The microbiology of the acute dental abscess

Journal of Medical Microbiology

Volumn 58, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 155-162

  Robertson, D ^a   Smith, A J ^a  

^a GLASGOW DENTAL HOSPITAL AND SCHOOL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMOXICILLIN; AMOXICILLIN PLUS CLAVULANIC ACID; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; CLINDAMYCIN; ERYTHROMYCIN; LINCOSAMIDE; METRONIDAZOLE; PENICILLIN G;

ABSCESS; ALPHA HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCUS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIUM; ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY; ATOPOBIUM; BACTERIUM CULTURE; BULLEIDIA EXTRUCTA; CATONELLA MORBI; CRYPTOBACTERIUM CURTUM; DEEP NECK ABSCESS; DIALISTER PNEUMOSINTES; DRUG CHOICE; FILIFACTOR ALOCIS; FUSOBACTERIUM; GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIUM; GRANULICATELLA ADIACENS; HOSPITAL ADMISSION; HUMAN; MEDIASTINITIS; MEDIASTINUM ABSCESS; MICROBIAL DIVERSITY; MICROBIOLOGY; MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION; MOGIBACTERIUM TIMIDUM; MOLECULAR BIOLOGY; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; PENICILLIN RESISTANCE; PREVOTELLA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SELENOMONAS SPUTIGENA; SEPSIS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS; STREPTOCOCCUS ANGINOSUS; TOOTH ABSCESS; TREPONEMA;

ABSCESS; BACTERIA, ANAEROBIC; BACTERIAL INFECTIONS; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA; HUMANS; STOMATOGNATHIC DISEASES;

EID: 59949105346     PISSN: 00222615     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.003517-0     Document Type: Review

References (96)

1. Adriaenssen, C. F. (1998). Comparison of the efficacy, safety and tolerability of azithromycin and co-amoxiclav in the treatment of acute periapical abscesses. J Int Med Res 26, 257-265.
2. Baumgartner, J. C. & Xia, T. (2003). Antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria associated with endodontic abscesses. J Endod 29, 44-7.
3. Baumgartner, J. C., Khemaleelakul, S. U. & Xia, T. (2003). Identification of spirochetes (treponemes) in endodontic infections. J Endod 29, 794-797.
4. Baumgartner, J. C., Siqueira, J. F., Jr, Xia, T. & Rocas, I. N. (2004). Geographical differences in bacteria detected in endodontic infections using polymerase chain reaction. J Endod 30, 141-144.
5. Boykin, M. J., Gilbert, G. H., Tilashalski, K. R. & Shelton, B. J. (2003). Incidence of endodontic treatment: a 48-month prospective study. J Endod 29, 806-809.
6. Brook, I. (1987). Microbiology of retropharyngeal abscesses in children. Am J Dis Child 141, 202-204.
7. Brook, I., Frazier, E. H. & Gher, M. E. (1991). Aerobic and anaerobic microbiology of periapical abscess. Oral Microbiol Immunol 6, 123-125.
8. Cavrini, F., Pirani, C., Foschi, F., Montebugnoli, L., Sambri, V. & Prati, C. (2008). Detection of Treponema denticola in root canal systems in primary and secondary endodontic infections. A correlation with clinical symptoms. New Microbiol 31,67-73.
9. Chan, E. C. & McLaughlin, R. (2000). Taxonomy and virulence of oral spirochetes. Oral Microbiol Immunol 15, 1-9.
10. Chavez De Paz, L. E. (2007). Redefining the persistent infection in root canals: possible role of biofilm communities. J Endod 33, 652-662.
11. Chavez de Paz Villanueva, L. E. (2002). Fusobacterium nucleatum in endodontic flare-ups. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 93, 179-183.
12. Clarke, J. H. (1999). Toothaches and death. J Hist Dent 47, 11-13.
13. Corsten, M. J., Shamji, F. M., Odell, P. F., Frederico, J. A., Laframboise, G. G., Reid, K. R., Vallieres, E. & Matzinger, F. (1997). Optimal treatment of descending necrotising mediastinitis. Thorax 52, 702-708.
14. Coticchia, J. M., Getnick, G. S., Yun, R. D. & Arnold, J. E. (2004). Age-, site-, and time-specific differences in pediatric deep neck abscesses. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 130, 201-207.
15. Coulthard, M. & Isaacs, D. (1991). Retropharyngeal abscess. Arch Dis Child 66, 1227-1230.
16. Davis, W. M., Jr & Balcom, J. H., III (1969). Lincomycin studies of drug absorption and efficacy. An evaluation by double-blind technique in treatment of odontogenic infections. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 27, 688-696.
17. Dodson, T. B., Perrott, D. H. & Kaban, L. B. (1989). Pediatric maxillofacial infections: a retrospective study of 113 patients. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 47, 327-330.
18. Dymock, D., Weightman, A. J., Scully, C. & Wade, W. G. (1996). Molecular analysis of microflora associated with dentoalveolar abscesses. J Clin Microbiol 34, 537-542.
19. Dzink, J. L., Sheenan, M. T. & Socransky, S. S. (1990). Proposal of three subspecies of Fusobacterium nucleatum Knorr 1922: Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum subsp. nov., comb. nov.; Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. polymorphum subsp. nov., nom. rev., comb. nov.; and Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. vincentii subsp. nov., nom. rev., comb. nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol 40, 74-78.
20. Facklam, R. (2002). What happened to the streptococci? Overview of taxonomic and nomenclature changes. Clin Microbiol Rev 15, 613-630.
21. Fazakerley, M. W., McGowan, P., Hardy, P. & Martin, M. V. (1993). A comparative study of cephradine, amoxycillin and phenoxymethyl- penicillin in the treatment of acute dentoalveolar infection. Br Dent J 174, 359-363.
22. Flynn, T. R., Shanti, R. M. & Hayes, C. (2006). Severe odontogenic infections, part 2: prospective outcomes study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 64, 1104-1113.
23. Fouad, A. F., Rivera, E. M. & Walton, R. E. (1996). Penicillin as a supplement in resolving the localized acute apical abscess. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 81, 590-595.
24. Gill, Y. & Scully, C. (1990). Orofacial odontogenic infections: review of microbiology and current treatment. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 70, 155-158.
25. Gilmore, W. C., Jacobus, N. V., Gorbach, S. L., Doku, H. C. & Tally, F. P. (1988). A prospective double-blind evaluation of penicillin versus clindamycin in the treatment of odontogenic infections. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 46, 1065-1070.
26. Gomes, B. P., Jacinto, R. C., Pinheiro, E. T., Sousa, E. L., Zaia, A. A., Ferraz, C. C. & Souza-Filho, F. J. (2006). Molecular analysis of Filifactor alocis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola associated with primary endodontic infections and failed endodontic treatment. J Endod 32, 937-940.
27. Gorbach, S. L., Gilmore, W. C., Jacobus, N. V., Doku, H. C. & Tally, F. P. (1991). Microbiology and antibiotic resistance in odontogenic infections. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Suppl 154, 40-42.
28. Goumas, P. D., Naxakis, S. S., Papavasiliou, D. A., Moschovakis, E. D., Tsintsos, S. J. & Skoutelis, A. (1997). Periapical abscesses: causal bacteria and antibiotic sensitivity. J Chemother 9, 415-419.
29. Graham, D. B., Webb, M. D. & Seale, N. S. (2000). Pediatric emergency room visits for nontraumatic dental disease. Pediatr Dent 22, 134-140.
30. Han, J. K. & Kerschner, J. E. (2001). Streptococcus milleri: an organism for head and neck infections and abscess. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 127, 650-654.
31. Hanna, C. B., Jr (1991). Cefadroxil in the management of facial cellulitis of odontogenic origin. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 71, 496-498.
32. Heimdahl, A., von Konow, L., Satoh, T. & Nord, C. E. (1985). Clinical appearance of orofacial infections of odontogenic origin in relation to microbiological findings. J Clin Microbiol 22, 299-302.
33. Information & Statistics Division (2007). NHS National Services Scotland. Reference ISD/HIG/IR2005-01474. Edinburgh, UK.
34. Jacinto, R. C., Gomes, B. P., Shah, H. N., Ferraz, C. C., Zaia, A. A. & Souza-Filho, F. J. (2006). Incidence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Porphyromonas gingivalis isolated from mixed endodontic infections. Int Endod J 39, 62-70.
35. Jimenez, Y., Bagan, J. V., Murillo, J. & Poveda, R. (2004). Odontogenic infections. Complications. Systemic manifestations. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 9 (Suppl.), 143-147.
36. Khemaleelakul, S., Baumgartner, J. C. & Pruksakorn, S. (2002). Identification of bacteria in acute endodontic infections and their antimicrobial susceptibility. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 94, 746-755.
37. Kolokotronis, A. (1999). Beta-lactamases producing anaerobic bacteria in dentoalveolar abscesses. J Oral Sci 41, 187-190.
38. Kulekci, G., Inanc, D., Kocak, H., Kasapoglu, C. & Gumru, O. Z. (1996). Bacteriology of dentoalveolar abscesses in patients who have received empirical antibiotic therapy. Clin Infect Dis 23 (Suppl. 1), S51-S53.
39. Kuriyama, T., Karasawa, T., Nakagawa, K., Saiki, Y., Yamamoto, E. & Nakamura, S. (2000a). Bacteriologic features and antimicrobial susceptibility in isolates from orofacial odontogenic infections. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 90, 600-608.
40. Kuriyama, T., Nakagawa, K., Karasawa, T., Saiki, Y., Yamamoto, E. & Nakamura, S. (2000b). Past administration of beta-lactam antibiotics and increase in the emergence of beta-lactamase-producing bacteria in patients with orofacial odontogenic infections. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 89, 186-192.
41. Kuriyama, T., Karasawa, T., Nakagawa, K., Yamamoto, E. & Nakamura, S. (2001). Incidence of beta-lactamase production and antimicrobial susceptibility of anaerobic gram-negative rods isolated from pus specimens of orofacial odontogenic infections. Oral Microbiol Immunol 16, 10-15.
42. Kuriyama, T., Karasawa, T., Nakagawa, K., Nakamura, S. & Yamamoto, E. (2002a). Antimicrobial susceptibility of major pathogens of orofacial odontogenic infections to 11 beta-lactam antibiotics. Oral Microbiol Immunol 17, 285-289.
43. Kuriyama, T., Karasawa, T., Nakagawa, K., Yamamoto, E. & Nakamura, S. (2002b). Bacteriology and antimicrobial susceptibility of gram-positive cocci isolated from pus specimens of orofacial odontogenic infections. Oral Microbiol Immunol 17, 132-135.
44. Kuriyama, T., Absi, E. G., Williams, D. W. & Lewis, M. A. (2005). An outcome audit of the treatment of acute dentoalveolar infection: impact of penicillin resistance. Br Dent J 198, 759-763.
45. Kuriyama, T., Karasawa, T., Williams, D. W., Nakagawa, K. & Yamamoto, E. (2006). An increased prevalence of beta- lactamase- positive isolates in Japanese patients with dentoalveolar infection. J Antimicrob Chemother 58, 708-709.
46. Lewis, M. A., McGowan, D. A. & MacFarlane, T. W. (1986). Short- course high-dosage amoxycillin in the treatment of acute dento- alveolar abscess. Br Dent J 161, 299-302.
47. Lewis, M. A., MacFarlane, T. W. & McGowan, D. A. (1989). Antibiotic susceptibilities of bacteria isolated from acute dentoalveolar abscesses. J Antimicrob Chemother 23, 69-77.
48. Lewis, M. A., MacFarlane, T. W. & McGowan, D. A. (1990). A microbiological and clinical review of the acute dentoalveolar abscess. Br JOral Maxillofac Surg28, 359-366.
49. Lewis, M. A., Carmichael, F., MacFarlane, T. W. & Milligan, S. G. (1993). A randomised trial of co-amoxiclav (Augmentin) versus penicillin V in the treatment of acute dentoalveolar abscess. Br Dent J 175, 169-174.
50. Lewis, M. A. O., Parkhurst, C. L., Douglas, C. W. I., Martin, M. V., Absi, E. G., Bishop, P. A. & Jones, S. A. (1995). Prevalence of penicillin- resistant bacteria in acute suppurative oral infection. J Antimicrob Chemother 35, 785-791.
51. Mangundjaja, S. & Hardjawinata, K. (1990). Clindamycin versus ampicillin in the treatment of odontogenic infections. Clin Ther 12, 242-249.
52. Marty-Ane, C. H., Berthet, J. P., Alric, P., Pegis, J. D., Rouviere, P. & Mary, H. (1999). Management of descending necrotizing mediastini- tis: an aggressive treatment for an aggressive disease. Ann Thorac Surg 68, 212-217.
53. Mihos, P., Potaris, K., Gakidis, I., Papadakis, D. & Rallis, G. (2004). Management of descending necrotizing mediastinitis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 62, 966-972.
54. Nair, P. N. (2004). Pathogenesis of apical periodontitis and the causes of endodontic failures. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 15, 348-381.
55. Palmer, N. O. A., Martin, M. V., Pealing, R. V. & Ireland, R. S. (2000). An analysis of antibiotic prescriptions from general dental practice in England. J Antimicrob Chemother 46, 1033-1035.
56. Paterson, S. A. & Curzon, M. E. (1993). The effect of amoxycillin versus penicillin V in the treatment of acutely abscessed primary teeth. Br Dent J 174, 443-449.
57. Reader, C. M., Boniface, M. & Bujanda-Wagner, S. (1994). Refractory endodontic lesion associated with Staphylococci aureus. J Endod 20, 607-609.
58. Riggio, M. P., Aga, H., Murray, C. A., Jackson, M. S., Lennon, A., Hammersley, N. & Bagg, J. (2006). Identification of bacteria associated with spreading odontogenic infections by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 103, 610-617.
59. Rocas, I. N. & Siqueira, J. F., Jr (2005). Detection of novel oral species and phylotypes in symptomatic endodontic infections including abscesses. FEMS Microbiol Lett 250, 279-285.
60. Roche, Y. & Yoshimori, R. N. (1997). In-vitro activity of spiramycin and metronidazole alone or in combination against clinical isolates from odontogenic abscesses. J Antimicrob Chemother 40, 353-357.
61. Sakamoto, H., Kato, H., Sato, T. & Sasaki, J. (1998). Semiquantitative bacteriology of closed odontogenic abscesses. Bull Tokyo Dent Coll 39, 103-107.
62. Sakamoto, M., Rocas, I. N., Siqueira, J. F., Jr & Benno, Y. (2006). Molecular analysis of bacteria in asymptomatic and symptomatic endodontic infections. Oral Microbiol Immunol 21, 112-122.
63. Sancho, L. M. M., Minamoto, H., Fernandez, A., Sennes, L. U. & Jatene, F. B. (1999). Descending necrotizing mediastinitis: a retrospective surgical experience. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg16, 200-205.
64. Sassone, L. M., Fidel, R. A., Faveri, M., Guerra, R., Figueiredo, L., Fidel, S. R. & Feres, M. (2008). A microbiological profile of symptomatic teeth with primary endodontic infections. J Endod 34, 541-545.
65. Schuen, N. J., Panzer, J. D. & Atkinson, W. H. (1974). A comparison of clindamycin and penicillin V in the treatment of oral infections. J Oral Surg 32, 503-505.
66. Schuman, N. J. & Turner, J. E. (1999). The clinical significance of beta hemolytic streptococci of the milleri group in oral abscesses. J Clin Pediatr Dent 23, 137-142.
67. Siqueira, J. F., Jr & Rocas, I. N. (2003a). Detection of Filifactor alocis in endodontic infections associated with different forms of periradi- cular diseases. Oral Microbiol Immunol 18, 263-265.
68. Siqueira, J. F., Jr & Rocas, I. N. (2003b). Positive and negative bacterial associations involving Dialister pneumosintes in primary endodontic infections. J Endod 29, 438-441.
69. Siqueira, J. F., Jr & Rocas, I. N. (2003c). Pseudoramibacter alactolyticus in primary endodontic infections. J Endod 29, 735-738.
70. Siqueira, J. F., Jr & Rocas, I. N. (2004a). Nested PCR detection of Centipeda periodontii in primary endodontic infections. J Endod 30, 135-137.
71. Siqueira, J. F., Jr & Rocas, I. N. (2004b). Simultaneous detection of Dialister pneumosintes and Filifactor alocis in endodontic infections by 16S rDNA- directed multiplex PCR. J Endod 30, 851-854.
72. Siqueira, J. F., Jr & Rocas, I. N. (2004c). Treponema species associated with abscesses of endodontic origin. Oral Microbiol Immunol 19, 336-339.
73. Siqueira, J. F., Jr & Rocas, I. N. (2005). Uncultivated phylotypes and newly named species associated with primary and persistent endodontic infections. J Clin Microbiol 43, 3314-3319.
74. Siqueira, J. F., Jr & Rocas, I. N. (2006). Catonella morbi and Granulicatella adiacens: new species in endodontic infections. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 102, 259-264.
75. Siqueira, J. F., Jr, Rocas, I. N., Oliveira, J. C. & Santos, K. R. (2001a). Detection of putative oral pathogens in acute periradicular abscesses by 16S rDNA- directed polymerase chain reaction. J Endod 27, 164-167.
76. Siqueira, J. F., Jr, Rocas, I. N., Oliveira, J. C. & Santos, K. R. (2001b). Molecular detection of black-pigmented bacteria in infections of endodontic origin. J Endod 27, 563-566.
77. Siqueira, J. F., Jr, Rocas, I. N., Favieri, A., Oliveira, J. C. & Santos, K. R. (2001c). Polymerase chain reaction detection of Treponema denticola in endodontic infections within root canals. Int Endod J 34, 280-284.
78. Siqueira, J. F., Jr, Rocas, I. N., Souto, R., Uzeda, M. & Colombo, A. P. (2001d). Microbiological evaluation of acute periradicular abscesses by DNA- DNA hybridization. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 92, 451-457.
79. Siqueira, J. F., Rocas, I. N., De Uzeda, M., Colombo, A. P. & Santos, K. R. (2002a). Comparison of 16S rDNA-based PCR and checkerboard DNA- DNA hybridisation for detection of selected endodontic pathogens. J Med Microbiol 51, 1090-1096.
80. Siqueira, J. F., Jr, Rocas, I. N., Souto, R., De Uzeda, M. & Colombo, A. P. (2002b). Actinomyces species, streptococci, and Enterococcus faecalis in primary root canal infections. J Endod 28, 168-172.
81. Siqueira, J. F., Jr, Rocas, I. N., Andrade, A. F. & De Uzeda, M. (2003). Peptostreptococcus micros in primary endodontic infections as detected by 16S rDNA- based polymerase chain reaction. JEndod 29, 111-113.
82. Siqueira, J. F., Jr, Jung, I. Y., Rocas, I. N. & Lee, C. Y. (2005). Differences in prevalence of selected bacterial species in primary endodontic infections from two distinct geographic locations. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 99, 641-647.
83. Smith, A. J. & Jackson, M. S. (2003). Susceptibility of viridans group streptococci isolated from dento- alveolar infections to eight antimicrobial agents. J Antimicrob Chemother 52, 1045-1046.
84. Smith, A. J., Jackson, M. S. & Bagg, J. (2001). The ecology of Staphylococcus species in the oral cavity. JMed Microbiol 50, 940-946.
85. Storoe, W., Haug, R. H. & Lillich, T. T. (2001). The changing face of odontogenic infections. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 59, 739-748.
86. Sundqvist, G., Johansson, E. & Sjögren, U. (1989). Prevalence of black- pigmented bacteroides species in root canal infections. JEndod 15, 13-19.
87. Tan, P. T., Chang, L. Y., Huang, Y. C., Chiu, C. H., Wang, C. R. & Lin, T. Y. (2001). Deep neck infections in children. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 34, 287-292.
88. Thomas, S. J., Atkinson, C., Hughes, C., Revington, P. & Ness, A. R. (2008). Is there an epidemic of admissions for surgical treatment of dental abscesses in the UK? BMJ 336, 1219-1220.
89. Tung-Yiu, W., Jehn-Shyun, H., Ching-Hung, C. & Hung-An, C. (2000). Cervical necrotizing fasciitis of odontogenic origin: a report of 11 cases. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 58, 1347-1352.
90. Turner Thomas, T. (1908). Ludwig's angina. An anatomical, clinical, and statistical study. Ann Surg 47, 161-163.
91. Valle, G., Quirós, L. M., Andres, M. T. & Fierro, J. F. (1998). A β-lactamase belonging to group 2e from oral clinical isolates of Prevotella intermedia. FEMS Microbiol Lett 158, 191-194.
92. Van Reenan, J. F. & Coogan, M. M. (1970). Clostridia isolated from human mouths. Arch Oral Biol 15, 845-848.
93. von Konow, L., Kondell, P. A., Nord, C. E. & Heimdahl, A. (1992). Clindamycin versus phenoxymethylpenicillin in the treatment of acute orofacial infections. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 11, 1129-1135.
94. Wade, W. G., Lewis, M. A., Cheeseman, S. L., Absi, E. G. & Bishop, P. A. (1994). An unclassified Eubacterium taxon in acute dento- alveolar abscess. J Med Microbiol 40, 115-117.
95. Wang, L. F., Kuo, W. R., Tsai, S. M. & Huang, K. J. (2003). Characterizations of life-threatening deep cervical space infections: a review of one hundred ninety-six cases. Am J Otolaryngol 24, 111-117.
96. Wang, J., Ahani, A. & Pogrel, M. A. (2005). A five-year retrospective study of odontogenic maxillofacial infections in a large urban public hospital. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 34, 646-649.