Comparison of pharmacokinetics of L-carnitine, Acetyl- L-carnitine and Propionyl-Lcarnitine after single oral administration of L-carnitine in healthy volunteers

Clinical and Investigative Medicine

Volumn 32, Issue 1, 2009, Pages

  Cao, Yu ^a   Wang, Yun Xiao ^a   Liu, Cheng Juan ^a   Wang, Le Xin ^b   Han, Zhi Wu ^a   Wang, Chun Bo ^a  

^a QINGDAO UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b CHARLES STURT UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARNITINE; LEVACECARNINE; PROPIONYLCARNITINE;

AREA UNDER THE CURVE; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG ABSORPTION; DRUG BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG HALF LIFE; DRUG URINE LEVEL; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; MAXIMUM PLASMA CONCENTRATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SINGLE DRUG DOSE; URINARY EXCRETION;

ACETYLCARNITINE; ADMINISTRATION, ORAL; ADULT; AREA UNDER CURVE; CARNITINE; CHROMATOGRAPHY, HIGH PRESSURE LIQUID; FEMALE; HALF-LIFE; HUMANS; MALE; REFERENCE VALUES;

EID: 59649125048     PISSN: 0147958X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (21)

1. Vaz FM, Wanders RJ. Carnitine biosynthesis in mammals. Biochem J 2002; 361:417-29.
2. Rebouche CJ, Paulson DJ. Carnitine metabolism and function in humans. Annu Rev Nutr 1986; 6:41-66.
3. Bremer J. Carnitine-metabolism and functions. Physiol Rev 1983; 63:1420-80.
4. Bieber LL, Emaus R, Valkner K, et al. Possible functions of short-chain and medium-chain carnitine acyltransferases. Fed Proc 1982; 41:2858-62.
5. Bremer J. The role of carnitine in cell metabolism. In: De Simone C, Famularo G, editors. Carnitine today. Austin:Landes Bioscience,1997, pp1-37.
6. Peluso G, Barbarisi A, Savica V, et al. Carnitine: an osmolyte that plays a metabolic role. J Cell Biochem 2000; 80:1-10.
7. Sole MJ, Jeejeebhoy KN. Conditioned nutritional requirements and the pathogenesis and treatment of myocardial failure. Curr Opin Clin Nutr 2000; 3:417-24.
8. Xue YZ, Wang LX, Liu HZ, et al. L-carnitine as an adjunct therapy to percutaneous coronary intervention for non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. Cardiovasc Drug Ther 2007; 21:445-8.
9. Horl WH. Adjunctive therapy in anaemia management. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2002; 17 Suppl 5:56-9.
10. Montgomery SA, Thal LJ, Amrein R. Meta-analysis of double blind randomized controlled clinical trials acetyl-l-carnitine versus placebo in the treatment of mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer's disease. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2003; 18:61-71.
11. Wiseman LR, Brogden RN. Propionyl-L-carnitine. Drugs Aging 1998; 12:243-8.
12. Evans AM, Fornasini G. Pharmacokinetics of L-carnitine. Clin Pharmacokinet 2003; 42:941-67.
13. Vernez L, Dickenmann M, Steiger J, et al. Effect of L-carnitine on the kinetics of carnitine, acylcarnitines and butyrobetaine in long-term haemodialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2006; 21:450-8.
14. Angelini C, Vergani L, Martinuzzi A. Clinical and biochemical aspects of carnitine deficiency and insufficiency: transport defects and inborn errors of β-oxidation. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 1992; 29:217-42.
15. Matsuda K, Yuasa H, Watanabe J. Fractional absorption of L-carnitine after oral administration in rats: evaluation of absorption site and dose dependency. Biol Pharm Bull 1998; 21:752-5.
16. Gross CJ, Henderson LM. Absorption of D- and L-carnitine by the intestine and kidney tubule in the rat. Biochim Biophys Acta 1984; 772:209-19.
17. Gudjonsson H, Li BU, Shug AL, et al. In vivo studies of intestinal carnitine absorption in rats. Gastroenterology 1985; 88:1880-7.
18. McCloud E, Ma TY, Grant KE, et al. Uptake of L-carnitine by human intestinal epithelial cell line, Caco 2. Gastroenterology 1996; 111:1534-40.
19. Sahajwalla CG, Helton ED, Purich ED, et al. Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of L-carnitine 330mg tablet versus 1g chewable tablet versus enteral solution in healthy adult male volunteers. J Pharm Sci 1995; 84:627-33.
20. Pace S, Longo A, Toon S, et al. Pharmacokinetics of propionyl-L-carnitine in humans: evidence for saturable tubular reabsorption. British J Clin Pharmacol 2000; 50:441-8.
21. Rebouche CJ. Quantitative estimation of absorption and degradation of a carnitine supplement by human adults. Metabolism 1991; 40:1305-10.