메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 18, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 61-71

Meta-analysis of double blind randomized controlled clinical trials of acetyl-L-carnitine versus placebo in the treatment of mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer's disease

Author keywords

Acetyl L carnitine; Alcar; Alzheimer's disease; Cognitive impairment; Dementia; Meta analysis; Placebo controlled

Indexed keywords

LEVACECARNINE;

EID: 0037347231     PISSN: 02681315     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00004850-200303000-00001     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (174)

References (77)
  • 2
    • 0347758870 scopus 로고
    • Studio policentrico acetil-L-carnitina nei confronti di placebo in pazienti geriatrici. Risultati preliminari
    • Philadelphia
    • Agnoli A (1985) Studio policentrico acetil-L-carnitina nei confronti di placebo in pazienti geriatrici. Risultati preliminari. In Abstracts of the IVth World Congress of Biological Psychiatry, 8-13 September 1985 Philadelphia, pp. 235.
    • (1985) Abstracts of the IVth World Congress of Biological Psychiatry, 8-13 September 1985 , pp. 235
    • Agnoli, A.1
  • 3
    • 0025026205 scopus 로고
    • Aging brain: Effect of acetyl-L-carnitine treatment on rat brain energy and phospholipid metabolism. A study by 31P and 1H NMR spectroscopy
    • Aureli T, Miccheli A, Ricciolini R, Di Cocco ME, Ramacci MT, Angelucci L, Ghirardi O, Conti F (1990). Aging brain: Effect of acetyl-L-carnitine treatment on rat brain energy and phospholipid metabolism. A study by 31P and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Brain Res 526: 108-112.
    • (1990) Brain Res , vol.526 , pp. 108-112
    • Aureli, T.1    Miccheli, A.2    Ricciolini, R.3    Di Cocco, M.E.4    Ramacci, M.T.5    Angelucci, L.6    Ghirardi, O.7    Conti, F.8
  • 5
    • 0012504864 scopus 로고
    • L-acetylcarnitine in Alzheimers disease and senile dementia Alzheimer type
    • Agnioli A, Cahn J, Lassen N, Mayeux R (editors). Paris: J. Libbey
    • Bassi S, Ferrarese C, Finoia M (1988.) L-acetylcarnitine in Alzheimers disease and senile dementia Alzheimer type. In: Agnioli A, Cahn J, Lassen N, Mayeux R (editors): Senile dementia. Paris: J. Libbey; pp. 461-466.
    • (1988) Senile Dementia , pp. 461-466
    • Bassi, S.1    Ferrarese, C.2    Finoia, M.3
  • 10
    • 0027468235 scopus 로고
    • Neuropathological indexes of Alzheimer's disease in demented and nondemented persons aged 80 years and older
    • Berg L, McKeel DW, Miller JP, Baty J, Morris JC (1993). Neuropathological indexes of Alzheimer's disease in demented and nondemented persons aged 80 years and older. Arch Neurol 4: 349-358.
    • (1993) Arch Neurol , vol.4 , pp. 349-358
    • Berg, L.1    McKeel, D.W.2    Miller, J.P.3    Baty, J.4    Morris, J.C.5
  • 11
    • 0347758869 scopus 로고
    • Attività della L-acetil carnitina nel deterioramento mentale
    • Bertolino A, Papagno G (1983). Attività della L-acetil carnitina nel deterioramento mentale. Clin Europ 2: 384-395.
    • (1983) Clin Europ , vol.2 , pp. 384-395
    • Bertolino, A.1    Papagno, G.2
  • 13
    • 0029621001 scopus 로고
    • Factors determining interrater agreement with rating global change in dementia: The CIBIC-plus
    • Boothby H, Mann AH, Barker A (1995). Factors determining interrater agreement with rating global change in dementia: The CIBIC-plus. Int J Geriat Psychiatry 10: 1037-1045.
    • (1995) Int J Geriat Psychiatry , vol.10 , pp. 1037-1045
    • Boothby, H.1    Mann, A.H.2    Barker, A.3
  • 15
    • 0030858820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The clock drawing test for dementia of the Alzheimer's type: A comparison of three scoring methods in a memory disorders clinic
    • Brodaty H, Moore CM (1997). The clock drawing test for dementia of the Alzheimer's type: A comparison of three scoring methods in a memory disorders clinic. Int J Geriat Psychiatry 12: 619-627.
    • (1997) Int J Geriat Psychiatry , vol.12 , pp. 619-627
    • Brodaty, H.1    Moore, C.M.2
  • 16
    • 0031734016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dementia screening in routine clinical practice. A comparative analysis of MMSE, SIDAM and ADAS
    • Burkart M, Heun R, Maier W, Benkert O (1998), [Dementia screening in routine clinical practice. A comparative analysis of MMSE, SIDAM and ADAS]. Nervenarzt 69: 983-990.
    • (1998) Nervenarzt , vol.69 , pp. 983-990
    • Burkart, M.1    Heun, R.2    Maier, W.3    Benkert, O.4
  • 19
    • 0034231176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The reliability and validity of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog) among the elderly Chinese in Hong Kong
    • Chu LW, Chiu KC, Hui SL, Yu GK, Tsui WJ, Lee PW (2000). The reliability and validity of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog) among the elderly Chinese in Hong Kong. Ann Acad Med Singapore 29: 474-485.
    • (2000) Ann Acad Med Singapore , vol.29 , pp. 474-485
    • Chu, L.W.1    Chiu, K.C.2    Hui, S.L.3    Yu, G.K.4    Tsui, W.J.5    Lee, P.W.6
  • 20
    • 0024149141 scopus 로고
    • Multicenter clinical placebo-controlled study with acetyl-L-carnitine (LAC) in the treatment of mildly demented elderly patients
    • Cucinotta D, Passeri M, Ventura S, Ianuccelli M, Senin U, Bonati PA, Parnetti L (1988). Multicenter clinical placebo-controlled study with acetyl-L-carnitine (LAC) in the treatment of mildly demented elderly patients. Drug Devel Res 14: 213-216.
    • (1988) Drug Devel Res , vol.14 , pp. 213-216
    • Cucinotta, D.1    Passeri, M.2    Ventura, S.3    Ianuccelli, M.4    Senin, U.5    Bonati, P.A.6    Parnetti, L.7
  • 21
    • 0034524886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review of outcome measurement instruments in Alzheimer's disease drug trials: Psychometric properties of functional and quality of life scales
    • Demers L, Oremus M, Perrault A, Champoux N, Wolfson C (2000). Review of outcome measurement instruments in Alzheimer's disease drug trials: Psychometric properties of functional and quality of life scales. J Geriat Psychiatry Neurol 13: 170-180.
    • (2000) J Geriat Psychiatry Neurol , vol.13 , pp. 170-180
    • Demers, L.1    Oremus, M.2    Perrault, A.3    Champoux, N.4    Wolfson, C.5
  • 22
    • 0030922816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test
    • Egger M, Davey SmithG, Schneider M, Minder C (1997). Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. Br Med J 315: 629-634.
    • (1997) Br Med J , vol.315 , pp. 629-634
    • Egger, M.1    Davey Smith, G.2    Schneider, M.3    Minder, C.4
  • 23
    • 0028030531 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive deficits in ischemic strokes: Psychometric, electrophysiological and cranial tomographic assessment
    • Elwan O, Hashem S, Helmy AA, El Tamawy M, Naseer MA, Elwan F, et al. (1994). Cognitive deficits in ischemic strokes: Psychometric, electrophysiological and cranial tomographic assessment. J Neurol Sci 125: 168-174.
    • (1994) J Neurol Sci , vol.125 , pp. 168-174
    • Elwan, O.1    Hashem, S.2    Helmy, A.A.3    El Tamawy, M.4    Naseer, M.A.5    Elwan, F.6
  • 25
    • 0023747172 scopus 로고
    • Systemic acetyl-L-carnitine elevates nigral levels of glutathione and GABA
    • Fariello RG, Ferraro TN, Golden GT, DeMattei M (1988). Systemic acetyl-L-carnitine elevates nigral levels of glutathione and GABA. Life Sci 43: 289-292.
    • (1988) Life Sci , vol.43 , pp. 289-292
    • Fariello, R.G.1    Ferraro, T.N.2    Golden, G.T.3    DeMattei, M.4
  • 26
    • 0016823810 scopus 로고
    • 'Mini mental state'. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician
    • Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR (1975). 'Mini mental state'. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiat Res 12: 189-198.
    • (1975) J Psychiat Res , vol.12 , pp. 189-198
    • Folstein, M.F.1    Folstein, S.E.2    McHugh, P.R.3
  • 29
    • 0029936491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mini mental state examination: Influence of sociodemographic, environmental and behavioural factors and vascular risk factors
    • Freidl W, Schmidt R, Stronegger WJ, Irmler A, Reinhart B, Koch M (1996). Mini mental state examination: influence of sociodemographic, environmental and behavioural factors and vascular risk factors. J Clin Epidemiol 49: 73-78.
    • (1996) J Clin Epidemiol , vol.49 , pp. 73-78
    • Freidl, W.1    Schmidt, R.2    Stronegger, W.J.3    Irmler, A.4    Reinhart, B.5    Koch, M.6
  • 31
    • 0002100348 scopus 로고
    • Primary, secondary and meta-analysis of research
    • Glass GV (1976). Primary, secondary and meta-analysis of research. Rev Educat Res 5: 3-9.
    • (1976) Rev Educat Res , vol.5 , pp. 3-9
    • Glass, G.V.1
  • 34
    • 0025001584 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacoelectroencephalographic and clinical effects of the cholinergic substance acetyl-l-carnitine in patients with organic brain-syndrome
    • Herrmann WM, Dietrich B, Hiersemenzel R (1990). Pharmacoelectroencephalographic and Clinical Effects of the Cholinergic Substance Acetyl-L-Carnitine in Patients with Organic Brain-Syndrome. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res 10: 81-84.
    • (1990) Int J Clin Pharmacol Res , vol.10 , pp. 81-84
    • Herrmann, W.M.1    Dietrich, B.2    Hiersemenzel, R.3
  • 35
    • 0032735883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychometric tests in cross sectional and longitudinal studies - A regression analysis of ADAS - Cog, SKT and MMSE
    • Ihl R, Grass-Kapanke B, Janner M, Weyer G (1999). Neuropsychometric tests in cross sectional and longitudinal studies - a regression analysis of ADAS - cog, SKT and MMSE. Pharmacopsychiatry 32: 248-254.
    • (1999) Pharmacopsychiatry , vol.32 , pp. 248-254
    • Ihl, R.1    Grass-Kapanke, B.2    Janner, M.3    Weyer, G.4
  • 36
    • 0027090348 scopus 로고
    • Misclassification of dementia by the Mini-Mental State Examination - Are education and social class the only factors?
    • Jagger C, Clarke M, Anderson J, Battcock T (1992). Misclassification of dementia by the Mini-Mental State Examination - Are education and social class the only factors? Age Ageing 21: 404-411.
    • (1992) Age Ageing , vol.21 , pp. 404-411
    • Jagger, C.1    Clarke, M.2    Anderson, J.3    Battcock, T.4
  • 38
    • 0026048763 scopus 로고
    • Activity of L-carnitine and L-acetylcarnitine on cholinoceptive neocortical neurons of the rat in vivo
    • Janiri L, Falcon M, Persico A, Tempesta E (1991). Activity of L-carnitine and L-acetylcarnitine on cholinoceptive neocortical neurons of the rat in vivo. J Neural Transmission General Sect 86: 135-146.
    • (1991) J Neural Transmission General Sect , vol.86 , pp. 135-146
    • Janiri, L.1    Falcon, M.2    Persico, A.3    Tempesta, E.4
  • 39
    • 0035184394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Education bias in the mini-mental state examination
    • Jones RN, Gallo JJ (2001). Education bias in the mini-mental state examination. Int Psychogeriatrics 13: 299-310.
    • (2001) Int Psychogeriatrics , vol.13 , pp. 299-310
    • Jones, R.N.1    Gallo, J.J.2
  • 40
    • 0028909357 scopus 로고
    • Validity and utility of the ADAS-L for measurement of cognitive and functional impairment in geriatric schizophrenic inpatients
    • Kincaid MM, Harvey PD, Parrella M, White L, Putnam KM, Powchik P, et al. (1995). Validity and utility of the ADAS-L for measurement of cognitive and functional impairment in geriatric schizophrenic inpatients. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 7: 76-81.
    • (1995) J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci , vol.7 , pp. 76-81
    • Kincaid, M.M.1    Harvey, P.D.2    Parrella, M.3    White, L.4    Putnam, K.M.5    Powchik, P.6
  • 41
    • 0027367816 scopus 로고
    • Are age and education independent correlates of the Mini-Mental State Exam performance of community-dwelling elderly?
    • Launer LJ, Dinkgreve MAHM, Jonker C, Hooijer C, Lindeboom J (1993). Are age and education independent correlates of the Mini-Mental State Exam performance of community-dwelling elderly? J Gerontol 48: 271-277.
    • (1993) J Gerontol , vol.48 , pp. 271-277
    • Launer, L.J.1    Dinkgreve, M.A.H.M.2    Jonker, C.3    Hooijer, C.4    Lindeboom, J.5
  • 43
    • 0029822491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does education level determine the course of cognitive decline?
    • Leibovici D, Ritchie K, Ledesert B, Touchon J (1996). Does education level determine the course of cognitive decline? Age Ageing, 25: 392-397.
    • (1996) Age Ageing , vol.25 , pp. 392-397
    • Leibovici, D.1    Ritchie, K.2    Ledesert, B.3    Touchon, J.4
  • 47
    • 0024435178 scopus 로고
    • Acetyl-L-carnitine as a therapeutic agent for mental deterioration in geriatric patients. (Double-blind placebo controlled study)
    • Mantero MA, Barbero M, Giannini R, Grosso VG, Tomasina C, Iannuccelli M (1989). Acetyl-L-carnitine as a therapeutic agent for mental deterioration in geriatric patients. (Double-blind placebo controlled study). New Trends Clin Neuropharmacol 3: 17-24.
    • (1989) New Trends Clin Neuropharmacol , vol.3 , pp. 17-24
    • Mantero, M.A.1    Barbero, M.2    Giannini, R.3    Grosso, V.G.4    Tomasina, C.5    Iannuccelli, M.6
  • 49
    • 0024246154 scopus 로고
    • Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS)
    • Mohs RC, Cohen L (1988). Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS). Psychopharmacol Bull 24: 627-628.
    • (1988) Psychopharmacol Bull , vol.24 , pp. 627-628
    • Mohs, R.C.1    Cohen, L.2
  • 51
    • 0027425211 scopus 로고
    • The Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR): Current version and scoring rules
    • Morris JC (1993). The Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR): current version and scoring rules. Neurology 43: 2412-2414.
    • (1993) Neurology , vol.43 , pp. 2412-2414
    • Morris, J.C.1
  • 54
    • 2442756426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influences of age and education in the mini mental state examination in a Spanish speaking population
    • Ostrosky Solis F, Lopez Arango G, Ardila A (1999). Influences of age and education in the Mini Mental State Examination in a Spanish speaking population. Salud Mental 22: 20-26.
    • (1999) Salud Mental , vol.22 , pp. 20-26
    • Ostrosky Solis, F.1    Lopez Arango, G.2    Ardila, A.3
  • 55
    • 0347128610 scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of, function of, and deficiency of carnitine acylcarnitine translocase
    • Borum P (editor). New York: Pergamon Press
    • Pande S, Noel H, Murthy M (1986). Characteristics of, function of, and deficiency of carnitine acylcarnitine translocase. In: Borum P (editor): Clinical aspects of human carnitine deficiency. New York: Pergamon Press; pp. 166-180.
    • (1986) Clinical Aspects of Human Carnitine Deficiency , pp. 166-180
    • Pande, S.1    Noel, H.2    Murthy, M.3
  • 57
    • 0026602789 scopus 로고
    • In vivo effect of acetyl-L-carnitine on succinate oxidation, adenine nucleotide pool and lipid composition of synaptic and non-synaptic mitochondria from cerebral hemispheres of senescent rats
    • Petruzzella V, Baggetto LG, Penin F, Cafagna F, Ruggiero FM, Cantatore P, Gadaleta MN (1992). In vivo effect of acetyl-L-carnitine on succinate oxidation, adenine nucleotide pool and lipid composition of synaptic and non-synaptic mitochondria from cerebral hemispheres of senescent rats. Arch Gerontol Geriat 14: 131-144.
    • (1992) Arch Gerontol Geriat , vol.14 , pp. 131-144
    • Petruzzella, V.1    Baggetto, L.G.2    Penin, F.3    Cafagna, F.4    Ruggiero, F.M.5    Cantatore, P.6    Gadaleta, M.N.7
  • 59
    • 0028009683 scopus 로고
    • Acetyl-L-carnitine treatment increases choline acetyltransferase activity and NGF levels in the CNS of adult rats following total fibria-fornix transection
    • Piovesan P, Pacifici L, Taglialatela G, Ramacci MT, Angelucci L (1994). Acetyl-L-carnitine treatment increases choline acetyltransferase activity and NGF levels in the CNS of adult rats following total fibria-fornix transection. Brain Res 633: 77-82.
    • (1994) Brain Res , vol.633 , pp. 77-82
    • Piovesan, P.1    Pacifici, L.2    Taglialatela, G.3    Ramacci, M.T.4    Angelucci, L.5
  • 61
    • 0024786493 scopus 로고
    • Double blind placebo controlled study of acetil-L-carnitine in patients with Alzheimer disease
    • Rai G, Wright G, et al. (1990). Double blind placebo controlled study of acetil-L-carnitine in patients with Alzheimer disease. Curr Med Res Opinion 10: 638-647.
    • (1990) Curr Med Res Opinion , vol.10 , pp. 638-647
    • Rai, G.1    Wright, G.2
  • 62
    • 0019967975 scopus 로고
    • The Global Deterioration Scale for assessment of primary degenerative dementia
    • Reisberg B, Ferris SH, de Leon MJ, Crook T (1982). The Global Deterioration Scale for assessment of primary degenerative dementia. Am J Psychiatry 139: 1136-1139.
    • (1982) Am J Psychiatry , vol.139 , pp. 1136-1139
    • Reisberg, B.1    Ferris, S.H.2    De Leon, M.J.3    Crook, T.4
  • 67
    • 0028175075 scopus 로고
    • Acetyl-L-carnitine treatment increase nerve growth factor levels and choline acetyltransferase activity in the central nervous system of aged rats
    • Taglialatela G, Navarra D, Cruciani R, Ramacci MT, Alema GS, Angelucci L (1994). Acetyl-L-carnitine treatment increase nerve growth factor levels and choline acetyltransferase activity in the central nervous system of aged rats. Exp Gerontol 29: 55-66.
    • (1994) Exp Gerontol , vol.29 , pp. 55-66
    • Taglialatela, G.1    Navarra, D.2    Cruciani, R.3    Ramacci, M.T.4    Alema, G.S.5    Angelucci, L.6
  • 68
    • 0034718466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 1-year controlled trial of acetyl-L-carnitine in early-onset AD
    • Thal LJ, Calvani M, Amato A, Carta A (2000). A 1-year controlled trial of acetyl-L-carnitine in early-onset AD. Neurology 55: 805-810.
    • (2000) Neurology , vol.55 , pp. 805-810
    • Thal, L.J.1    Calvani, M.2    Amato, A.3    Carta, A.4
  • 69
    • 9544240348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 1-year multicenter placebo-controlled study of acetyl-L-carnitine in patients with Alzheimers-disease
    • Thal LJ, Carta A, Clarke WR, Ferris SH, Friedland RP, Petersen RC, et al. (1996). A 1-Year Multicenter Placebo-Controlled Study of Acetyl-L-Carnitine in Patients With Alzheimers-Disease. Neurology 47: 705-711.
    • (1996) Neurology , vol.47 , pp. 705-711
    • Thal, L.J.1    Carta, A.2    Clarke, W.R.3    Ferris, S.H.4    Friedland, R.P.5    Petersen, R.C.6
  • 70
    • 0026646174 scopus 로고
    • The mini-mental state examination: A comprehensive review
    • Tombaugh TN, McIntyre NJ (1992). The Mini-Mental State Examination: A comprehensive review. J Am Geriat Soc 40: 922-935.
    • (1992) J Am Geriat Soc , vol.40 , pp. 922-935
    • Tombaugh, T.N.1    McIntyre, N.J.2
  • 71
    • 0027414925 scopus 로고
    • Effect of acetyl-L-carnitine on extracellular amino-acid levels in vivo in rat-brain regions
    • Toth E, Harsing LG, Sershen H, Ramacci MT, Lajtha A (1993). Effect of Acetyl-L-Carnitine On Extracellular Amino-Acid Levels In vivo in Rat-Brain Regions. Neurochem Res 18: 573-578.
    • (1993) Neurochem Res , vol.18 , pp. 573-578
    • Toth, E.1    Harsing, L.G.2    Sershen, H.3    Ramacci, M.T.4    Lajtha, A.5
  • 72
    • 0025996802 scopus 로고
    • Effect of education on the mini-mental state examination as a screening test for dementia
    • Uhlmann RF, Larson EB (1991). Effect of education on the mini-mental state examination as a screening test for dementia. J Am Geriat Soc 39: 876-880.
    • (1991) J Am Geriat Soc , vol.39 , pp. 876-880
    • Uhlmann, R.F.1    Larson, E.B.2
  • 74
    • 0022651414 scopus 로고
    • Action of L-acetylcarnitine on different cerebral mitochondrial populations from hippocampus
    • Villa RF, Gorini A, Zanada F, Benzi G (1986). Action of L-acetylcarnitine on different cerebral mitochondrial populations from hippocampus. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Therap 279: 195-211.
    • (1986) Arch Int Pharmacodyn Therap , vol.279 , pp. 195-211
    • Villa, R.F.1    Gorini, A.2    Zanada, F.3    Benzi, G.4
  • 75
    • 0026620381 scopus 로고
    • Alzheimer's disease: Correlational analysis of three screening tests and three behavioral scales
    • Villardita C, Lomeo C (1992). Alzheimer's disease: Correlational analysis of three screening tests and three behavioral scales. Acta Neurol Scand 86: 603-608.
    • (1992) Acta Neurol Scand , vol.86 , pp. 603-608
    • Villardita, C.1    Lomeo, C.2
  • 76
    • 0025284835 scopus 로고
    • Acetyl-L-carnitine as a precursor of acetylcholine
    • White HL, Scates PW (1990). Acetyl-L-carnitine as a precursor of acetylcholine. Neurochem Res 15: 597-601.
    • (1990) Neurochem Res , vol.15 , pp. 597-601
    • White, H.L.1    Scates, P.W.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.