Calculating limits to the allowable human-caused mortality of cetaceans and pinnipeds

Marine Mammal Science

Volumn 14, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 1-37

  Wade, Paul R ^a  

^a NOAA National Marine Mammal Laboratory   (United States)

Author keywords

Bycatch; Cetacean; Conservation; Incidental fisheries mortality; Management; Mortality limit; PBR; Pinniped; Population modeling; U.S. MMPA

Indexed keywords

CONSERVATION; HUMAN IMPACT; MARINE MAMMAL; MAXIMUM NET PRODUCTIVITY LEVEL; MORALITY LIMIT; MORTALITY LIMIT; POPULATION ESTIMATION;

EID: 0031982618     PISSN: 08240469     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-7692.1998.tb00688.x     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. BARLOW, J. 1995. The abundance of cetaceans in California waters. Part I: Ship surveys in summer and fall of 1991. Fishery Bulletin, U.S. 93:1-14.
2. BARLOW, J., AND K. A. FORNEY. 1994. An assessment of the 1994 status of harbor porpoise in California. U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SWFSC-205. 17 pp.
3. BARLOW, J., R. L. BROWNELL, JR., D. P. DEMASTER, K. FORNEY, M. LOWRY, S. OSMEK, T. RAGEN, R. REEVES AND R. SMALL. 1995a. U.S. Pacific marine mammal stock assessments. U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SWFSC-219. 162 pp.
4. BARLOW, J., S. SWARTZ, T. EAGLE AND P. WADE. 1995b. U.S. marine mammal stock assessments: guidelines for preparation, background, and a summary of the 1995 assessments. U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-OPR-6. 73 pp.
5. BEST, P. B. 1993. Increase rates in severely depleted stocks of baleen whales. ICES Journal of Marine Science 50:169-186.
6. BLAYLOCK, R. A., J. W. HAIN, L. J. HANSEN, D. L. PALKA AND G. T. WARING. 1995. U.S. Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico Marine Mammal Stock Assessments. U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC-363. 211 pp.
7. BRAULT, S., AND H. CASWELL. 1993. Pod-specific demography of killer whales (Orcinus orca). Ecology 7:1444-1454.
8. COOPER, C. F., AND B. S. STEWART. 1983. Demography of northern elephant seals, 1911-1982. Science 219:969-971.
9. DONOVAN, G. P. 1989. The comprehensive assessment of whale stocks: the early years. Reports of the International Whaling Commission (Special Issue 11).
10. EBERHARDT, L. 1977. Optimal policies for conservation of large mammals, with special reference to marine ecosystems. Environmental Conservation 4:205-212.
11. FORNEY, K. A. 1995. A decline in the abundance of harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) in near-shore waters off California, 1986-93. Fishery Bulletin, U.S. 93:741-748.
12. FOWLER, C. W. 1981. Density dependence as related to life history strategy. Ecology 62:602-610.
13. FOWLER, C. W. 1984. Density dependence in cetacean populations. Report of the International Whaling Commission (Special Issue 6):401-441.
14. FOWLER, C. W. 1987. A review of density dependence in populations of large mammals. Pages 401-441 in H. H. Genoways, ed. Current mammalogy, Volume 1. Plenum Publishing Corporation, New York, NY.
15. FOWLER, C. W. 1994. Further consideration of nonlinearity in density dependence among large mammals. Report of the International Whaling Commission 44: 385-391.
16. FOWLER, C. W., AND J. BAKER. 1991. A review of animal population dynamics at extremely reduced population levels. Report of the International Whaling Commission 41:545-554.
17. FOWLER, C. W., W. T. BUNDERSON, M. B. CHERRY, R. J. RYEL AND B. B STEELE. 1980. Comparative population dynamics of large mammals; a search for management criteria. Report number MMC-77-20 to the United States Marine Mammal Commission, National Technical Information Service NTIS PB80-178627.
18. GERRODETTE, T. 1987. A power analysis for detecting trends. Ecology 68:1364-1372.
19. GERRODETTE, T., AND D. P. DEMASTER. 1990. Quantitative determination of optimum sustainable population level. Marine Mammal Science 6:1-16.
20. GILMARTIN, W. G., AND L. L. EBERHARDT. 1995. Status of the Hawaiian monk seal (Monachus schauinslandi) population. Canadian Journal of Zoology 73:1185-1190.
21. GILPIN, M. E., AND M. E. SOULÉ. 1986. Minimum viable populations: The process of species extinctions. Pages 13-34 in M. E. Soulé, ed. Conservation biology: The science of scarcity and diversity. Sinauer Associated, Sunderland, MA.
22. GOODMAN, D. 1980. The maximum yield problem: Distortion in the yield curve due to age structure. Theoretical Population Biology 18:160-174.
23. GOODMAN, D. 1988. Dynamic response analysis I. Qualitative estimation of stock status relative to maximum net productivity level from observed dynamics. Marine Mammal Science 4:183-195.
24. HOLT, R. S., T. GERRODETTE AND J. B. COLOGNE. 1987. Research vessel survey design for monitoring dolphin abundance in the eastern tropical Pacific. Fishery Bulletin, U.S. 85:433-446.
25. KENYON, K. W., V. B. SCHEFFER AND D. G. CHAPMAN. 1954. A population study of the Alaska fur seal herd. Special Scientific Report U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 12. 77 pp.
26. KNOWLTON, A. R., S. D. KRAUS AND R. D. KENNEY. 1994. Reproduction in North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis). Canadian Journal of Zoology 72:1297-1305.
27. KRAUS, S. D. 1990. Rates and potential causes of mortality in North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis). Marine Mammal Science 6:278-291.
28. MACCALL, A. D., AND K. TATSUKAWA. 1994. Theoretical effects of habitat selection on distribution and productivity of whales. Report of the International Whaling Commission 44:407-411.
29. MANGEL, M., L. M. TALBOT, G. K. MEFFE, M. T. AGARDY, D. L. ALVERSON, J. BARLOW, D. B. BOTKIN, G. BUDOWSKI, T. CLARK, J. COOKE, R. H. CROZIER, P. K. DAYTON, D. L. ELDER, C. W. FOWLER, S. FUNTOWICZ, J. GISKE, R. J. HOFMAN, S. J. HOLT, S. R. KELLERT, L. A. KIMBALL, D. LUDWIG, K. MAGNUSSON, B. S. MALAYANG III, C. MANN, E. A. NORSE, S. P. NORTHRIDGE, W. F. PERRIN, C. PERRINGS, R. M. PETERMAN, G. B. RABB, H. A. REGIER, J. E. REYNOLDS III, K. SHERMAN, M. P. SISSENWINE, T. D. SMITH, A. STARFIELD, R. J. TAYLOR, M. F. TILLMAN, C. TOFT, J. R. TWISS, JR., J. WILEN AND T. P. YOUNG. 1996. Principles for the conservation of wild living resources. Ecological Applications 6:338-362.
30. NMFS. 1994a. Annual report to Congress regarding administration of the Marine Mammal Protection Act, Office of Protected Resources, National Marine Fisheries Service. 102 pp + appendices. Available from the NMFS Office of Protected Resources, Silver Spring, MD.
31. NMFS. 1994b. Estimating harbor porpoise bycatch in the Gulf of Maine sink gillnet fishery, NOAA/NMFS/NEFSC Ref. Doc. 94-24, Conservation and Utilization Division. Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Woods Hole, MA. 5 pp.
32. OLESIUK, P. F., M. A. BIGG AND G. M. ELLIS. 1990a. Life history and population dynamics of resident killer whales (Orcinus orca) in the coastal waters of British Columbia and Washington State. Report of the International Whaling Commission (Special Issue 12):209-243.
33. OLESIUK, P. F., M. A. BIGG AND G. M. ELLIS. 1990b. Recent trends in the abundance of harbour seals, Phoca vitulina, in British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 47:992-1003.
34. PALKA, D. 1995. Abundance estimates of the Gulf of Maine harbor porpoise. Report of the International Whaling Commission (Special Issue 16):27-56.
35. PAYNE, M. R. 1977. Growth of a fur seal population. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 279:67-79.
36. PERRIN, W. F. 1969. Using porpoise to catch tuna. World Fishing 18:42-45.
37. RAGEN, T. J. 1995. Maximum net productivity level estimation for the northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) population of St. Paul Island, Alaska. Marine Mammal Science 11:275-300.
38. REILLY, S. B. 1992. Population biology and status of eastern Pacific gray whales: Recent developments. Pages 1062-1074 in D. R. McCullough and R. H. Barrett, eds. Wildlife 2001: Populations. Elsevier Applied Science, London and New York.
39. REILLY, S. B., AND J. BARLOW. 1986. Rates of increase in dolphin population size. Fishery Bulletin, U.S. 84:527-533.
40. SMITH, T. 1983. Changes in size of three dolphin (Stenella spp.) populations in the eastern tropical Pacific. Fishery Bulletin, U.S. 81:1-13.
41. SUMMERS, C. F. 1978. Trends in the size of British grey seal populations. Journal of Applied Ecology 15:395-400.
42. TAYLOR, B. L. 1993. "Best" abundance estimates and best management: Why they are not the same. U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SWFSC-188. 20 pp.
43. TAYLOR, B. L., AND D. P. DEMASTER. 1993. Implications of non-linear density dependence. Marine Mammal Science 9:360-371.
44. TAYLOR, B. L., AND T. GERRODETTE. 1993. The uses of statistical power in conservation biology: The vaquita and northern spotted owl. Conservation Biology 7:489-500.
45. WADE, P. R. 1994. Abundance and population dynamics of two eastern Pacific dolphins, Stenella attenuata and Stenella longirostris orientalis. Ph.D. thesis, University of California, San Diego, CA. 255 pp.
46. WADE, P. R. 1995. Revised estimates of incidental kill of dolphins (Delphinidae) by the purse-seine tuna fishery in the eastern tropical Pacific, 1959-1972. Fishery Bulletin, U.S. 93:345-354.
47. WADE, P. R., AND T. GERRODETTE. 1992. Estimates of dolphin abundance in the eastern tropical Pacific: Preliminary analysis of five years of data. Report of the International Whaling Commission 42:533-539.
48. WAHLEN, B. E., AND T. D. SMITH. 1985. Observer effect on incidental dolphin mortality in the eastern tropical Pacific tuna fishery. Fishery Bulletin, U.S. 83:521-530.
49. WILKINSON, I. S., AND M. N. BESTER. 1990. Continued population increase in fur seals, Arctocephalus tropicalis and A. gazella, at the Prince Edwards Islands. South African Journal of Antarctic Research 20:58-63.
50. YORK, A. E. 1987. On comparing the population dynamics of fur seals. Pages 133-140 in J. P. Croxall and R. L. Gentry, eds. Status, biology, and ecology of fur seals. NOAA Technical Report No. 51. 212 pp.
51. ZEH, J. E., J. C. GEORGE, A. E. RAFERTY AND G. M. CARROL. 1991. Rate of increase, 1978-1988, of bowhead whales, Balaena mysticetus, estimated from ice-based census data. Marine Mammal Science 7:105-122.