Inorganic arsenic and human prostate cancer

Ciencia e Saude Coletiva

Volumn 14, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 307-318

  Benbrahim Tallaa, Lamia ^a   Waalkes, Michael ^a  

^a NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

Androgen independent; Arsenic; Carcinogenesis; Human malignant transformation; Prostate; Ras

Indexed keywords

EID: 60049090621     PISSN: 14138123     EISSN: 16784561     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1590/S1413-81232009000100037     Document Type: Review

References (78)

1. Nordstrom DK. Worldwide occurrences of arsenic in ground water. Science 2002; 21:2143-2145.
2. Smedley PL, Kinniburgh DG. A review of the source, behavior and distribution of arsenic in natural waters. Appl Geochem 2002; 17:517-568.
3. International Agency for Research on Cancer. Some drinking-water disinfectants and contaminants, including arsenic. IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum 2004; 84:269-477.
4. National Research Council. Arsenic in Drinking Water. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press; 1999.
5. National Research Council. Arsenic in Drinking Water. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press; 2001.
6. National Toxicology Program. Arsenic compounds, inorganic. In: 11th Report on Carcinogens. Research Triangle Park, NC: National Toxicology Program; 2004.
7. Kitchin KT. Recent advances in arsenic carcinogenesis: modes of action, animal model systems, and methylated arsenic metabolites. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2001; 172:249-261.
8. Rossman TG. Mechanism of arsenic carcinogenesis: an integrated approach. Mutat Res 2003; 533:37-65.
9. Simeonova PP, Luster MI. Mechanisms of arsenic carcinogenicity: genetic or epigenetic mechanisms? J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 2000; 19:281-286.
10. Waalkes MP, Liu J, Diwan BA. Transplacental arsenic carcinogenesis in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2007; 222(3):271-280.
11. Achanzar WE, Brambila EM, Diwan BA, Webber MM, Waalkes MP. Inorganic arsenite induced malignant transformation of human prostate epithelial cells. J Natl Cancer Inst 2002; 94:1888-1891.
12. Pi J, Qu W, Reece JF, Kumagai Y, Waalkes MP. Transcription factor Nrf2 activation by inorganic arsenic in cultured keratinocytes: involvement of hydrogen peroxide. Exp Cell Res 2003; 290:234-245.
13. Sens DA, Park S, Gurel V, Sens MA, Garrett SH, Somji S. Inorganic cadmium- and arsenite-induced malignant transformation of human bladder urothelial cells. Toxicol Sci 2004; 79:56-63.
14. Aposhian VH, Aposhian MM. Arsenic toxicology: five questions. Chem Res Toxicol 2006; 19:1-15.
15. Styblo M, Drobna Z, Jaspers I, Lin S, Thomas DJ. The role of biomethylation in toxicity and carcinogenicity of arsenic: a research update. Environ Health Perspect 2002; 110:767-771.
16. Thomas DJ, Styblo M, Lin S. The cellular metabolism and systemic toxicity of arsenic. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2001; 176:127-144.
17. Patterson TJ, Ngo M, Aronov PA, Reznikova TV, Green PJ, Rice RH. Biological activity of inorganic arsenic and antimony reflects oxidation state in cultured human keratinocytes. Chem Res Toxicol 2003; 16:1624-1631
18. Benbrahim-Tallaa L, Waterland RA, Styblo M, Achanzar WE, Webber MM, Waalkes MP. Molecular events associated with arsenic-induced malignant transformation of human prostatic epithelial cells: aberrant genomic DNA methylation and K-ras oncogene activation. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2005; 206:288-298.
19. Mass MJ, Tennant A, Roop BC, Cullen WR, Styblo M, Thomas DJ, Kligerman AD. Methylated trivalent arsenic species are genotoxic. Chem Res Toxicol 2001; 14:355-361.
20. Styblo M, Del Razo LM, Vega L, Germolec DR, LeCluyse EL, Hamilton GA, Reed W, Wang C, Cullen WR, Thomas DJ. Comparative toxicity of trivalent and pentavalent inorganic and methylated arsenicals in rat and human cells. Arch Toxicol 2000; 74:289-299.
21. Wei M, Wanibuchi H, Morimura K, Iwai S, Yoshida K, Endo G, Nakae D, Fukushima S. Carcinogenicity of dimethylarsinic acid in male F344 rats and genetic alterations in induced urinary bladder tumors. Carcinogenesis 2002; 23:1387-1397.
22. Bredfeldt TG, Jagadish B, Eblin KE, Mash EA, Gandolfi AJ. Monomethylarsonous acid induces transformation of human bladder cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2006; 216:69-79.
23. Huang RN, Lee TC. Cellular uptake of trivalent arsenite and pentavalent arsenate in KB cells cultured in phosphate-free medium. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1996; 136:243-249.
24. Liu Z, Shen J, Carbrey JM, Mukhopadhyay R, Agre P, Rosen BP. Arsenite transport by mammalian aquaglyceroporins AQP7 and AQP9. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2002; 99:6053-6058.
25. Bridges CC, Zalups RK. Molecular and ionic mimicry and the transport of toxic metals. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2005; 204:274-308.
26. Leslie EM, Haimeur A, Waalkes MP. Arsenic transport by the human multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1/ABCC1). Evidence that a tri-glutathione conjugate is required. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:32700-32708.
27. Liu J, Chen H, Miller DS, Saavedra JE, Keefer LK, Johnson DR, Klaassen CD, Waalkes MP. Overexpression of glutathione S-transferase II and multidrug resistance transport proteins is associated with acquired tolerance to inorganic arsenic. Mol Pharmacol 2001; 60:302-309.
28. Crawford ED. Epidemiology of prostate cancer. Urology 2003; 62:3-12.
29. Parkin DM, Bray F, Ferlay J, Pisani P. Global cancer statistics, 2002. CA Cancer J Clin. 2005; 55:74-108.
30. McKay L, Macintyre S, Ellaway A. Migration and Health: A Review of the International Literature. Occasional paper N. 12. Glasgow: MRC Social and Public Health Sciences Unit; 2003. p. 89-129.
31. Moradi T, Delfino RJ, Bergstrom SR, Yu ES, Adami HO, Yuen J. Cancer risk among Scandinavian immigrants in the US and Scandinavian residents compared with US whites, 1973-89. Eur J Cancer Prev 1998; 7:117-125.
32. Stemmermann GN, Nomura AM, Chyou PH, Kato I, Kuroishi T. Cancer incidence in Hawaiian Japanese: migrants from Okinawa compared with those from other prefectures. Jpn J Cancer Res 1991; 82:1366-1370.
33. nd ed. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press; 1996. p. 236-254.
34. Hutchinson J. Arsenic cancer. Br Med J 1887; 2:1280-1281.
35. Brown KG, Ross GL. American Council on Science and Health. Arsenic, drinking water, and health: a position paper of the American Council on Science and Health. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2002; 36:162-174.
36. Germolec DR, Judson Spalding J, Yu HS, Chen JS, Simeonova PP, Humble PC, Bruccoleri A, Boorman GA, Foley JF, Yoshida T, Luster MI. Arsenic enhancement of skin neoplasia by chronic stimulation of growth factors. Am J Pathol 1998; 153:1175-1785.
37. Rossman TG, Uddin AN, Burns FJ. Evidence that arsenite acts as a co-carcinogen in ski cancer. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2004; 198:394-404.
38. Shirai T, Takahashi S, Cui L, Futakuchi M, Kato K, Tamano S, Imaida K. Experimental prostate carcinogenesis - rodent models. Mutat Res 2000; 462:219-226.
39. Green JE, Greenberg NM, Ashendel CL, Barrett JC, Boone C, Getzenberg RH, Henkin J, Matusik R, Janus TJ, Scher HI. Workgroup 3: transgenic and reconstitution models of prostate cancer. Prostate 1998; 36:59-63.
40. Wanibuchi H, Salim EL, Kinoshita A, Shen J, Wei M, Morimura K, Yoshida K, Kuroda K, Endo G, Fukushima S. Understanding arsenic carcinogenicity by the use of animal models. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2004; 198:366-376.
41. Chen CJ, Kuo TL, Wu MM. Arsenic and cancers. Lancet 1988; 1:414-415.
42. Chen CJ, Chuang YC, Lin TM, Wang CJ. Malignant neoplasms among residents of a blackfoot disease-endemic area in Taiwan: high-arsenic artesian well water and cancers. Cancer Res 1985; 45:5895-5899.
43. Wu MM, Kuo TL, Hwang YH, Chen CJ. Dose-response relation between arsenic concentration in well water and mortality from cancers and vascular diseases. Am J Epidemiol 1989; 130:1123-1132.
44. Chen CJ, Wang CJ. Ecological correlation between arsenic levels in well water and age adjusted mortality from malignant neoplasms. Cancer Res 1990; 50:5470-5474.
45. Tsai SM, Wang TN, Ko YC. Mortality for certain diseases in areas with high levels of arsenic in drinking water. Arch Environ Health 1999; 54:186-193.
46. Lewis DR, Southwick JW, Ouellet-Hellstrom R, Rench J, Calderon RL. Drinking water arsenic in Utah: a cohort mortality study. Environ Health Perspect 1999; 107:359-365.
47. Hinwood AL, Jolley DJ, Sim MR. Cancer incidence and Arsenic-induced prostate cancer high environmental arsenic concentrations in rural populations: results of an ecological study. Int J Environ Heal 1999; R 9:131-141.
48. Szymanska-Chabowska A, Antonowicz-Juchniewicz J, Andrezejak R. Plasma concentration of selected neoplastic markers in persons occupationally exposed to arsenic and heavy metals. Medycyna Pracy 2004; 55:313-320.
49. Pant N, Murthy RC, Srivastava SP. Male reproductive toxicity of sodium arsenite in mice. Hum Exp Toxicol 2004; 23:399-403.
50. Jana K, Jana S, Samanta PK. Effects of chronic exposure to sodium arsenite on hypothalamo-pituitary-testicular activities in adult rats: possible an estrogenic mode of action. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2006; 16:4-9.
51. Kyprianou N, Isaacs JT. Activation of programmed cell death in the rat ventral prostate. Endocrinology 1988; 122:552-562.
52. Webber MM, Bello D, Quader S. Immortalized and tumorigenic adult human prostatic epithelial cell lines: characteristics and applications. Part I. Cell markers and immortalized nontumorigenic cell lines. Prostate 1996; 29:386-394.
53. Webber MM, Bello D, Quader S. Immortalized and tumorigenic adult human prostatic epithelial cell lines: characteristics and applications. Part 2. Tumorigenic cell lines. Prostate 1997; 30:58-64.
54. Gustavsson H, Welén K, Damber JE. Transition of an androgen-dependent human prostate cancer cell line into an androgen-independent subline is associated with increased angiogenesis. Prostate 2005; 62:364-373.
55. Bello D, Webber MM, Kleinman HK, Wartinger DD, Rhim JS. 1997. Androgen responsive adult human prostatic epithelial cell lines immortalized by human papillomavirus 18.Carcinogenesis 18:1215-1223.
56. Achanzar WE, Diwan BA, Liu J, Quader S, Webber MM, Waalkes MP. Cadmium induced malignant transformation of human prostate epithelial cells. Cancer Res 2001; 61:455-458.
57. Webber MM, Waghray A, Bello D, Rhim JS. Proteases and invasion in human prostate epithelial cell lines: implications in prostate cancer prevention and intervention. Radiat Oncol Invest 1996; 3:358-362.
58. Hamdy FC, Fadlon EJ, Cottam D, Lawry J, Thurrell W, Silcocks PB, Anderson JB, Williams JL, Rees RC. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression in primary human prostatic adenocarcinoma and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Br J Cancer 1994; 69:177-182.
59. Loenen WA. S-Adenosylmethionine: jack of all trades and master of everything? Biochem Soc Trans 2006; 34:330-333.
60. Zhao CQ, Young MR, Diwan BA, Coogan TP, Waalkes MP. Association of arsenic induced malignant transformation with DNA hypomethylation and aberrant gene expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1997; 94:10907-10912.
61. Chen H, Li S, Liu J, Diwan BA, Barrett JC, Waalkes MP. Chronic inorganic arsenic exposure induces hepatic global and individual gene hypomethylation: implications for arsenic hepatocarcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis 2004; 25:1779-1786.
62. Waalkes MP, Liu J, Chen H, Xie Y, Achanzar WE, Zhou YS, Cheng ML, Diwan BA. Estrogen signaling in livers of male mice with hepatocellular carcinoma induced by exposure to arsenic in utero. J Natl Cancer Inst 2004; 96:466-474.
63. Stirzaker C, Song JZ, Davidson B, Clark SJ. Transcriptional gene silencing promotes DNA hypermethylation through a sequential change in chromatin modifications in cancer cells. Cancer Res 2004; 64:3871-3877.
64. Counts JL, Goodman JI. Hypomethylation of DNA: a nongenotoxic mechanism involved in tumor promotion. Toxicol Lett 1995; 82-83:663-672.
65. Vorce RL, Goodman JI. Altered methylation of ras oncogenes in benzidine-induced B6C3F1 mouse liver tumors. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1989; 100:310-398.
66. Benbrahim-Tallaa L, Webber MM, Waalkes MP. Acquisition of androgen independence by human prostate epithelial cells during arsenic-induced malignant transformation. Environ Health Perspect 2005; 113:1134-1139.
67. Benbrahim-Tallaa L, Webber MM, Waalkes MP. Mechanisms in acquired androgen independence during arsenic-induced malignant transformation of human prostate epithelial cells. Environ Health Perspect 2007; 115:243-247.
68. Coppin JF, Webber MM, Waalkes MP. Possible interactions between cellular methyl metabolism and adaptive efflux during chronic arsenic exposure in human cells [Abstract]. Toxicol Sci 2007; 96(suppl):303.
69. Lau AT, Li M, Xie R, He QY, Chiu JF. Opposed arsenite-induced signaling pathways promote cell proliferation or apoptosis in cultured lung cells. Carcinogenesis 2004; 25:21-28.
70. Weber MJ, Gioeli D. Ras signaling in prostate cancer progression. J Cell Biochem 2004; 91:13-25.
71. Feldman BJ, Feldman D. The development of androgen-independent prostate cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2001; 1:34-45.
72. Gioeli D. Signal transduction in prostate cancer progression. Clin Sci (Lond) 2005; 108:293-308.
73. Carter BS, Epstein JI, Isaacs WB. Ras gene mutations in human prostate cancer. Cancer Res 1990; 50:6830-6832.
74. McCubrey JA, Steelman LS, Abrams SL, Lee JT, Chang LF, Bertrand FE, Navolanic PM, Terrian DM, Franklin RA, D'Assoro AB, Salisbury JL, Mazzarino MC, Stivala F, Libra M. Roles of the RAF/MEK/ERK and PI3K/ PTEN/AKT pathways in malignant transformation and drug resistance. Adv Enzyme Regul 2006; 46:249-279.
75. Linja MJ, Savinainen KJ, Saramaki OR, Tammela TL, Vessella RL, Visakorpi T. Amplification and overexpression of androgen receptor gene in hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Cancer Res 2001; 61:3550-3555.
76. Culig Z, Klocker H, Bartsch G, Hobisch A. Androgen receptor mutations in carcinoma of the prostate: significance for endocrine therapy. Am J Pharmacogenomics 2001; 1:241-249.
77. Bakin RE, Gioeli D, Sikes RA, Bissonette EA, Weber MJ. Constitutive activation of the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway promotes androgen hypersensitivity in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Cancer Res 2003; 63:1981-1989.
78. Gioeli D, Mandell JW, Petroni GR, Frierson HF Jr, Weber MJ. Activation of mitogen activated protein kinase associated with prostate cancer progression. Cancer Res 1999; 59:279-284.