Fisheries Research 60 (2003) 11-16
    • (2003) Fisheries Research , vol.60 , pp. 11-16
    • Løkkeborg, S.1
  • 6
    • 39049085239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating the impact of interactions between bottlenose dolphins and artisanal fisheries around the Balearic Islands
    • María-Brotons J., María-Grau A., and Rendell L. Estimating the impact of interactions between bottlenose dolphins and artisanal fisheries around the Balearic Islands. Marine Mammal Science 24 (2008) 112-127
    • (2008) Marine Mammal Science , vol.24 , pp. 112-127
    • María-Brotons, J.1    María-Grau, A.2    Rendell, L.3
  • 8
    • 0037277013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bycatch mitigation tools: selecting fisheries, setting limits, and modifying gear
    • Bache S.J. Bycatch mitigation tools: selecting fisheries, setting limits, and modifying gear. Ocean and Coastal Management 46 (2003) 103-125
    • (2003) Ocean and Coastal Management , vol.46 , pp. 103-125
    • Bache, S.J.1
  • 9
    • 34648836945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparing effectiveness of experimental and implemented bycatch reduction measures: the ideal and the real
    • Cox T.M., Lewison R.L., Žydelis R., Crowder L.B., Safina C., and Read A.J. Comparing effectiveness of experimental and implemented bycatch reduction measures: the ideal and the real. Conservation Biology 21 (2007) 1155-1164
    • (2007) Conservation Biology , vol.21 , pp. 1155-1164
    • Cox, T.M.1    Lewison, R.L.2    Žydelis, R.3    Crowder, L.B.4    Safina, C.5    Read, A.J.6
  • 12
    • 34247275182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pelagic longline fishing gear: a brief history and review of research efforts to improve selectivity
    • Watson J.W., and Kerstetter D.W. Pelagic longline fishing gear: a brief history and review of research efforts to improve selectivity. Marine Technology Society Journal 40 Fall (2006) 6-10
    • (2006) Marine Technology Society Journal , vol.40 , Issue.Fall , pp. 6-10
    • Watson, J.W.1    Kerstetter, D.W.2
  • 13
    • 34247202018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fishing techniques to reduce the bycatch of threatened marine animals
    • Werner T., Kraus S., Read A., and Zollett E. Fishing techniques to reduce the bycatch of threatened marine animals. Marine Technology Society Journal 40 Fall (2006) 77-95
    • (2006) Marine Technology Society Journal , vol.40 , Issue.Fall , pp. 77-95
    • Werner, T.1    Kraus, S.2    Read, A.3    Zollett, E.4
  • 14
    • 0037449550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Collapse and conservation of sharks populations in the Northwest Atlantic
    • Baum J.K., Myers R.A., Kehler D.G., Worm B., Harley S.J., and Doherty P.A. Collapse and conservation of sharks populations in the Northwest Atlantic. Science 299 (2003) 389-392
    • (2003) Science , vol.299 , pp. 389-392
    • Baum, J.K.1    Myers, R.A.2    Kehler, D.G.3    Worm, B.4    Harley, S.J.5    Doherty, P.A.6
  • 16
    • 25144525076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The national marine fisheries service's national bycatch strategy
    • Benaka L.R., and Dobrzynski T.J. The national marine fisheries service's national bycatch strategy. Marine Fisheries Review 66 (2004) 1-8
    • (2004) Marine Fisheries Review , vol.66 , pp. 1-8
    • Benaka, L.R.1    Dobrzynski, T.J.2
  • 17
    • 60149097905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS). Evaluating bycatch: a national approach to standardized bycatch monitoring programs. NOAA Technical Memorandum, NMFS-F/SPO-66, US Department of Commerce, 2004.
    • National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS). Evaluating bycatch: a national approach to standardized bycatch monitoring programs. NOAA Technical Memorandum, NMFS-F/SPO-66, US Department of Commerce, 2004.
  • 18
    • 0002098592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An ecological view of the tuna-dolphin problem: impacts and trade-offs
    • Hall M.A. An ecological view of the tuna-dolphin problem: impacts and trade-offs. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 8 (1998) 1-34
    • (1998) Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries , vol.8 , pp. 1-34
    • Hall, M.A.1
  • 19
    • 34548049867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronological bibliography of the tuna-dolphin problem, 1941-2001
    • US Department of Commerce
    • Perrin WF. Chronological bibliography of the tuna-dolphin problem, 1941-2001. NOAA Technical Memorandum, NMFS-SWFSC-356, US Department of Commerce, 2004.
    • (2004) NOAA Technical Memorandum, NMFS-SWFSC-356
    • Perrin, W.F.1
  • 20
    • 33645086138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bycatch of marine mammals in US and global fisheries
    • Read A.J., Drinker P., and Northridge S. Bycatch of marine mammals in US and global fisheries. Conservation Biology 20 (2006) 163-169
    • (2006) Conservation Biology , vol.20 , pp. 163-169
    • Read, A.J.1    Drinker, P.2    Northridge, S.3
  • 23
    • 77952473379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality and serious injury determinations for baleen whale stocks along the eastern seaboard of the United States, 2000-2004
    • National Marine Fisheries Service, Northeast Fisheries Science Center
    • Cole TVN, Hartley DL, Garron M. Mortality and serious injury determinations for baleen whale stocks along the eastern seaboard of the United States, 2000-2004. Reference Document, CRD 06-04, National Marine Fisheries Service, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, 2006.
    • (2006) Reference Document, CRD 06-04
    • Cole, T.V.N.1    Hartley, D.L.2    Garron, M.3
  • 25
    • 60149104733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality and serious injury determinations for baleen whale stocks along the United States eastern seaboard and adjacent Canadian maritimes, 2001-2005
    • National Marine Fisheries Service, Northeast Fisheries Science Center
    • Nelson M, Garron M, Merrick RL, Pace III RM, Cole TVN. Mortality and serious injury determinations for baleen whale stocks along the United States eastern seaboard and adjacent Canadian maritimes, 2001-2005. Reference Document CRD 07-05, National Marine Fisheries Service, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, 2007.
    • (2007) Reference Document CRD 07-05
    • Nelson, M.1    Garron, M.2    Merrick, R.L.3    Pace III, R.M.4    Cole, T.V.N.5
  • 26
    • 0003737925 scopus 로고
    • US marine mammal stock assessments: Guidelines for preparation, background, and a summary of the 1995 assessments
    • US Department of Commerce
    • Barlow J, Swartz SLT, Eagle C, Wade PR. US marine mammal stock assessments: guidelines for preparation, background, and a summary of the 1995 assessments. NOAA Technical Memorandum, NMFS-OPR-95-6, US Department of Commerce, 1995.
    • (1995) NOAA Technical Memorandum, NMFS-OPR-95-6
    • Barlow, J.1    Swartz, S.L.T.2    Eagle, C.3    Wade, P.R.4
  • 27
    • 0031982618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calculating limits to the allowable human-caused mortality of cetaceans and pinnipeds
    • Wade P.R. Calculating limits to the allowable human-caused mortality of cetaceans and pinnipeds. Marine Mammal Science 14 (1998) 1-37
    • (1998) Marine Mammal Science , vol.14 , pp. 1-37
    • Wade, P.R.1
  • 28
    • 0033782115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incorporating uncertainty into management models for marine mammals
    • Taylor B.L., Wade P.R., DeMaster D.P., and Barlow J. Incorporating uncertainty into management models for marine mammals. Conservation Biology 14 (2000) 1243-1252
    • (2000) Conservation Biology , vol.14 , pp. 1243-1252
    • Taylor, B.L.1    Wade, P.R.2    DeMaster, D.P.3    Barlow, J.4
  • 30
    • 60149106012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seabird and waterbird bycatch in fishing gear: Next steps in dealing with a problem
    • PSW-GTR-191, 2005
    • Manville AM II. Seabird and waterbird bycatch in fishing gear: next steps in dealing with a problem. USDA Forest Service general technical report, PSW-GTR-191, 2005.
    • USDA Forest Service general technical report
    • Manville II, A.M.1
  • 31
    • 0024909975 scopus 로고
    • Scientists as advocates: the point reyes bird observatory and gill netting in central California
    • Salzman J.E. Scientists as advocates: the point reyes bird observatory and gill netting in central California. Conservation Biology 3 (1989) 170-180
    • (1989) Conservation Biology , vol.3 , pp. 170-180
    • Salzman, J.E.1
  • 34
    • 60149110066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of marine mammal bycatch observer schemes with recommendations for best practice
    • Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
    • Northridge SP. A review of marine mammal bycatch observer schemes with recommendations for best practice. JNCC report 219, Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Aberdeen, United Kingdom, 1996.
    • (1996) JNCC report , vol.219
    • Northridge, S.P.1
  • 35
    • 0036800798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of logbook reports of incidental blue shark catch rates by Hawaii-based longline vessels to fishery observer data by application of a generalized additive model
    • Walsh W.A., Kleiber P., and McCracken M. Comparison of logbook reports of incidental blue shark catch rates by Hawaii-based longline vessels to fishery observer data by application of a generalized additive model. Fisheries Research 58 (2002) 79-94
    • (2002) Fisheries Research , vol.58 , pp. 79-94
    • Walsh, W.A.1    Kleiber, P.2    McCracken, M.3
  • 36
    • 60149103961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unpublished report, US Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service
    • NMFS National Marine Fisheries Service, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA, 2006. Accessed 29 May
    • (NMFS) National Marine Fisheries Service. National observer program fiscal year 2005 annual report. Unpublished report, US Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA, 2006. Accessed 29 May 2008 〈http://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/st4/nop/annual_reports/FY_2005_Annual_ Report_4_10_07.pdf〉.
    • (2008) National observer program fiscal year 2005 annual report
  • 38
    • 33044494400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling a very rare event to estimate sea turtle bycatch: Lessons learned
    • US Department of Commerce
    • McCracken ML. Modeling a very rare event to estimate sea turtle bycatch: lessons learned. NOAA Technical Memorandum, NMFS-PIFSC-3, US Department of Commerce, 2004.
    • (2004) NOAA Technical Memorandum, NMFS-PIFSC-3
    • McCracken, M.L.1
  • 39
    • 18444394977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving the precision of estimates of the frequency of rare events
    • Dixon P.M., Ellison A.M., and Gotelli N.J. Improving the precision of estimates of the frequency of rare events. Ecology 86 (2005) 1114-1123
    • (2005) Ecology , vol.86 , pp. 1114-1123
    • Dixon, P.M.1    Ellison, A.M.2    Gotelli, N.J.3
  • 40
    • 60149104134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rossman MC. Allocating observer sea days to bottom trawl and gillnet fisheries in the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic regions to monitor and estimate incidental bycatch of marine mammals. Reference Document 07-19, National Marine Fisheries Service, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, 2007.
    • Rossman MC. Allocating observer sea days to bottom trawl and gillnet fisheries in the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic regions to monitor and estimate incidental bycatch of marine mammals. Reference Document 07-19, National Marine Fisheries Service, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, 2007.
  • 41
    • 60149096079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NMFS fisheries observer coverage level workshop: Defining a basis
    • NMFS National Marine Fisheries Service, 29-31 July, Alaska Fisheries Science Center
    • (NMFS) National Marine Fisheries Service. NMFS fisheries observer coverage level workshop: defining a basis. Summary report, 29-31 July 2003, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, 2004.
    • (2003) Summary report
  • 42
    • 21244461227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compilation of marine mammal incidental take data from the domestic and joint venture groundfish fisheries in the US EEZ of the North Pacific, 1989-2001
    • US Department of Commerce
    • Perez MA. Compilation of marine mammal incidental take data from the domestic and joint venture groundfish fisheries in the US EEZ of the North Pacific, 1989-2001. NOAA Technical Memorandum, NMFS-AFSC-138, US Department of Commerce, 2003.
    • (2003) NOAA Technical Memorandum, NMFS-AFSC-138
    • Perez, M.A.1
  • 43
    • 84863669539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of marine mammal bycatch data from the trawl, longline, and pot groundfish fisheries of Alaska, 1998-2004, defined by geographic area, gear type, and catch target groundfish species
    • US Department of Commerce
    • Perez MA. Analysis of marine mammal bycatch data from the trawl, longline, and pot groundfish fisheries of Alaska, 1998-2004, defined by geographic area, gear type, and catch target groundfish species. NOAA Technical Memorandum, NMFS-AFSC-167, US Department of Commerce, 2006.
    • (2006) NOAA Technical Memorandum, NMFS-AFSC-167
    • Perez, M.A.1
  • 44
    • 47649108512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Updated estimates of mortality and injury of cetaceans in the Hawaii-based longline fishery, 1994-2005
    • US Department of Commerce
    • Forney KA, Kobayashi DR. 2007. Updated estimates of mortality and injury of cetaceans in the Hawaii-based longline fishery, 1994-2005. NOAA Technical Memorandum, NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFSC-412, US Department of Commerce, 2007.
    • (2007) NOAA Technical Memorandum, NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFSC-412
    • Forney, K.A.1    Kobayashi, D.R.2
  • 45
    • 60149085271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimates of cetacean mortality and injury in two US Pacific longline fisheries, 1994-2002
    • National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Science Center
    • Forney KA. Estimates of cetacean mortality and injury in two US Pacific longline fisheries, 1994-2002. Administrative report, LJ-04-07, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, 2004.
    • (2004) Administrative report, LJ-04-07
    • Forney, K.A.1
  • 46
    • 0037376030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Field experiments show that acoustic pingers reduce marine mammal bycatch in the California drift gillnet fishery
    • Barlow J., and Cameron G.A. Field experiments show that acoustic pingers reduce marine mammal bycatch in the California drift gillnet fishery. Marine Mammal Science 19 (2003) 265-283
    • (2003) Marine Mammal Science , vol.19 , pp. 265-283
    • Barlow, J.1    Cameron, G.A.2
  • 47
    • 0029481959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An assessment of the status of harbour porpoise in central California
    • Special Issue, 16, p. 123-40
    • Barlow J, Hanan D. An assessment of the status of harbour porpoise in central California. Report of the International Whaling Commission, Special Issue, vol. 16, 1995, p. 123-40.
    • Report of the International Whaling Commission , pp. 1995
    • Barlow, J.1    Hanan, D.2
  • 48
    • 0028994897 scopus 로고
    • A decline in the abundance of harbor porpoise, Phocoena phocoena, in nearshore waters off California, 1986-1993
    • Forney K.A. A decline in the abundance of harbor porpoise, Phocoena phocoena, in nearshore waters off California, 1986-1993. Fishery Bulletin 93 (1995) 741-748
    • (1995) Fishery Bulletin , vol.93 , pp. 741-748
    • Forney, K.A.1
  • 49
    • 0342355263 scopus 로고
    • The central California experience: a case history of California halibut set net laws and regulations
    • Wild P. The central California experience: a case history of California halibut set net laws and regulations. Fish Bulletin 174 (1990) 321-340
    • (1990) Fish Bulletin , vol.174 , pp. 321-340
    • Wild, P.1
  • 50
    • 0025632287 scopus 로고
    • Decline of the common murre in central California, 1980-1986
    • Takekawa J.E., Carter H.R., and Harvey T.E. Decline of the common murre in central California, 1980-1986. Studies in Avian Biology 14 (1990) 149-163
    • (1990) Studies in Avian Biology , vol.14 , pp. 149-163
    • Takekawa, J.E.1    Carter, H.R.2    Harvey, T.E.3
  • 51
    • 0031805582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimates of marine mammal, turtle, and seabird mortality for two California gillnet fisheries: 1990-1995
    • Julian F., and Beeson M. Estimates of marine mammal, turtle, and seabird mortality for two California gillnet fisheries: 1990-1995. Fishery Bulletin 96 (1998) 271-284
    • (1998) Fishery Bulletin , vol.96 , pp. 271-284
    • Julian, F.1    Beeson, M.2
  • 52
    • 60149104312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reilly PN. Assessment of management alternatives for protecting marine mammals and birds in the central coast set gillnet fishery. California Department of Fish and Game Marine Region, biological opinion prepared for Director Robert C. Hight, 8, September 2000.
    • Reilly PN. Assessment of management alternatives for protecting marine mammals and birds in the central coast set gillnet fishery. California Department of Fish and Game Marine Region, biological opinion prepared for Director Robert C. Hight, 8, September 2000.
  • 54
    • 60149093155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carretta JV, Forney KA, Muto MM, Barlow J, Baker J, Lowry M. US Pacific marine mammal stock assessments: 2003. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SWFSC-358, US Department of Commerce, 2003.
    • Carretta JV, Forney KA, Muto MM, Barlow J, Baker J, Lowry M. US Pacific marine mammal stock assessments: 2003. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SWFSC-358, US Department of Commerce, 2003.
  • 57
    • 60149092994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wynne KM, Hicks DL, Munro NR. 1991 marine mammal observer program for the salmon driftnet fishery of Prince William Sound, Alaska. Unpublished report, Saltwater Inc., available from the National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Regional Office, Juneau, Alaska 99802 USA, 1992.
    • Wynne KM, Hicks DL, Munro NR. 1991 marine mammal observer program for the salmon driftnet fishery of Prince William Sound, Alaska. Unpublished report, Saltwater Inc., available from the National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Regional Office, Juneau, Alaska 99802 USA, 1992.
  • 61
    • 0028177394 scopus 로고
    • A global review of porpoise (Cetacea: Phocoenidae) mortality in gillnets
    • Jefferson T.A., and Curry B.E. A global review of porpoise (Cetacea: Phocoenidae) mortality in gillnets. Biological Conservation 67 (1994) 167-183
    • (1994) Biological Conservation , vol.67 , pp. 167-183
    • Jefferson, T.A.1    Curry, B.E.2
  • 62
    • 60149088703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carretta JV, Chivers SJ, Danil K. Preliminary estimates of marine mammal bycatch, mortality, and biological sampling of cetaceans in California gillnet fisheries for 2004. Administrative report, LJ-05-10, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, 2005.
    • Carretta JV, Chivers SJ, Danil K. Preliminary estimates of marine mammal bycatch, mortality, and biological sampling of cetaceans in California gillnet fisheries for 2004. Administrative report, LJ-05-10, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, 2005.
  • 64
    • 0036162391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bycatch in the tuna purse-seine fisheries of the western Indian Ocean
    • Romanov E.V. Bycatch in the tuna purse-seine fisheries of the western Indian Ocean. Fishery Bulletin 100 (2002) 90-105
    • (2002) Fishery Bulletin , vol.100 , pp. 90-105
    • Romanov, E.V.1
  • 65
    • 60149098771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carretta JV, Enriquez L. Marine mammal and sea turtle bycatch in the California/Oregon thresher shark and swordfish drift gillnet fishery in 2006. Administrative report, LJ-07-06, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, 2007.
    • Carretta JV, Enriquez L. Marine mammal and sea turtle bycatch in the California/Oregon thresher shark and swordfish drift gillnet fishery in 2006. Administrative report, LJ-07-06, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, 2007.
  • 66
    • 34848871279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions between marine mammals and pelagic longline fishing gear in the US Atlantic Ocean between 1992 and 1994
    • Garrison L.P. Interactions between marine mammals and pelagic longline fishing gear in the US Atlantic Ocean between 1992 and 1994. Fisheries Bulletin 105 (2007) 408-417
    • (2007) Fisheries Bulletin , vol.105 , pp. 408-417
    • Garrison, L.P.1
  • 67
    • 60149106933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rossman MC, Merrick RL. Harbor porpoise bycatch in the Northeast multiple species sink gillnet fishery and the Mid-Atlantic coastal gillnet fishery in 1998 and during January-May 1999. Reference Document 99-17, National Marine Fisheries Service, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, 1999.
    • Rossman MC, Merrick RL. Harbor porpoise bycatch in the Northeast multiple species sink gillnet fishery and the Mid-Atlantic coastal gillnet fishery in 1998 and during January-May 1999. Reference Document 99-17, National Marine Fisheries Service, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, 1999.
  • 68
    • 60149083150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Belden DL, Orphanides CD, Rossman MC, Palka DL. Estimates of cetacean and seal bycatch in the 2004 northeast sink gillnet and Mid-Atlantic coastal gillnet fisheries. Reference Document 06-13, National Marine Fisheries Service, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, 2006.
    • Belden DL, Orphanides CD, Rossman MC, Palka DL. Estimates of cetacean and seal bycatch in the 2004 northeast sink gillnet and Mid-Atlantic coastal gillnet fisheries. Reference Document 06-13, National Marine Fisheries Service, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, 2006.
  • 69
    • 60149097904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Belden DL. Estimates of cetacean and pinniped bycatch in the 2005 northeast sink gillnet and mid-Atlantic coastal gillnet fisheries. Reference Document 07-08, National Marine Fisheries Service, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, 2007.
    • Belden DL. Estimates of cetacean and pinniped bycatch in the 2005 northeast sink gillnet and mid-Atlantic coastal gillnet fisheries. Reference Document 07-08, National Marine Fisheries Service, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, 2007.
  • 72
    • 60149092378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Palka, DL, Rossman MC. Bycatch estimates of coastal bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) in US Mid-Atlantic gillnet fisheries for 1996-2000. Reference Document 01-15, National Marine Fisheries Service, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, 2001.
    • Palka, DL, Rossman MC. Bycatch estimates of coastal bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) in US Mid-Atlantic gillnet fisheries for 1996-2000. Reference Document 01-15, National Marine Fisheries Service, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, 2001.
  • 74
    • 60149092216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Richards PM. Estimated takes of protected species in the commercial directed shark bottom longline fishery 2003, 2004, and 2005. Contribution PRD-06/07-08, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, 2007.
    • Richards PM. Estimated takes of protected species in the commercial directed shark bottom longline fishery 2003, 2004, and 2005. Contribution PRD-06/07-08, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, 2007.
  • 75
    • 60149091585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Richards PM. Estimated takes of protected species in the commercial directed shark bottom longline fishery 2006. Contribution PRD-07/08-05, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, 2007.
    • Richards PM. Estimated takes of protected species in the commercial directed shark bottom longline fishery 2006. Contribution PRD-07/08-05, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, 2007.
  • 77
    • 0037132729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using annual body size fluctuations to explore potential causes for the decline in a nesting population of the loggerhead turtle Caretta caretta at Senri Beach, Japan
    • Hatase H., Goto K., Sato K., Bando T., Matsuzawa Y., and Sakamoto W. Using annual body size fluctuations to explore potential causes for the decline in a nesting population of the loggerhead turtle Caretta caretta at Senri Beach, Japan. Marine Ecology Progress Series 245 (2002) 299-304
    • (2002) Marine Ecology Progress Series , vol.245 , pp. 299-304
    • Hatase, H.1    Goto, K.2    Sato, K.3    Bando, T.4    Matsuzawa, Y.5    Sakamoto, W.6
  • 79
    • 55449118413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of time-area closures to reduce incidental sea turtle take in the Hawaii-based longline fishery: Generalized additive model (GAM) development and retrospective examination
    • US Department of Commerce
    • Kobayashi DR, Polovina JJ. Evaluation of time-area closures to reduce incidental sea turtle take in the Hawaii-based longline fishery: generalized additive model (GAM) development and retrospective examination. NOAA Technical Memorandum, NMFS-PIFSC-4, US Department of Commerce, 2005.
    • (2005) NOAA Technical Memorandum, NMFS-PIFSC-4
    • Kobayashi, D.R.1    Polovina, J.J.2
  • 81
    • 60149083587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carretta JV, Chivers SJ. Preliminary estimates of marine mammal mortality and biological sampling of cetaceans in California gillnet fisheries for 2003. Scientific Committee Paper, SC/56/SM1, International Whaling Commission, 2004.
    • Carretta JV, Chivers SJ. Preliminary estimates of marine mammal mortality and biological sampling of cetaceans in California gillnet fisheries for 2003. Scientific Committee Paper, SC/56/SM1, International Whaling Commission, 2004.
  • 82
    • 34250785744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Post-nesting migrations of leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) from Jamursba-Medi, Bird's Head Peninsula, Indonesia
    • Benson S.R., Dutton P.H., Hitipeuw C., Samber B., Bakarbessy J., and Parker D. Post-nesting migrations of leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) from Jamursba-Medi, Bird's Head Peninsula, Indonesia. Chelonian Conservation Biology 6 (2007) 150-154
    • (2007) Chelonian Conservation Biology , vol.6 , pp. 150-154
    • Benson, S.R.1    Dutton, P.H.2    Hitipeuw, C.3    Samber, B.4    Bakarbessy, J.5    Parker, D.6
  • 85
    • 60149110972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fairfield-Walsh C, Garrison LP. Estimated bycatch of marine mammals and turtles in the US Atlantic pelagic longline fleet during 2006. NOAA Technical Memorandum, NMFS-SEFSC-560, US Department of Commerce, 2007.
    • Fairfield-Walsh C, Garrison LP. Estimated bycatch of marine mammals and turtles in the US Atlantic pelagic longline fleet during 2006. NOAA Technical Memorandum, NMFS-SEFSC-560, US Department of Commerce, 2007.
  • 88
    • 33845485073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do circle hooks reduce the mortality of sea turtles in pelagic longlines? A review of recent experiments
    • Read A.J. Do circle hooks reduce the mortality of sea turtles in pelagic longlines? A review of recent experiments. Biological Conservation 135 (2007) 155-169
    • (2007) Biological Conservation , vol.135 , pp. 155-169
    • Read, A.J.1
  • 90
    • 33646004592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Status of nesting loggerhead turtles Caretta caretta at Bald Head Island (North Carolina, USA) after 24 years of intensive monitoring and conservation
    • Hawkes L.A., Broderick A.C., Godfrey M.H., and Godley B.J. Status of nesting loggerhead turtles Caretta caretta at Bald Head Island (North Carolina, USA) after 24 years of intensive monitoring and conservation. Oryx 39 (2005) 65-72
    • (2005) Oryx , vol.39 , pp. 65-72
    • Hawkes, L.A.1    Broderick, A.C.2    Godfrey, M.H.3    Godley, B.J.4
  • 92
    • 17444392862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bycatch quotas in the Gulf of Mexico shrimp trawl fishery: can they work?
    • Diamond S.L. Bycatch quotas in the Gulf of Mexico shrimp trawl fishery: can they work?. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 14 (2004) 207-237
    • (2004) Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries , vol.14 , pp. 207-237
    • Diamond, S.L.1
  • 93
    • 0028993714 scopus 로고
    • Winter distribution of sea turtles in the vicinity of Cape Hatteras and their interactions with the summer flounder trawl fishery
    • Epperly S.P., Braun J., Chester A.J., Cross F.A., Merriner J.V., and Tester P.A. Winter distribution of sea turtles in the vicinity of Cape Hatteras and their interactions with the summer flounder trawl fishery. Bulletin of Marine Science 56 (1995) 547-568
    • (1995) Bulletin of Marine Science , vol.56 , pp. 547-568
    • Epperly, S.P.1    Braun, J.2    Chester, A.J.3    Cross, F.A.4    Merriner, J.V.5    Tester, P.A.6
  • 95
    • 0345172283 scopus 로고
    • The history and politics of turtle excluder device regulations
    • Donnelly M.A. The history and politics of turtle excluder device regulations. Endangered Species Update 6 (1989) 1-5
    • (1989) Endangered Species Update , vol.6 , pp. 1-5
    • Donnelly, M.A.1
  • 97
    • 0344586653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of turtle excluder devices and fisheries closures on loggerhead and Kemp's ridley strandings in the western Gulf of Mexico
    • Lewison R.L., Crowder L.B., and Shaver D.J. The impact of turtle excluder devices and fisheries closures on loggerhead and Kemp's ridley strandings in the western Gulf of Mexico. Conservation Biology 17 (2003) 1089-1097
    • (2003) Conservation Biology , vol.17 , pp. 1089-1097
    • Lewison, R.L.1    Crowder, L.B.2    Shaver, D.J.3
  • 98
    • 0036326619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Turtle excluder devices-are the escape openings large enough?
    • Epperly S., and Teas W.G. Turtle excluder devices-are the escape openings large enough?. Fishery Bulletin 100 (2002) 466-474
    • (2002) Fishery Bulletin , vol.100 , pp. 466-474
    • Epperly, S.1    Teas, W.G.2
  • 99
    • 7244239447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population models for Atlantic loggerheads: past, present and future
    • Bolton A.B., and Witherington B.L. (Eds), Smithsonian Books, Washington, DC
    • Heppell S.S., Crowder L.B., Crouse D.T., Epperly S.P., and Frazer N.B. Population models for Atlantic loggerheads: past, present and future. In: Bolton A.B., and Witherington B.L. (Eds). Loggerhead sea turtles (2003), Smithsonian Books, Washington, DC 255-273
    • (2003) Loggerhead sea turtles , pp. 255-273
    • Heppell, S.S.1    Crowder, L.B.2    Crouse, D.T.3    Epperly, S.P.4    Frazer, N.B.5
  • 100
    • 60149088887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (LDWF-MFD) Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, Marine Fisheries Division. Louisiana Trawl Gear Characterization. Prepared for the National Marine Fisheries Service for its Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico state trawl fisheries gear characterization report (Federal Register 71:65473065474), as part of The Strategy for Sea Turtle conservation and recovery in relation to Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico Fisheries, 2006. Accessed 9 May 2008 〈http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/species/turtles/trawl.htm〉.
    • (LDWF-MFD) Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, Marine Fisheries Division. Louisiana Trawl Gear Characterization. Prepared for the National Marine Fisheries Service for its Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico state trawl fisheries gear characterization report (Federal Register 71:65473065474), as part of The Strategy for Sea Turtle conservation and recovery in relation to Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico Fisheries, 2006. Accessed 9 May 2008 〈http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/species/turtles/trawl.htm〉.
  • 101
    • 0029200921 scopus 로고
    • Effects of turtle-excluder devices (TEDs) on loggerhead sea turtle strandings with implications for conservation
    • Crowder L.B., Hopkins-Murphy S.R., and Royle A. Effects of turtle-excluder devices (TEDs) on loggerhead sea turtle strandings with implications for conservation. Copeia 1995 (1995) 773-779
    • (1995) Copeia , vol.1995 , pp. 773-779
    • Crowder, L.B.1    Hopkins-Murphy, S.R.2    Royle, A.3
  • 102
    • 0003820162 scopus 로고
    • Sea turtle trawl development:, National Marine Fisheries Service, Pascagoula, Mississippi
    • Watson J. Sea turtle trawl development: annual report. National Marine Fisheries Service, Pascagoula, Mississippi, 1981.
    • (1981) annual report
    • Watson, J.1
  • 103
    • 0033302898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reducing prawn trawl bycatch in Australia: an overview and example from Queensland
    • Robins J.B., Campbell M.J., and McGilvray J.G. Reducing prawn trawl bycatch in Australia: an overview and example from Queensland. Marine Fisheries Review 61 (1999) 46-55
    • (1999) Marine Fisheries Review , vol.61 , pp. 46-55
    • Robins, J.B.1    Campbell, M.J.2    McGilvray, J.G.3
  • 104
    • 15944367089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring the catch of turtles in the Northern Prawn Fishery
    • Final report, Fisheries Research and Development Corporation, Canberra, Australia
    • Robins JB, Goodspeed AM, Poiner I, Harch BD. Monitoring the catch of turtles in the Northern Prawn Fishery. Final report, Fisheries Research and Development Corporation, Canberra, Australia, 2002.
    • (2002)
    • Robins, J.B.1    Goodspeed, A.M.2    Poiner, I.3    Harch, B.D.4
  • 105
    • 60149097584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Murray KT. Estimated average annual bycatch of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) in US Mid-Atlantic bottom otter trawl gear, 1996-2004. Reference Document 06-19, National Marine Fisheries Service, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, 2006.
    • Murray KT. Estimated average annual bycatch of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) in US Mid-Atlantic bottom otter trawl gear, 1996-2004. Reference Document 06-19, National Marine Fisheries Service, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, 2006.
  • 106
    • 60149084980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Murray KT. Bycatch of sea turtles in the Mid-Atlantic sea scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) dredge fishery during 2003. Reference Document 04-11, National Marine Fisheries Service, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, 2004.
    • Murray KT. Bycatch of sea turtles in the Mid-Atlantic sea scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) dredge fishery during 2003. Reference Document 04-11, National Marine Fisheries Service, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, 2004.
  • 107
    • 60149103807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Murray KT. Total bycatch estimate of loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) in the 2004 Atlantic sea scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) dredge fishery. Reference Document 05-12, National Marine Fisheries Service, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, 2005.
    • Murray KT. Total bycatch estimate of loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) in the 2004 Atlantic sea scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) dredge fishery. Reference Document 05-12, National Marine Fisheries Service, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, 2005.
  • 108
    • 60149100036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimated bycatch of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) in US Mid-Atlantic scallop trawl gear, 2004-2005, and in scallop dredge gear, 2005
    • National Marine Fisheries Service, Northeast Fisheries Science Center
    • Murray, K. T. Estimated bycatch of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) in US Mid-Atlantic scallop trawl gear, 2004-2005, and in scallop dredge gear, 2005. Reference Document 07-04, National Marine Fisheries Service, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, 2007.
    • (2007) Reference Document 07-04
    • Murray, K.T.1
  • 109
    • 0031413936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Catch and bycatch in the shark drift gillnet fishery off Georgia and east Florida
    • Trent L., Parshley D.E., and Carlson J.K. Catch and bycatch in the shark drift gillnet fishery off Georgia and east Florida. Marine Fisheries Review 59 (1997) 19-28
    • (1997) Marine Fisheries Review , vol.59 , pp. 19-28
    • Trent, L.1    Parshley, D.E.2    Carlson, J.K.3
  • 110
    • 60149084263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protected species interactions with the directed shark gillnet fishery of Florida and Georgia from 1999 to 2002
    • National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center
    • Garrison L. Protected species interactions with the directed shark gillnet fishery of Florida and Georgia from 1999 to 2002. Unpublished report, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, 2003.
    • (2003) Unpublished report
    • Garrison, L.1
  • 111
    • 77149150455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-profile gillnet testing in the deep water region of Pamlico Sound, NC
    • North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Marine Fisheries
    • Price B, Salisbury CV. Low-profile gillnet testing in the deep water region of Pamlico Sound, NC. Completion report for fishery resource grant 06-FEG-02, ESA scientific research permit 1563. North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Marine Fisheries, 2007.
    • (2007) Completion report for fishery resource grant 06-FEG-02, ESA scientific research permit , pp. 1563
    • Price, B.1    Salisbury, C.V.2
  • 114
    • 60149102004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cousins KL. The black-footed albatross population biology workshop: a step to understanding the impacts of longline fishing on the seabird populations. In: Melvin EF, Parrish JK, editors. Seabird bycatch: trends, roadblocks, and solutions. University of Alaska Sea Grant, AK-SG-01-01, Fairbanks, Alaska, 2001, p. 95-114.
    • Cousins KL. The black-footed albatross population biology workshop: a step to understanding the impacts of longline fishing on the seabird populations. In: Melvin EF, Parrish JK, editors. Seabird bycatch: trends, roadblocks, and solutions. University of Alaska Sea Grant, AK-SG-01-01, Fairbanks, Alaska, 2001, p. 95-114.
  • 115
    • 60149110829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Summary of seabird bycatch in Alaskan groundfish fisheries, 1993
    • NMFS National Marine Fisheries Service, 13 April
    • (NMFS) National Marine Fisheries Service. Summary of seabird bycatch in Alaskan groundfish fisheries, 1993 through 2004.Unpublished report, 2006, Updated 13 April 2006.
    • (2006) through 2004.Unpublished report, 2006, Updated
  • 116
    • 18844440970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Principles and approaches to abate seabird by-catch in longline fisheries
    • Gilman E., Brothers N., and Kobayashi D.R. Principles and approaches to abate seabird by-catch in longline fisheries. Fish and Fisheries 6 (2005) 35-49
    • (2005) Fish and Fisheries , vol.6 , pp. 35-49
    • Gilman, E.1    Brothers, N.2    Kobayashi, D.R.3
  • 117
    • 33745265192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seabird mortality on factory trawlers in the Falkland Islands and beyond
    • Sullivan B.J., Reid T.A., and Bugoni L. Seabird mortality on factory trawlers in the Falkland Islands and beyond. Biological Conservation 131 (2006) 495-504
    • (2006) Biological Conservation , vol.131 , pp. 495-504
    • Sullivan, B.J.1    Reid, T.A.2    Bugoni, L.3
  • 118
    • 33746628997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seabird use of discards and incidental captures at the Argentine hake trawl fishery in the Golfo San Jorge, Argentina
    • Gonzales-Zevallos D., and Yorio P. Seabird use of discards and incidental captures at the Argentine hake trawl fishery in the Golfo San Jorge, Argentina. Marine Ecology Progress Series 316 (2006) 175-183
    • (2006) Marine Ecology Progress Series , vol.316 , pp. 175-183
    • Gonzales-Zevallos, D.1    Yorio, P.2
  • 119
    • 33847041843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reducing seabird bycatch in longline, trawl and gillnet fisheries
    • Bull L. Reducing seabird bycatch in longline, trawl and gillnet fisheries. Fish and Fisheries 8 (2007) 31-56
    • (2007) Fish and Fisheries , vol.8 , pp. 31-56
    • Bull, L.1
  • 120
    • 48649093988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions between seabirds and deep water hake trawl gear: an assessment of impacts in South African waters
    • Watkins B.P., Petersen S.L., and Ryan P.G. Interactions between seabirds and deep water hake trawl gear: an assessment of impacts in South African waters. Animal Conservation 11 (2008) 247-254
    • (2008) Animal Conservation , vol.11 , pp. 247-254
    • Watkins, B.P.1    Petersen, S.L.2    Ryan, P.G.3
  • 122
    • 60149086394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geernaert TO, Gilroy HL, Kaimmer SM, Williams GH, Trumble RJ. A feasibility study that investigates options for monitoring bycatch of the short-tailed albatross in the Pacific halibut fishery off Alaska. Report of the International Pacific Halibut Commission, prepared for the National Marine Fisheries Service, 2001.
    • Geernaert TO, Gilroy HL, Kaimmer SM, Williams GH, Trumble RJ. A feasibility study that investigates options for monitoring bycatch of the short-tailed albatross in the Pacific halibut fishery off Alaska. Report of the International Pacific Halibut Commission, prepared for the National Marine Fisheries Service, 2001.
  • 123
    • 48649096853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using digital video monitoring systems in fisheries: Application for monitoring compliance of seabird avoidance devices and seabird mortality in Pacific halibut longline fisheries
    • US Department of Commerce
    • Ames RT, Williams GH, Fitzgerald SM. Using digital video monitoring systems in fisheries: application for monitoring compliance of seabird avoidance devices and seabird mortality in Pacific halibut longline fisheries. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-AFSC-152, US Department of Commerce, 2005.
    • (2005) NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-AFSC-152
    • Ames, R.T.1    Williams, G.H.2    Fitzgerald, S.M.3
  • 126
    • 60149087311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality of marbled murrelets in gill nets in North America. In: Ecology and conservation of the Marbled Murrelet. Ralph CJ, Hunt Jr. GL, Raphael MG, Piatt JF, editors
    • PSW-152, p. 271-83
    • Carter HR, McAllister MLC, Isleib ME. Mortality of marbled murrelets in gill nets in North America. In: Ecology and conservation of the Marbled Murrelet. Ralph CJ, Hunt Jr. GL, Raphael MG, Piatt JF, editors. USDA forest service general Technical report PSW-152, 1995, p. 271-83.
    • USDA forest service general Technical report , pp. 1995
    • Carter, H.R.1    McAllister, M.L.C.2    Isleib, M.E.3
  • 127
    • 60149084870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Piatt JF, Naslund NL. Abundance, distribution, and population status of marbled murrelets in Alaska. In: Ralph CJ, Hunt Jr. GL, Raphael MG, Piatt JF, editors. Ecology and conservation of the Marbled Murrelet, USDA forest service general Technical report PSW-152, 1995, p. 285-94.
    • Piatt JF, Naslund NL. Abundance, distribution, and population status of marbled murrelets in Alaska. In: Ralph CJ, Hunt Jr. GL, Raphael MG, Piatt JF, editors. Ecology and conservation of the Marbled Murrelet, USDA forest service general Technical report PSW-152, 1995, p. 285-94.
  • 128
    • 33444470084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population characteristics of common murres and rhinoceros auklets entangled in Puget Sound, Washington, from 1993 to 1994
    • Thompson C.W., Wilson M.L., Pierce D.J., and DeGhetto D. Population characteristics of common murres and rhinoceros auklets entangled in Puget Sound, Washington, from 1993 to 1994. Northwestern Naturalist 79 (1998) 77-91
    • (1998) Northwestern Naturalist , vol.79 , pp. 77-91
    • Thompson, C.W.1    Wilson, M.L.2    Pierce, D.J.3    DeGhetto, D.4
  • 129
    • 0032760523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel tools to reduce seabird bycatch in coastal gillnet fisheries
    • Melvin E.F., Parrish J.K., and Conquest L.L. Novel tools to reduce seabird bycatch in coastal gillnet fisheries. Conservation Biology 13 (1999) 1386-1397
    • (1999) Conservation Biology , vol.13 , pp. 1386-1397
    • Melvin, E.F.1    Parrish, J.K.2    Conquest, L.L.3
  • 130
    • 25144514958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimates of marine mammal, sea turtle, and seabird mortality in the California drift gillnet fishery for swordfish and thresher shark, 1996-2002
    • Carretta J.V., Price T., Petersen D., and Read R. Estimates of marine mammal, sea turtle, and seabird mortality in the California drift gillnet fishery for swordfish and thresher shark, 1996-2002. Marine Fisheries Review 66 (2004) 21-30
    • (2004) Marine Fisheries Review , vol.66 , pp. 21-30
    • Carretta, J.V.1    Price, T.2    Petersen, D.3    Read, R.4
  • 133
    • 60149106010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The spectacular migration of greater shearwaters
    • Ronconi R. The spectacular migration of greater shearwaters. Birdwatch Canada 39 Spring (2007) 4-7
    • (2007) Birdwatch Canada , vol.39 , Issue.Spring , pp. 4-7
    • Ronconi, R.1
  • 135
    • 60149085772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seabird entanglement by commercial fisheries in the northwestern Atlantic Ocean. In: Fisheries bycatch: consequences and management
    • no. 97-02. University of Alaska, Fairbanks
    • Lanza HM, Griffin CR. Seabird entanglement by commercial fisheries in the northwestern Atlantic Ocean. In: Fisheries bycatch: consequences and management, Alaska sea grant college program report no. 97-02. University of Alaska, Fairbanks, 1997, p. 17-21.
    • (1997) Alaska sea grant college program report , pp. 17-21
    • Lanza, H.M.1    Griffin, C.R.2
  • 136
    • 3042545266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality of migratory waterbirds in Mid-Atlantic coastal anchored gillnets during March and April, 1998
    • Fish and Wildlife Service, US Department of the Interior, Annapolis, Maryland
    • Forsell DJ. Mortality of migratory waterbirds in Mid-Atlantic coastal anchored gillnets during March and April, 1998. Special fish and wildlife status report, Chesapeake Bay Field Office, Fish and Wildlife Service, US Department of the Interior, Annapolis, Maryland, 1999.
    • (1999) Special fish and wildlife status report, Chesapeake Bay Field Office
    • Forsell, D.J.1
  • 139
    • 40349097916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population impacts of endangered short-tailed albatross bycatch in the Alaskan trawl fishery
    • Zador S.G., Punt A.E., and Parrish J.K. Population impacts of endangered short-tailed albatross bycatch in the Alaskan trawl fishery. Biological Conservation 141 (2008) 872-882
    • (2008) Biological Conservation , vol.141 , pp. 872-882
    • Zador, S.G.1    Punt, A.E.2    Parrish, J.K.3
  • 140
    • 1642302497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantifying the effects of bycatch on threatened species: the impact of pelagic longlines on loggerhead and leatherback sea turtles
    • Lewison R.L., Freeman S.A., and Crowder L.B. Quantifying the effects of bycatch on threatened species: the impact of pelagic longlines on loggerhead and leatherback sea turtles. Ecology Letters 7 (2004) 221-231
    • (2004) Ecology Letters , vol.7 , pp. 221-231
    • Lewison, R.L.1    Freeman, S.A.2    Crowder, L.B.3
  • 142
    • 0346361838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating fishery bycatch and effects on a vulnerable seabird population
    • Lewison R.L., and Crowder L.B. Estimating fishery bycatch and effects on a vulnerable seabird population. Ecological Applications 13 (2003) 743-753
    • (2003) Ecological Applications , vol.13 , pp. 743-753
    • Lewison, R.L.1    Crowder, L.B.2
  • 143
    • 34248169258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using Bayesian state-space modelling to assess the recovery and harvest potential of the Hawaiian green sea turtle stock
    • Chaloupka M., and Balazs G. Using Bayesian state-space modelling to assess the recovery and harvest potential of the Hawaiian green sea turtle stock. Ecological Modelling 205 (2007) 93-109
    • (2007) Ecological Modelling , vol.205 , pp. 93-109
    • Chaloupka, M.1    Balazs, G.2
  • 145
    • 46749111790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating the ability of birds to sustain additional human-caused mortalities using a simple decision rule and allometric relationships
    • Dillingham P.W., and Fletcher D. Estimating the ability of birds to sustain additional human-caused mortalities using a simple decision rule and allometric relationships. Biological Conservation 141 (2008) 1783-1792
    • (2008) Biological Conservation , vol.141 , pp. 1783-1792
    • Dillingham, P.W.1    Fletcher, D.2
  • 146
    • 65349096159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of diffusion approximation for risk assessments of sea turtle populations
    • in press
    • Snover ML, Heppell SS. Application of diffusion approximation for risk assessments of sea turtle populations. Ecological Applications, in press.
    • Ecological Applications
    • Snover, M.L.1    Heppell, S.S.2
  • 147
    • 60149087642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marine Fisheries Service, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center
    • Assessment of population-level impacts of potential increases in marine turtle interactions resulting from a Hawaii Longline association proposal to expand the Hawaii-based shallow-set fishery. Internal report, IR-08-010, National
    • Snover ML. Assessment of population-level impacts of potential increases in marine turtle interactions resulting from a Hawaii Longline association proposal to expand the Hawaii-based shallow-set fishery. Internal report, IR-08-010, National Marine Fisheries Service, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, 2008.
    • (2008)
    • Snover, M.L.1
  • 148
    • 60149087027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of Atlantic sea scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) fishery impacts on the North Atlantic population of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta)
    • US Department of Commerce
    • Merrick R, Haas H. Analysis of Atlantic sea scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) fishery impacts on the North Atlantic population of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta). NOAA Technical Memorandum, NMFS-NE-207, US Department of Commerce, 2008.
    • (2008) NOAA Technical Memorandum, NMFS-NE-207
    • Merrick, R.1    Haas, H.2
  • 149
    • 0033401330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seabird and marine mammal bycatch reduction through fishing industry funded research: the New Zealand conservation services levy program
    • West I.F., Molloy J., Donoghue M.F., and Pugsley C. Seabird and marine mammal bycatch reduction through fishing industry funded research: the New Zealand conservation services levy program. Marine Technology Society Journal 33 (1999) 13-18
    • (1999) Marine Technology Society Journal , vol.33 , pp. 13-18
    • West, I.F.1    Molloy, J.2    Donoghue, M.F.3    Pugsley, C.4
  • 150
    • 60149090055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carretta JV, Enriquez L. Marine mammal bycatch and estimated mortality in California commercial fisheries in 2005. Administrative report, LJ-06-07, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, 2006.
    • Carretta JV, Enriquez L. Marine mammal bycatch and estimated mortality in California commercial fisheries in 2005. Administrative report, LJ-06-07, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, 2006.
  • 152
    • 60149100679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cameron GA, Forney KA. Preliminary estimates of cetacean mortality in California/Oregon gillnet fisheries for 1999. Scientific Committee Paper, SC/52/O24, International Whaling Commission, 2000.
    • Cameron GA, Forney KA. Preliminary estimates of cetacean mortality in California/Oregon gillnet fisheries for 1999. Scientific Committee Paper, SC/52/O24, International Whaling Commission, 2000.
  • 153
    • 84893639702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimates of marine mammal and marine turtle bycatch by the US Atlantic pelagic longline fleet in 1992-1997
    • US Department of Commerce
    • Johnson DR, Yeung C., Brown CA. Estimates of marine mammal and marine turtle bycatch by the US Atlantic pelagic longline fleet in 1992-1997. NOAA Technical Memorandum, NMFS-SEFSC-418, US Department of Commerce, 1999.
    • (1999) NOAA Technical Memorandum, NMFS-SEFSC-418
    • Johnson, D.R.1    Yeung, C.2    Brown, C.A.3
  • 154
    • 60149096675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimates of marine mammal and marine turtle bycatch by the US Atlantic pelagic longline fleet in
    • NMFS-SEFSC-430, US Department of Commerce
    • Yeung C. Estimates of marine mammal and marine turtle bycatch by the US Atlantic pelagic longline fleet in 1998. NOAA Technical Memorandum, NMFS-SEFSC-430, US Department of Commerce, 1999.
    • (1998) Technical Memorandum , Issue.NOAA
    • Yeung, C.1
  • 155
    • 27944436457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimates of marine mammal and marine turtle bycatch by the US Atlantic pelagic longline fleet in 1999-2000
    • US Department of Commerce
    • Yeung C. Estimates of marine mammal and marine turtle bycatch by the US Atlantic pelagic longline fleet in 1999-2000. NOAA Technical Memorandum, NMFS-SEFSC-467, US Department of Commerce, 2001.
    • (2001) NOAA Technical Memorandum, NMFS-SEFSC-467
    • Yeung, C.1
  • 156
    • 60149103545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Summary of target species and protected resource catch rates by hook and bait type in the pelagic longline fishery in the Gulf of Mexico 1992-2002
    • National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center
    • Garrison LP. Summary of target species and protected resource catch rates by hook and bait type in the pelagic longline fishery in the Gulf of Mexico 1992-2002. Contribution, PRD-02/03-08, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, 2003.
    • (2003) Contribution, PRD-02/03-08
    • Garrison, L.P.1
  • 157
    • 60149087466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimated bycatch of marine mammals and turtles in the US Atlantic pelagic longline fleet during
    • NMFS-SEFSC-531, US Department of Commerce
    • Garrison LP. Estimated bycatch of marine mammals and turtles in the US Atlantic pelagic longline fleet during 2004. NOAA Technical Memorandum, NMFS-SEFSC-531, US Department of Commerce, 2005.
    • (2004) Technical Memorandum , Issue.NOAA
    • Garrison, L.P.1
  • 158
    • 60149089039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Garrison LP, Richards PM. Estimated bycatch of marine mammals and turtles in the US Atlantic pelagic longline fleet during 2003. NOAA Technical Memorandum, NMFS-SEFSC-527, US Department of Commerce, 2004.
    • Garrison LP, Richards PM. Estimated bycatch of marine mammals and turtles in the US Atlantic pelagic longline fleet during 2003. NOAA Technical Memorandum, NMFS-SEFSC-527, US Department of Commerce, 2004.
  • 159
    • 60149095762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fairfield-Walsh C, Garrison LP. Estimated bycatch of marine mammals and turtles in the US Atlantic pelagic longline fleet during 2005. NOAA Technical Memorandum, NMFS-SEFSC-539, US Department of Commerce, 2006.
    • Fairfield-Walsh C, Garrison LP. Estimated bycatch of marine mammals and turtles in the US Atlantic pelagic longline fleet during 2005. NOAA Technical Memorandum, NMFS-SEFSC-539, US Department of Commerce, 2006.
  • 160
    • 0030479450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bravington MV, Bisack KD. Estimates of harbour porpoise bycatch in the Gulf of Maine sink gillnet fishery, 1990-1993. Report of the International Whaling Commission, 1996, 46, p. 567-74.
    • Bravington MV, Bisack KD. Estimates of harbour porpoise bycatch in the Gulf of Maine sink gillnet fishery, 1990-1993. Report of the International Whaling Commission, 1996, vol. 46, p. 567-74.
  • 161
    • 60149093945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bisack KD. Estimates of marine mammal bycatch in the northeast (New England) multispecies sink gillnet fishery in 1996. Reference Document, 03-18, National Marine Fisheries Service, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, 2003.
    • Bisack KD. Estimates of marine mammal bycatch in the northeast (New England) multispecies sink gillnet fishery in 1996. Reference Document, 03-18, National Marine Fisheries Service, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, 2003.
  • 162
    • 60149095604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The directed shark gillnet fishery: Catch and bycatch, 2003
    • National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center
    • Carlson JK, Baremore IE. The directed shark gillnet fishery: catch and bycatch, 2003. SFD Contribution, PCB-03/07, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, 2003.
    • (2003) SFD Contribution, PCB-03/07
    • Carlson, J.K.1    Baremore, I.E.2
  • 163
    • 60149106199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The directed shark gillnet fishery: Catch and bycatch, 2004
    • National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center
    • Carlson JK, Bethea DM, Baremore IE. The directed shark gillnet fishery: catch and bycatch, 2004. SFD Contribution, PCB-05-01, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, 2005.
    • (2005) SFD Contribution, PCB-05-01
    • Carlson, J.K.1    Bethea, D.M.2    Baremore, I.E.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.